人大版研究生英语提高级06

Outline
1. Nash proved himself, in the words of the eminent geometer Mikhail Gromov, “the most remarkable mathematician of the second half of the century.” Para. 3 2. In 1958, Fortune singled Nash out for Achievements his achievements in game theory, algebraic geometry, and nonlinear theory, calling him the most brilliant of the younger generation of new ambidextrous mathematicians who worked in both pure and applied mathematicians. Para. 7
Genius (Para. 4)
Outline
1. Nash acquired his knowledge of mathematics not mainly form studying what other mathematicians had discovered, but by rediscovering their Originality truths for himself. (Para. 5) 2. Eager to astound, he was always on the lookout for the really big problems. 3. When he focused on some new puzzle, he saw dimensions that people who really knew the subject (he never did) initially dismissed as naive or wrong-headed.
Distain of authority (Para. 5)
Outline
1. He was beguiled by the idea of alien races of hyper-rational beings who had taught themselves to disregard all emotion. 2. Compulsively rational, he wished to turn life’s decisions—whether to take the first elevator or wait for the next one, where to bank his money, what job to accept, whether to marry—into calculations of advantage and disadvantage, algorithms or mathematical rules divorced from emotion, convention, and tradition.
Background Information
His most important work had been in game theory (博弈论), which by the 1980s was underpinning a large part of economics. When the Nobel Prize committee began debating a prize for game theory, Nash’s name inevitably came up—only to be dismissed, since the prize clearly could not go to a mad man. But in 1994 Nash, in remission from schizophrenia, shared the Nobel Prize in economics for work done some 45 years previously.
Faith in rationality (Para. 6)
Outline
1. His contemporaries, on the whole, found him immensely strange. They described him as “aloof”, “haughty”, “ without affect”, “detached”, “spooky”, “isolated”, Peculiar and “ queer”. personality 2. His manner—slightly cold, a bit superior, (Para. 7) somewhat secretive—suggested something “mysterious and unnatural”.
Outline
3. His remoteness was punctuated by flights of garrulousness about outer space and geopolitical trends, childish pranks, and Peculiar unpredictable eruptions of anger. But personality these outbursts were, more often than not, (Para. 7) as enigmatic as his silences. 4. “He is not one of us” was a constant refrain.
Language Points
2. burst to move, appear, send out or produce sth suddenly and unexpectedly (Para. 3) ① 观众爆发出一阵掌声。 The audience burst into applause. ② 2001年，这个年轻的政党突然出现在政治舞台上。 The young party burst onto the political scene in 2001. ③ 看到她脸上的表情，他们都大笑起来。 They all burst out laughing at the expression on her face.
Outline
1. As a young man he was surrounded by the high priests of twentieth-century science—Albert Einstein, John von Neumann, and Norbert Wiener—but he joined no school, became no one’s disciple, got along: largely without guides or followers. 2. In almost everything he did—from game theory to geometry—he thumbed his nose at the received wisdom, current fashions, established methods.
Language Points
1. strain (v.) to stretch sth tightly by pulling; to make the greatest possible effort; to injure or weaken a part of your body by stretching too much or trying too hard; to force sth beyond a limit of what is acceptable (Para. 1) ① 那条绳子快要被拉断了。 The rope was strained almost to the breaking point. ② 那位歌手声嘶力竭才把高音唱出来。 The singer had to strain to reach the high notes. ③ 你在这样的光线下看书会伤害眼睛的。 You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light. ④ 难民的涌入使我们有限的设施不堪重负。 The influx of refugees is straining our limited facilities.
Language Points
3. obsess to fill in the mind of sb continually; to think about sth much more than is necessary(AmE) (Para. 5) ① 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。 The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old age. ② 你总是一心想着挣钱。 You’ve always been obsessed with making money. ③ 他迷恋上了别人的妻子。 He had become obsessed with another man’s wife. ④ 不要过于担心你的体重，你看上去很好。 Stop obsessing about your weight. You look fine.
Outline
Comments on Nash Descriptions
Nash’s genius was of that mysterious variety more often associated with music and art than with the oldest of all sciences: It was not merely that his mind worked faster, that his memory was more retentive, or that his power of concentration was greater. The flashes of intuition were non-rational.