图表作文的写作要领

图表作文的写作要领(1) 观察图表，确定主题句观察图表是为了准确地理解图表所传递的信息。

观察图表首先要看清楚图表的文字说明，然后仔细研究图表以发现数据的主要特征和变化趋势，以此来确定主题句。

(2) 选择典型材料仔细观察表中数据的变化，并加以比较和归纳，选出差距变化最大、最有意义、最能说明主题的信息。

避免过分详细，逐一罗列。

换句话说，并不是图表中的任何一个数字都要进行描述。

(3) 分类确定全文的时态图表有两类，一类是有时间参照的，另一类是无时间参照的。

有时间参照的图表一般在描写时用现在时，有时间参照的可有两种情况：①如果参照的时间在过去就用一般过去时态。

②虽有过去时间参照，但叙述的是经常出现的情况，这种情况整篇文章总的时态仍用现在时态。

(4) 熟练掌握常用套句和短语由于图表包含丰富的信息和各种各样的数据，要清楚有效地把它们呈现出来并不是一件容易的事情，尤其是数据以及发展趋势的变化。

考生应该熟练掌握常用套句和短语。

如果考生能够熟练运用这些套句和短语，自然会信心倍增，对图表作文的恐惧也就消失了。

写作流程第一段：描述图表反映的总情况。

(用能充分说明主题的典型数据描述图表)第二段：分析原因。

(仔细分析比较数字，归纳出增减速率并找出产生变化的原因)第三段：结论。

(得出结论或展望、预测发展趋势)范文与评析(1)---表格（table）作文Directions: You are required to write an essay with the topic “C hanges in the W ays P eople S pent T heir H oliday s. You should base your essay on the information from the table.Changes in the Ways People Spent Their Holidays From the table we could know that the ways people spent their holidays have changed greatly. In 2003, 40% people spent their holidays at home, but their number dropped to 10% in 2013. It was no doubt that people were becoming more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment outside their homes.Seaside still had its attraction to people, though its rate dropped slightly from 40% in 2003 to 30% in 2013, and there might be a further decrease in the future because of the marine pollution. The table shows that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad. The rate in 2013 doubled as compared with 2003. With the increase of their income, more and more people could afford their holidays abroad.The table also indicates another tendency: the rate of camping was rising from 10% in 2003 to 40% in 2013. The reason may be that the real beauty of nature was being rediscovered, and people were getting more and more interested in natural scenery. Based on the above analysis we could draw the conclusion that great changes have taken place in the ways people spent their holidays in the past ten years.范文与评析(2)--- 饼状图（pie chart）作文Popular Desserts in a University CafeteriaDirections: The above pie chart shows the percentage of popular desserts selected in a university cafeteria. Write an essay on the topic “Popular Desserts in a University Cafeteria”. You should base your essay on the information in the chart.Popular Desserts in a University CafeteriaThis pie chart shows the relative popularity of desserts served in a university cafeteria.I ce cream is the favorite among the dessert selections,accounting for 35% of all choices.Pie is the next most popular choice with 25%of all choices. These two items exceeded theremaining four selections in popularity. D oughnut is not so popular with only 10% of all choices, which is the same with pudding in popularity.The only natural fruit choice, the apple, is only a little more popular than the doughnut and is a selection of less than half of percentage in ice-cream.Fruit jelly was last in popularity among all choices.Even pudding proved to be twice as popular as fruit jelly. The relatively high popularity of ice cream and pie may be due in part to the fact that these desserts are not everyday diets in Chinese meals.Fruit jelly,apples, and doughnut are usually served at home.The relatively high standing of the apple in relation to pudding, doughnut,and fruit jelly may be due to parental or school training on nutrition.范文与评析(3)---线状图（line graph）作文Car Accidents in BeijingDirections: You are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph. The suggested title is: Car Accidents Declining in Beijing. Remember that your essay must be written according to the following outline:1) Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph.2) Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city.Car Accidents Declining in BeijingLast year, the rate of car accidents in Beijing reached the highest point 37 in August. After that the rate was steadily declining, and reached the lowest point 14 at the end of the year. The first three months of 2012 showed an increasing trend, and reached 30 in March, and then the rate declined to 26 in June. Then from June to August, the rate was rising from 24 to 37.The highest rate of 37 in August might be due to weather factors. Humidity and high temperature may make drivers become uncomfortable and impatient, which could easily lead to car accidents. The peak point in the first half of 2012 might be also caused by weather conditions. In Beijing, the excessive rain comes at early spring, which makes roads muddy and slippery, and these conditions may result in car accidents.This year the situation is expected to be changed. City government has raised money to improve the road conditions. Two new roads were built at the end of last year, and will soon open to cars. New road regulation stipulates that every car should be air-conditioned in summer. All these precautions account for car accidents declining in Beijing this year.范文与评析(4)---直方图（bar graph）作文Three Major Causes of Fire in ChinaHistogram 1Histogram 2Directions: The above diagram s show three major causes of fire in Guangzhou, these histograms indicate the numbers of fire and the extent of the damage involved, measured in terms of billions of Yuan. Study the two histograms above and draw whatever conclusion(s) you can. T he public interest may be one point to consider. Write an essay stating and supporting your conclusion(s).Three Major Causes of Fire in GuangzhouDespite of all the efforts that mankind has made over the years, fire continues to be a terrible killer in our modern society. From the two histograms above,which describe the leading causes of fires measured in both number of fires and total losses from thefires in Guangzhou, we could see that most fires are caused by smokers, defective insulation and children playing with matches.It is clearly shown in these two histograms that smokers were responsible for totally 10500 of the fires in the last two years, which caused about 5.5 billion Yuan worth of damage. Defective insulation caused more than 4500fires and children playing with matches led to about1000 fires. These results show that smok ers can be considered as the enemies of the whole society, especially when the public interest is taken into consideration.Comparing the figures of these two years, it will be safe to draw a conclusion that, although the number of fires in each category remained nearly the same, the fire losses caused by defective insulation were significantly lower than those in the previous year. O n the contrary, the fire losses in the case of children’s playing with matches were significantly higher than those in the previous year, even though there were fewer fires. T he average losses of a fire caused by smokers remained more or less the same, only showing a slightly increasing trend.Based on the brief analysis above, it can be concluded that, although smokers are the leading cause of fires, we still need to improve the insulation devices and educate our children on the dangers of playing with matches.常用表达句型：1）描述图标的句式(1) T he table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...该表格描述了在...年到...年间...数量的变化。