香港中文大学2012汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题

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香港中文大学2012汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题

香港中文大学2012汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题

2011-12 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Part One1. Consider the following verbs from Tohono O’odham, a Native American Languagebelonging to the Uto-Aztecan family, and answer questions A and B.Tohono O’odham English translationSingular1.ñeok speaks2.him walks3.dagkon wipes4.helwuin is sliding5.’ul sticks outPlural1.ñeñeok we/you/they speak2.hihim we/you/they walk3.dadagkon we/you/they wipe4.hehelwuin we/you/they are sliding5.’u’ul we/you/they stick outQuestionsA.Describe, as precisely as you can, how the plural verbs are formed from thesingular verbs. (What must be done to a singular form in order to convert it into a plural form?)B.What is the name of the morphological process illustrated in the data?2. Examine the following data from French and answer questions A-D. (Assume that/e/~/ɛ/, /ö/~/ɔ/, and /o/~/ɔ/ form three pairs of allophones, i.e., 音位变体).French words English translation1./bote/ beauté beauty2./bɛl/ belle beautiful3./pö/ peu small amount4./pɔr/ peur fear5./mo/ mot word6./mɔr/ mort deathQuestionsA.In what environment do /e/, /ö/, and /o/ occur?B.In what environment do /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /ɔ/ occur?C.According to the following chart, what single feature distinguishes /e/, /ö/, and /o/from /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /ɔ/?________________________________________________e ɛö ɔo ɔBack – – – – + +Round – – + + + +Tense + – + – + –D.The word bête ‘beast’ is pronounced [bɛt]. What role do you think the symbols ^is playing here? (Hint: Note that the final orthographic e is not pronounced. Also, an alternative spelling in an earlier stage of French was bette.)3. Show the internal structure of each of the phrases below by means of labeledbracketing or a tree diagram:A. the student with blue eyesB. that girl at the dance party last weekC. a student of EnglishPart TwoAnswer one of the questions below in either English or Chinese:1. Question 1(a)In the English sentence ‘Mary said Kitty liked herself’, what does ‘herself’ referto? What syntactic category does ‘herself’ belong to?(b)Think about your own native language. Does it also contain words such as‘herself’? If yes, what are they? In what ways are they similar to or differentfrom English in terms of what they actually refer to in a sentence? Provideexamples to justify your answers.2. Question 2Compare and contrast the following types of SLA analysis. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of them? Illustrate your answers with examples.a)Contrastive analysisb)Error analysisc)Interlanguage analysisPart ThreeChoose one of the following questions and write a one-page essay in response to the questions. Please use English, as much as you can, to answer the question. Please quote the name of the author(s) whose work(s) you refer to in your answer to observe academic honesty.(1)What are the differences between children's first language acquisition and adult'ssecond language acquisition? Please identify and elaborate three major differences from cognitive, environmental, and affective points of view.(2)Reflect on language reform in China since 1949. Discuss the achievements andshortcomings in one aspect of the reform (such as the popularization of Putonghua, the promotion of Pinyin, or the simplification of the Chinese characters).(3)Discuss examples of reciprocal and non-reciprocal use of address terms anddiscuss their significance in the particular culture involved.(4)Discuss the importance of phonological awareness in vocabulary acquisition withreference to the structure of the human memory. What are the components of the working memory? How does each of these components function in vocabulary acquisition, and how does the working memory interact with the long-term memory?。

香港中文大学2012-2013汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题

香港中文大学2012-2013汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题

2012-13 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Section OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1Analyze the following data and decide if [s] and [z] are allophones of the same phoneme or belong to different phonemes.Look at the following data involving allomorphic variation:i.lokanta ‘a restaurant’lokantada ‘in/at a restaurant’ii.kapɯ‘a door’kapɯda ‘in/at a door’iii.randevu ‘an appointment’randevuda ‘in/at an appointment’iv.baʃ‘a head’baʃta ‘in/at a head’v.kitap ‘a book’kitapta ‘in/at a book’vi.koltuk ‘an armchair’koltukta ‘in/at an armchair’vii.taraf ‘a side’tarafta ‘in/at a side’(note: ɯ is a high back unrounded vowel)(a) What kind of morphological means does this language employ to express themeaning ‘in/at’?(b) What are the allomorphs of this morpheme?(c) Describe their distribution in the data.(d) What phonological process is involved in such distribution?Question 3What are the possible meanings of ‘unlearnable’ and ‘undoable’? Draw tree diagrams to explain their possible meanings.John drew two structures for the sentence “The technician will fix it tomorrow.”Professor Huang considered Structure A to be the right structure. Please give reasons why Structure A is better than Structure B.Question 5The sentence ‘The student hit the teacher with a ruler’is ambiguous. Illustrate the meaning differences with tree diagrams and appropriate linguistic labels.Explain the difference in use between think of and think about. Look at the concordance lines provided below, taken from a corpus of informal spoken conversation. Are there any generalizations that can be made that would help a learner know when to use think of and when to use think about?THINK OFstank. Then, as he was trying to think of something to say to her (allyes, wedding presents. We must think of something. You probably don’t racking my brains for three hours to think of something, I simply cannot lasta second catastrophe. I tried to think of something to say myself, but myoffered frills. Nicandra tried to think of something pleasing to say: only you were here, then we could think of something to do. “Christopher groaning quietly, perhaps trying to think of something that summed up what let said nothing. He had tried to think of something to say, but the onlylunch?’ ‘Ah me, the young! You think of nothing but your stomachs.sympathy and collusion. But I can think of nothing to say. Perdie says,she tried to speak, but she could think of nothing, and her mother, shiftinganything so familiar, and he could think of nothing on earth to say. Itman in the word.’ ‘As he could think of nothing else, Martin repeatedBut try as she might, she could think of nothing to say like that, fiercelistening. ‘Can we ourselves think of nothing that needs to be done?‘what an idiot I was not to think of it before! You all right Elfie?…no, wait a minute, come to think of it you’re finding. hmm.or him, on other occasions, come to think of it. We’ve been aware of each happened to those kids. And come to think of it, Hamelin’s rats and children like that five years ago, come to think of it, or even ten. It’s thewash his feet, he had seen, come to think of it, the moon not too remote fromprobably cheaper than Selina, come to think of it, what with the hotel mark could have. I didn’t happen to think of it then. ‘And when did youher pregnant. Better not even to think of it. Just go on hating him,and done with. Don’t let us ever think of it again. My family always ‘H ow nice. What did you think of it?’ Patrice held her breath,THINK ABOUTYou wouldn’t just think about it it’s just gone isn’t it Well that’s a good way, if you think about it he’s got, he’s got fourmore, I mean they can wear, if you think about it they were suits in the When you think about it, yeah he was So what ‘It seems easier that way when you think about it dunnit? Mm it’s a lot be does that come from? Oh when you think about it Pledge, why do they call wasn’t the money really when you think about it because at end of day, more. I mean they can wear if you think about it they wear suits in the week! And why, they won’t need to think about it, they can talk you out of penetrating at lasers. ‘We might think about that, ‘I say at last.I’ll h ave to start and think about that train, Dwight.see it. That’s the way I like to think about that sort of place. It’s another way, but I don’t want to think about that for a while. ‘Timothyget eight to twenty-five. Now think about that. The district attorneySection TwoAnswer one of the questions in either English or Chinese:Question 1Pennington & Richards (1986: 219) remarked: ‘Pronunciation forms a natural link to other aspects of language use, such as listening, vocabulary, and grammar.’ Discuss the role of pronunciation plays in second language acquisition. How important do you think it is for L2 learners to acquire good pronunciation skills at the initial phase of their language acquisition? To facilitate your work, you may choose one of the following aspects and discuss in depth your understanding of the issues involved:a.vocabulary buildingb.speech intelligibilityc.phonological processes in readingd.general speech processingYou may discuss other related issues as well.(Reference: Pennington, M. C., & Richards, J. C. (1986). Pronunciation revisited. TESOL Quarterly, 20(2), 207-225.)Question 2Evaluate the following sentences produced by a learner of Chinese. Correct the sentences if they are ungrammatical, and justify your analysis with detailed explanation, showing your understanding of the Chinese grammar.1)来北京前,我不对北京熟悉。

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案

语言学试题及答案一、选择题1. 下面哪个选项中的词性与其他三个选项不同?a. 优雅b. 快乐c. 蓝天d. 报纸答案:d2. 下列四项中,哪一项是重复的?a. 雨水b. 火柴c. 空气d. 雪花答案:d3. 下列词语组合中,哪一项是错误的?a. 喜怒哀乐b. 留连忘返c. 心照不宣d. 肆意挥霍答案:c4. 下面哪个单词的读音与其他三个不同?a. 少年b. 操场c. 老师d. 足球答案:d二、填空题1. 中国的国旗由红色和五颗黄色的小____组成。

答案:星星2. 他用墨水和毛笔在纸上写了一首____。

答案:诗3. “一带一路”是中国提出的倡议,旨在促进国际____和____的发展。

答案:合作;交流4. 我们应该____帮助别人,不要只顾自己。

答案:无私地三、解答题1. 请简要解释“词义辨析”是什么,并举例说明。

答:词义辨析是指对多个在形式上相似但在义项上有差别的词语进行区分和辨析的过程。

这种辨析可以从词语的释义、上下文语境等方面进行。

例如,区分“优秀”和“杰出”这两个词语,可以通过它们的释义和用法来进行辨析。

我们可以说一个学生在学习方面表现优秀,而在体育方面表现杰出。

这样,通过了解这两个词语的不同义项和上下文语境,我们可以准确使用它们。

2. 请简要解释“歧义”是什么,并举例说明。

答:歧义是指一个词语、短语、句子等由于表达不清或具有多种理解方式而产生的模糊性。

在语言学中,歧义可能出现在词语的意义模糊、句子结构不明确等方面。

例如,“这个苹果真甜”,如果没有上下文,我们无法确定是指这个苹果很好吃,还是指对方很甜。

因此,在正式的语言交流中,我们要尽量避免歧义,保证信息的准确传达。

3. 请简要解释“同义词”和“反义词”的概念,并分别举例说明。

答:同义词是指在词义上相近或相同的词语。

它们在表达某个概念、感情或描述时,有着相似的意义。

例如,“美丽”和“漂亮”就是常见的同义词,它们在形容人或事物外表时意思相近。

香港中文大学笔试题

香港中文大学笔试题

香港中文大学笔试题————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:清华大学-香港中文大学2008年合作招收金融财务MBA入学试题(笔试部分)注意事项1.本试卷包括英语、逻辑和数学,分别占50%、30%和20%,总分为100分;2.答题时请将答案写在答题纸上,每个题只有唯一正确答案;3.将本试题、答题纸及草稿纸全部留下,考试结束后将被统一收回。

姓名:ﻩﻩ考号身份证号:一、英语部分(50%)PART IStructure and Vocabulary (25×1%=25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences inthis part.Foreachsentence the re are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe ONE answer thatbest completesthe sentence.Then blackenthe correspondingletter ontheAnswerSheet with a pencil.1. The rats _____bacterial infections ofthe blood.A.develop ﻩﻩB. produceﻩC. stimulateD. induce2. Thefirst, second, andthe thirdprizeswentto Jack, Tom,and Harry_____.A.equallyﻩB. differentlyﻩ C.similarly ﻩﻩ D.respectively3. Morethan85percent of French Canada’s population speaksFrench as a mothertongue and _____to the RomanCatholic faith.A.asceribesﻩB. subsceibes ﻩC.adheres D. caters4. When the work iswell done,a_____of accident freeoperations is established where timelostdue to injuries iskept at aminimum.A.regulation ﻩB.climate ﻩC.circumstanceﻩ D. requirement5. Inorder to preventstress from being set up in the metal, expansion joins arefitted which _____thestressbyallowingthe pipetoexpand or contract freely.A.reclaim B. reconcileﻩﻩ C. rectify ﻩD.relieve6. Dozens ofscientific groupsall overthe worldhave been _____the goalof a practicaland economic way to usesunlight to splitwater molecules.A.pursuing ﻩB.chasingﻩC.reachingD.winning7. Whentraveling,you areadvisedto take travelers’checks, which provide a secure_____to carrying your money in cash.A.substituteB. selection ﻩC.preferenceﻩ D. alternative8. Inever trustedhim becauseI always thought of him as such a_____character.A.Gracious ﻩﻩB. suspiciousﻩ C.uniqueﻩﻩ D. particular9. For example, it haslong been known that totalsleep _____is100percentfataltorats.A.reduction ﻩB. destruction C.deprivationﻩD.restriction10. Manyold people in thecitiesfind themselves unable to get used to therapid_____of city life.A.rateB. speedC. stepﻩD. pace11. The captainofthe ship_____the passengersthat there wasno danger.A. assuredﻩﻩB. ensured ﻩC.secured ﻩﻩD.insured12. The speaker whodoes nothave specificwords in his workingvocabularymay be unable to explain or describe in a_____that can be understood by his listeners.A.case ﻩB. meansﻩﻩC. methodD. way13. Industrial safetydoesnot just happen.Companies with low accidentratesplan theirsafety programs,work hard toorganize them, and continue working tokeep them _____and active.A.AliveB. vividﻩC. mobile ﻩD.diverse14. The key to the industrialization ofspaceis the U.S. spaceshuttle.Withit, astronautswillacquire a workhorse vehicle_____of flying into space and returningmanytimes.A.capable ﻩB. suitableﻩC.efficient ﻩ D. fit15. Thediscussion wasso prolongedandexhausting that_____the speakers stopped forrefreshments.A.at large ﻩB. at intervals ﻩC. at ease ﻩﻩ D.at random16. In no country _____Britain,it has been said, can one experience fourseasons in the course of a single day.A.other thanﻩB.more thanﻩ C.betterthan D.rather than17. So little_____ about physicsthatthelecture was completely beyondme.A.I knew B. did I know ﻩﻩ C. Ihad knownD. had I known18. Concerns were raised_____witnesses might beencouraged to exaggerate theirstories.A.what ﻩﻩB.when ﻩﻩC.which ﻩﻩ D.that19. Itcanbe ready for _____tripin about two weeks.A.new B.another ﻩC. certainD.subsequent20. To drive and _____ within the speed limits _____ necessary in today’s traffic.A.staying/is ﻩ B. to stay/areﻩ C. tostay/isﻩﻩ D. staying/arePART II Reading Comprehension (15×2%=30%)Directions:There are 3 passages inthis part. Each passageis followed by som equestions or unfinishedstatements.For eachof them here are four choices markedA,B, C and D.You should decideonthe bestchoice andblacken thecorresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a pencil.Questions21 to 25are based on the following passage:Whilehackerswith motives make headlines,they represent lessthan 20%of allnetwork security breaches.More common are instances ofauthorize dusers accidentally windingupwhere they should notbe and inadvertently deleting or changing data. However,the Internet introduces another concern: some Internet surfers are boundto go where theyhave no businessand,in so dong,threaten to wipe outdatato which they should not have access.Before picking a firewall,companies need to adopt security policies.A security policy states whoor whatis allowed to connect to whomor what. You can groupall users by department orclassification.The better firewallproducts let you dragand drop groups in agraphical userinterface(GUI)environment to define network securityeasily.Two methods are most often usedtogether to establishan Internetfirewall. Theyareapplication andcircuit gateways, as wellas packet filtering. With application andcircuitgateways, all packets areaddressed to a user-level application on a gate-way that relays packetsbetween two points. Wit hmost applicationgateways,additional packet-filter machines arerequired to controland screentraffic between the gatewayand thenetwor ks. A typical configurationincludes two routers with a bastionhost thatservesas the application gateway sitting between them.A drawback to application and circuit gateways is that they slow network performance. This is because eachpacket must be copied andprocessedat least twiceby all the communicationlayers. Packet-filtergateway s,whichactas routers betweentwo nets,are less secure than application gatewaysbut more efficient. They aretransparenttomany protocols andapplications, andthey require no changesin client applicatio ns, nospecific application management orinstallation, and noextra hardware.Using a single,unified packet-filter engine,allnettraffic is processed andthen forwarded or blockedfroma single point ofcontrol. However, most packetfiltersare stateless, understand only low-levelprotocols,andare difficult to configure and verity. In addition,they lack audi tmechanisms. Some packetfilters are implementedinside routers, limitingcomputingpowerand filteringcapabilities. Others areimp lementedas software packages that filter the packets in application-layer proc esses, an inefficient approach that requires multiple datacopies, expensive delays and context switches anddeliverslower throughput.So what’s a network administrator to do? Some vendors are developing firewallsthat overcome manyof these problemsand combine the advantages of applicationgateways andpacket filtering.These efficient, protocol-independent, securefirewall engines are capableofapplication-levelsecurity,user authentication,unified support,and handlingofall protocols, auditing and altering. They are transparentto users andto systemsetup,and include a GUI forsimple and flexible system management andconfiguration.21. The most suitabletitle for this passage is _____.A. Hackersand Our DefenseB.InternetSurfer’s GuideC. Firewall: A Measure of Network SecurityD. InformationTechnology22. According towhat you haveread,theauthor’s probable preference will be_____.A.walling forthe coming of better firewall products.B. finding a combination of bothapplication gatewayand packet filtering approachC. meeting demands ofevery type with better productsD.implementing onebetter approach in the adoptionof a firewall solution23. In choosinga firewallproduct, whatis impliedas the main concernofthe author?A.Management ﻩB.TransparencyC.IndependenceﻩﻩﻩD.Efficiency24. Which of the followingcanbeinferred from thepassage concerningthe networks using application and circuitgateways?A.Secure andspeedyﻩB. Secure but slowC.Insecure and slowﻩD.Insecure but speedy25. For whom is this passage mostlikely written:A. Government officialsﻩB. HackersC. Network administratorsD. Computer experts.Questions 26to30 are based on the followingpassage:Internet is a global network thatconnects other computer networks, together withsoftwareand protocols for controlling the movementof data.TheInternet, often referredtoa s“theNet”,was initiatedin 1969by a groupofuniversitiesandprivate research groups funded by the U.S.Departmentof Defense.It now covers almost everycountryin the world.Itsorganization is informal anddeliberately nonpolitical, anditscontrollers tend toconcentrateon technical aspectsratherthan onadministrativecontrol.The Internet offersusersnumberof basic services includingdata transfer,electronics mail, and theabilitytoaccessinformationin remotetoexchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, thereareanumber ofhigh-level services. Forexample,MBONEallows thetransmissionof messagesto morethan onedestination.It isusedin videoconferencing.The World Wide Web, known as“the Web”,is another high level Internet service,developed inthe1990s inGeneva. It isa service fordistributing multimediainformation,including graphics, pictures, sounds, andvideo aswellas text. A feature ofthe World WideWeb is that it allows links to other relateddocumentselsewhereon the Internet.Documents for publication on the Web arepresented inaform knownasHTML(hypertext markup language).Thisallows aspecification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen.It alsoallows theinclusion of active linksto other documents. Generally, these appear on thescreen displayas highlightedtext or as additional icons.Typically,the user can use a mouse to “click”ononeof these points toload and view arelateddocument. Many commercial and public organizations now havetheir own Website(specified byan address code)and publish a “homepage”,givinginformation about the organization.Up tothe mid 1990s,themajorusers ofthe Internetwere academicand research organizations.This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercialaccess providersand with agrowing interest bycompanies in usingtheInternet for publicity,sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing.At the sametine,thereareproblems with the flow of information acrossnational borders, bringingin debates about copyright protection, dataprotection,thepublicationof pornography,and ultimately political control andcensorship.26. From the first paragraph, we learn thattheInternet _____.A.was initiatedbythe U.S.DepartmentofDefensein1969B.was onlyable to connect computers into networks intoat its beginningC.has not any kindoforganizationbehind it atallD.worksindependentlyof any governmental control27. Accessto remote information_____.A.isahighlevelservice provided bythe InternetB. is the most notablefeaturewiththe InternetC.isabasic function performed by the InternetD. can onlybe achieved by theInternet28. It can be inferred that the developmentofHTMLprepared the way for_____.A.even farther informationtransferB.onlinecommercial promotionsC.academic usesD. distributing multimedia information29. Which ofthe followingisnot a problembroughtin bythepopularizationofthe Internet?A. Difficultyin inspecting thecontent of publications.B.Difficulty inprotecting copy rightacross national borders.C. Difficulty in promoting salesof superiorproducts.D.The possibilitythatpotentially harmful content maybepublished 30. Thispassage focuses on_____.A. the instructions for theInternet usersB.the historical development of the InternetC.the kinds of datatransferred throughthe InternetD.theproblemsbrought about the InternetQuestions 31to 35 are based onthe following passage:Therelationship between the home and market economies hasgonethoughtwo distinct stages. Earlyindustrialization beginthe processof transferringsomeproduction process (e.g.cloth making, sewingand canningfood) from thehome to the marketplace. Althoughthe home economy couldstillproduce these good, the more importantsecond stagewas evident-the marketplace, and home economy was unable toproduce them, e.g. electricity and electrical appliances the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medicalcare. In the second stage,thequestionof whetherthe home economywasless efficient in producing thesenew goodsandservice was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruitsof industrialization,theywould have to beobtainedin the marketplace.The traditionalways oftakingcare of these needs in the home such as innursingthesick,became socially unacceptable(and, inmost seriouscases, probably less successful).Justasthe appearanceoftheautomobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical,and theappearance of television changedthe radiofrom asource of entertainment toa source of background music,so mostofthe fruitsofeconomicgrowth did notincreasedflexibilityfor thehomeeconomy in obtainingthese good and services. Instead, economicgrowth brought with it increased consumer reliance onthe market-place. In ordertoconsume thesenew goods andservices, the familyhad to enter themarketplace as wageearners and consumers. The neoclassical(新古典主义的)model that views thefamily as deciding whetherto produce goodsand services directly or topurchase them in the marketplaceis basically amodel of the first stage. Itcannot accuratelybe appliedto thesecond(andcurrent) stage.31. The reason whymany productionprocesseswere taken over by themarketplace was that .A.it was a necessary stepin theprocess of industrializationB. they depend on electricity available onlyto themarketeconomyC. it was troublesometo produce such goods in thehomeD. the marketplace was more efficientwith respectto these processes32. Itcanbe seen from the passage that in the second stage.A.some traditional goodsand service were not successful because theproduction processremained unchangedB. themarket economyprovided goods and services which were not provided by the home economyC.producing traditionalgoodsat home became socially unacceptableD. the question ofwhether new goods and services wereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant33. During the second stage,if the family wanted to consumenew services,they hadtoenter the marketplace .A. aswageearnersB. both as manufacturers and consumersC. both as workers andconsumersD. as customers34. Economic growthdid not makeit moreflexible forthe home economy to obtain the new goodsandservicesbecause .A. the family was not efficient in productionB. it was illegal for the home economy to producethemC. it could notsupply thembyitselfD. themarket for thesegoods and serviceswas limited35. The neoclassical model isbasicallyamodel of the first stage, becauseatthis stage .A.the family could relyeither on the homeeconomy or on the marketplaceforthe needed goods andservicesB.manyproduction processeswere beingtransferred to themarketplaceC.consumers relied more andmore on the marketeconomyD. the family could decide how to transferproduction processes to the marketplace二、逻辑部分(15X2%=30%)36. 尽管大多数大学拥有教职员工发明的专利权,但教职员工拥有他们著书或文章的版税。

香港中文大学MA语言学笔试Jan

香港中文大学MA语言学笔试Jan

2015-16 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Section OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1AguacatecThe following data are from Aguacatec, an indigenous language of Guatemala.Examine the distribution of the voiced and voiceless liquids ([l], [r], [l] and [r]).Determine if they are allophones of separate phonemes or allophones of thesame phoneme. What is your evidence?a.[l munʧ] ‘lemon’j. [ʧerkʃ] ‘scissors’b.[teʧl] ‘sign’k. [ploh] ‘useless’c.[r meril] ‘hope’l. [seluʔ] ‘your substitute’d.[wempl] ‘my ribs’m. [hobil] ‘knife’e.[bnol] ‘maker’n. [lab] ‘ghost’f.[jol] ‘word’o. [teruʔ] ‘now’g.[tsontr] ‘against’p. [balk] ‘brother-in-law’h.[ʔuʔpl] ‘firecrackers’q. [qloʔ] ‘perhaps’i.[bibl] ‘Bible’r. [l benuʔ] ‘you go’Question 2TzutujilIdentify the morphological constituents and their meanings in the followingTzutujil verbs. Tzutujil is a Mayan language spoken in Guatemala. (A note on Tzutujil spelling: x is pronounced [ʃ], and 7 is pronounced [ʔ].)a.xinwari ‘I slept’g. xoqeeli ‘we left’b.neeli ‘he or she leaves’h. ninwari ‘I sleep’c.ne7eeli ‘they leave’i. xixwari ‘you(pl) slept’d.nixwari ‘you(pl) sleep’j. xe7eeli ‘they left’e.xateeli ‘you(sg) left’k. xwari ‘he or she slept’f.natwari ‘you(sg) sleep’How would you say ‘I left’, ‘he or she sleeps’, ‘we sleep’?Question 3Consider (1), (2) and the conversation below.(1) Peter will write a letter.(2) The picture on the wall is awesome.Professor Li: Why do we generally refer to “write a letter” and “on the wall” as VP and PP respectively?John: We call “write a letter” a VP because the string has a verb in it. Similarly,“on the wall” is a PP because it has a preposition in it.Do you agree with John? Why (not)?Section TwoDiscuss one of the topics below in either English or Chinese:The following opinions are popular but they do not necessarily reflect our current understanding of language acquisition. Explain why we have reasons to believe otherwise.Question 1Bilingualism is for smart kids only.Question 2Babies live in their own little worlds and do not communicate with adults before they can speak.Section ThreeChoose one of the following questions and write a one-page essay in response to the question. Please follow the style of academic discourse, and conventions for citation and reference (if any). Please use English only.Question 1Language endangerment and language revitalization are gaining more attention in the field of linguistics in recent decades. Discuss the possible factors that may lead to language extinction and what revitalization strategies one may adopt to revert this process. Cite examples from your own country if possible to support your answers?Question 2Discuss the role of input and interaction in second language acquisition. Whatkind of input is most helpful? How might interaction help language learning?What are the implications for teaching? Be specific.--End of Paper--。

香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目

香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目

香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目第一篇:香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目香港中文大学2013-2014语言学专业博士入学笔试此次笔试共有有五道题目,其中第一道必做,后四道中选做两道。

1.给了乔姆斯基(2001)的一段话,大意是语言虽然会受到环境的影响,但是却是由基因决定的一种认知能力,是大脑认知体系的一个子系统(subsystem)。

然后是O’Grady(2010)的一段话,关于浮现主义(emergenism),大意是语言的习得由“非语言因素”决定,如认知,记忆,输入,交际等等、要求:概况上述两种语言观,说明你的理解,然后对其进行评价(critically)2.语音题:sectionA---对“juncture”下了个定义,指的是语音的分界点(?),如great eyes,听起来也可以理解为grey ties。

有人做了一个研究,研究的是英式英语(BE)、新加坡英语(SE)和港式英语(HKE)中的语音分界点,被试分别是上述三种英语的speaker,让他们听辨BE、SE和HKE,记录了正确率和反应时,有三个图表。

要求:观察总结“patterns”,并分析原因。

----这个没看明白,语音学学得不好还有一个sectionB,忘记了,也是跟语音有关的 3.Section A--四组句子,一正一误(1)He asked Mary to leave on her own.*He asked Mary to leave on his own.(2)Peter ordered Mary to leave on her own.*P eter ordered Mary to leave on one’s own.(3)Peter cancelled the trip to save money for himself.*Peter cancelled the trip to save money for oneself.(4)To behave oneself is very important.*To behave himself is very important.要求:1)为每组的正确句子画出树形图2)运用Case theory 和Binding Theory 解释错句3)上述理论多大程度上是Universal的?用你自己的语言的例子进行说明。

对外汉语《二语习得》题库及答案

对外汉语《二语习得》题库及答案

对外汉语《二语习得》题库及答案第一章单元测试1、判断题:习得与学习二者之间的关系是割裂的。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【错】2、单选题:最早发现习得与学习存在区别的是语言学家()选项:A:乔姆斯基B:斯蒂芬?克拉申C:洪堡特D:斯韦恩答案: 【斯蒂芬?克拉申】3、多选题:关于习得与学习的关系,下列说法正确的是()选项:A:可以用两个三角形表示;B:这两个三角形是倒置的;C:这两个三角形是部分交叠的;D:这两个三角形是完全重叠的。

答案: 【可以用两个三角形表示;;这两个三角形是倒置的;;这两个三角形是部分交叠的;】成人完全可以做到和儿童一样习得外语。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【错】5、判断题:儿童习得外语的能力总体上高于成人。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【对】6、判断题:传统语言课堂收到的质疑越来越多,我们应该遵循习得规律,改革创新教学模式和方法。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【对】7、判断题:最早获得的语言一定是最熟悉的。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【错】一个在外国出生的华裔儿童,他最早接触的是汉语,成长过程中主要说英语,那么,下列说法正确的是()选项:A:他的母语是汉语;B:他的第一语言是汉语;C:他的第二语言是英语;D:他的母语是英语。

答案: 【他的母语是汉语;;他的第一语言是汉语;;他的第二语言是英语;】9、多选题:一个在外国出生的华裔儿童,他成长过程中只接触和说英语,那么,下列说法正确的是()选项:A:他的母语是英语;B:他的第一语言是英语;C:他没有外语;D:他的外语是英语。

答案: 【他的母语是英语;;他的第一语言是英语;;他没有外语;】10、判断题:第一语言是语言学的概念,母语更多的牵涉到民族学问题。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【对】11、判断题:语言学多是理论研究,心理学、心理语言学等多是实验研究。

()选项:A:对B:错答案: 【对】第二章单元测试1、多选题:关于大脑和语言习得,行为主义心理学派有两个非常著名的观点,分别是()。

语言学与作文2012年真题回忆版

语言学与作文2012年真题回忆版

626语言学与作文2012年真题回忆版Part one : linguistics没有判断,其他题型都没有变,其中名词解释再次出现“Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”。

第一题:名词解释1. Allophones2. Syntax3. Duality4. Perfomatives5. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis第二题:填空(十个)1. Linguistics is the scientific study of __________.2. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" is known as a(n) __________.3. "I bought some roses" __________"I bought some flowers".4. Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of__________.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?5. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, __________, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered.6. In a speech community people have something in common __________a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it.7. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called __________ rules.8. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a __________ morpheme.9. A __________ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word, such as "and", "but", "or".10. __________is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.第三题:分析题:1. Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. Thefirst said“唉,几点了?”and the second said“不好意思,打搅一下,请问您带表了吗?”What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them?2. A sentence may be ambiguous.用所学理论画树状图分析句子含义,类似于下面含有歧义的句子“The mother of the boy and girl will arrive soon.”3. What are the possible contexts in which the given sentences can be used for other purposes than just stating facts?(1). The room is messy.(2). I can’t work under untidy circumstances.(3). It would be good if she had a green skirt on.4. 分析一下Grammar Translation Method与Communicative Language Teaching两种教学方法的区别。

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2011-12 CUHK Recruitment Test
MA in Linguistics
MA in Chinese Linguistics and Language Acquisition
Name __________________________
Email __________________________
Phone __________________________
University __________________________
City __________________________
Province __________________________
Part One
1. Consider the following verbs from Tohono O’odham, a Native American Language
belonging to the Uto-Aztecan family, and answer questions A and B.
Tohono O’odham English translation
Singular
1.ñeok speaks
2.him walks
3.dagkon wipes
4.helwuin is sliding
5.’ul sticks out
Plural
1.ñeñeok we/you/they speak
2.hihim we/you/they walk
3.dadagkon we/you/they wipe
4.hehelwuin we/you/they are sliding
5.’u’ul we/you/they stick out
Questions
A.Describe, as precisely as you can, how the plural verbs are formed from the
singular verbs. (What must be done to a singular form in order to convert it into a plural form?)
B.What is the name of the morphological process illustrated in the data?
2. Examine the following data from French and answer questions A-D. (Assume that
/e/~/ɛ/, /ö/~/ɔ/, and /o/~/ɔ/ form three pairs of allophones, i.e., 音位变体).
French words English translation
1./bote/ beauté beauty
2./bɛl/ belle beautiful
3./pö/ peu small amount
4./pɔr/ peur fear
5./mo/ mot word
6./mɔr/ mort death
Questions
A.In what environment do /e/, /ö/, and /o/ occur?
B.In what environment do /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /ɔ/ occur?
C.According to the following chart, what single feature distinguishes /e/, /ö/, and /o/
from /ɛ/, /ɔ/, and /ɔ/?
________________________________________________
e ɛö ɔo ɔ
Back – – – – + +
Round – – + + + +
Tense + – + – + –
D.The word bête ‘beast’ is pronounced [bɛt]. What role do you think the symbols ^
is playing here? (Hint: Note that the final orthographic e is not pronounced. Also, an alternative spelling in an earlier stage of French was bette.)
3. Show the internal structure of each of the phrases below by means of labeled
bracketing or a tree diagram:
A. the student with blue eyes
B. that girl at the dance party last week
C. a student of English
Part Two
Answer one of the questions below in either English or Chinese:
1. Question 1
(a)In the English sentence ‘Mary said Kitty liked herself’, what does ‘herself’ refer
to? What syntactic category does ‘herself’ belong to?
(b)Think about your own native language. Does it also contain words such as
‘herself’? If yes, what are they? In what ways are they similar to or different
from English in terms of what they actually refer to in a sentence? Provide
examples to justify your answers.
2. Question 2
Compare and contrast the following types of SLA analysis. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of them? Illustrate your answers with examples.
a)Contrastive analysis
b)Error analysis
c)Interlanguage analysis
Part Three
Choose one of the following questions and write a one-page essay in response to the questions. Please use English, as much as you can, to answer the question. Please quote the name of the author(s) whose work(s) you refer to in your answer to observe academic honesty.
(1)What are the differences between children's first language acquisition and adult's
second language acquisition? Please identify and elaborate three major differences from cognitive, environmental, and affective points of view.
(2)Reflect on language reform in China since 1949. Discuss the achievements and
shortcomings in one aspect of the reform (such as the popularization of Putonghua, the promotion of Pinyin, or the simplification of the Chinese characters).
(3)Discuss examples of reciprocal and non-reciprocal use of address terms and
discuss their significance in the particular culture involved.
(4)Discuss the importance of phonological awareness in vocabulary acquisition with
reference to the structure of the human memory. What are the components of the working memory? How does each of these components function in vocabulary acquisition, and how does the working memory interact with the long-term memory?。

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