专题20 阅读理解题(原卷版)
中考语文复习专题20《水浒传》习题精练(原卷版)

专题20:《水浒传》习题精练1.《水浒传》的全称时《忠义水浒传》,“忠义”是梁山好汉行事的基本道德准则,请结合下面诗句分析宋江的“忠义”。
宋江饮酒已知情,恐坏忠良水浒名。
便约李逵一同死,蓼儿洼内起佳城。
2.阅读《水浒传》节选内容:武松把只脚往大虫面门上、眼睛里只顾乱踢。
那大虫咆哮起来,把身底下扒起两堆黄泥,做了一个土坑。
武松把大虫嘴直按下黄泥坑里去。
那大虫想咬武松,奈何得没了些气力。
武松把左手紧紧地揪住顶花皮,偷出右手来,提起铁锤般大小拳头,尽平生之力只顾打。
打到五七十拳,那大虫眼里、口里、鼻子里、耳朵里,都迸出鲜血来……一顿拳脚打得那大虫动弹不得,使得口里兀自气喘。
请结合选文情节,把《水浒传》第二十三回的回目补充完整。
横海郡柴进留宾,_________________________3.请你介绍①武松打虎与②李逵杀虎的情节故事。
4.阅读片段,按要求作答。
吴用笑道:“我已安排定了圈套,只看他来的光景,力则力取,智则智取。
我有一条计策,不知中你们意否?如此,如此。
”晁盖听了大喜,攧着脚道:“好妙计!不枉了称你做智多星!果然赛过诸葛亮!好计策!”(节选自《水浒传》第十六回)①根据选文,用简洁的语言概括它出自哪一事件。
_____________②晁盖听了吴用的计策,大喊“好妙计”“好计策”。
这个计策实施的关键是下蒙汗药的时间和方式,对此,他们做了精心的安排。
请根据小说情节,完成下表。
5.阅读《水浒传》选段,并回答问题。
“话说(A)……,如何回转去见梁中书,欲要就冈子上自寻死路。
却待望黄泥冈下跃身一跳,猛可醒悟,拽住了脚,寻思道:“爹娘生下洒家,堂堂一表,凛凛一躯,自小学成十八般武艺在身,终不成只这般休了!比及今日寻个死处,不如日后等他拿得着时,却再理会。
”……(A)对曹正道,“王伦当初苦苦相留,俺却不曾落草,如今脸上又添了金印,却去投奔他时,好没志气。
因此踌躇未决,进退两难。
”(1)选段中的A是_____________(2)A为什么要自寻死路?(3)A为什么“脸上又添了金印”?6.阅读《水浒传》节选,按要求回答下面的问题。
专题20 《水浒传》中考真题及典型习题训练(原卷版)

《水浒传》中考真题及典型习题训练一、《水浒传》历年中考真题精选1.【2019年潍坊市初中学业水平考试语文试题】阅读《水浒传》中的两个片段,回答问题。
①宋江听罢,吃了一惊,肚里寻思道:“晁盖是我心腹兄弟。
他如今犯了弥天大罪,我不救他时,捕获将去,性命便休了!”……晁盖听罢,吃了一惊道:“贤弟大恩难报!”宋江道:“哥哥,你休要多说,只顾安排走路,不要缠障。
我便回去了。
”②宋江大醉,叫取纸笔来,一时乘着酒兴,作满江红一词:“……衷心愿平虏,保民安国。
日月常悬忠烈胆,风尘障却奸邪目。
望天王降诏,早招安,心方足。
”……宋江道:“今皇上至圣至明,只被奸臣闭塞,暂时昏昧,有日云开见日,知我等替天行道,不扰良民,同心报国,青史留名,有何不美!”(1)从上述两段选文中可以看出宋江、的性格特点。
(2)结合整部小说,简要分析宋江以上性格对小说情节发展的作用。
2.【江苏省盐城市二O一九年初中毕业与升学考试】阅读下列语段,回答问题【甲】鲁提辖假意道:“你这厮诈死,洒家再打。
”只见面皮渐渐的变了。
鲁达寻思道:“俺只指望痛打这厮一顿,不想三拳真个打死了他.,洒家须吃官司,又没人送饭,不如及早撒开。
”【乙】那大王却待挣扎,鲁智深把右手捏起拳头,骂一声:“直娘贼!”连耳根带脖子只一拳,那大王叫一声:“做甚么便打老公?”鲁智深喝道:“教你认的老婆!”拖倒在床边,拳头脚尖一齐上,打得大王叫救人。
①【甲】段中“他”的绰号是______。
【乙】段鲁智深在桃花村痛打周通,表现了他______的性格特征。
②【甲】段中的“鲁提辖”与【乙】段中“鲁智深”都是指鲁达。
为什么在前后情节中他的称谓发生了变化?3.【湖南省长沙市2019年初中学业水平考试语文试卷】《水浒传》里的梁山好汉们大都有好“打抱不平”的特点,例如鲁智深号称“禅杖打开危险路、戒刀杀尽不平人”,武松也宣称“我从来只要打天下硬汉不明道德的人,我若路见不平,真乃拔刀相助,我便死了也不怕”。
(英语)高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析

(英语)高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析(英语)高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1.阅读理解One of the biggest problems when we are talking is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the past, I struggled wit h this and I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.After studying this in depth, I had different opinions and found that one of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering (过滤)--holding back from saying something until you've "checked" to make sure that what you're about to say is cool, impressive and interesting. Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you don't know how to change from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.It is the reflex (习惯性思维) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you don't say anything that could land you in jail (监狱).All of the "Oh! That's interesting…" "Hmm, I've never heard of that" "Hmm, cool!" expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you're really listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want to talk to you even more.Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if it's not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.(1)If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can .A. train their working skillB. improve their life qualityC. enrich their social lifeD. establish their working relationship(2)When talking with others, we should .A. feel nervousB. think twiceC. be free to expressD. avoid breaking in (3)According to the passage, what do the speakers care much about?A. The attractive topics of conversation.B. The atmosphere of the conversation.C. The listener's experiences and tastes.D. The listener's curiosity and concern.(4)What does the underlined part "juice-up conversations" mean?A. making conversations more boringB. making conversations livelierC. making conversations smootherD. making conversations more relaxing【答案】(1)C(2)C(3)D(4)B【解析】【分析】本文本文是一篇议论文,我们谈话时最大的问题之一是尴尬的沉默。
初中语文文学类文本阅读专题训练题20套(带答案)及解析精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版初中语文文学类文本阅读专题训练题20套(带答案)及解析一、中考语文试卷文学类文本阅读1.阅读全文,回答1-3题让古代经典成为民族文化的基因①去年教师节,习近平到北师大慰问教师时提到:“古代经典应该成为民族文化基因。
我很不赞成把古代经典诗词和散文从课本中去掉。
应该把这些经典嵌在学生脑子里,成为中华民族文化的基因。
”②流传几千年的中华传统文化已经构筑了中国人的精神家园,形成共同的文化心理。
它影响着中国人的思维方式、伦理观念、精神追求、审美取舍。
它是全民族的优秀的文化遗产,影响着全民族的行为规范。
但是,出于众所周知的原因,我们对传统文化的继承和弘扬,经历过起起落落的波折。
目前存在的一些地方社会道德滑坡等现象,与对传统文化的淡忘有密切关系。
国家提出“建设优秀传统文化体系,弘扬中华优秀传统文化”,是非常必要的。
③我们且举对传统文化影响最为深刻的儒道两家思想的例子来说。
儒家提倡“正心诚意,修齐治平”,把“正心、诚意”作为“修身”、“齐家”、“治国”、“平天下”的基础。
这是强调个人道德修养与治国、平天下的一致性,主张由近及远,由己及人,从个体的品质修养入手,达到建设和谐社会的目的。
为实现这个目的,还得从学习入手。
在儒家传统文化体系里,许多学说都落脚于道德问题上,都以“修己”即个体道德修养为核心,为落脚点。
今天我们践行社会主义的价值观,建设新的道德风尚,只有社会的个体即每小人都注重自身的道德建设并付诸实践,才能够造就高尚纯洁的道德环境。
再如,《道德经》里说:“祸莫大于不知足,咎莫大于欲得。
故知足之足,常足矣。
”提倡“慈爱、俭啬”。
这样的告诫与主张,对今天出现的物欲横流、诚信缺失、道德滑坡、贪污腐败等弊病,仍然有极好的警戒作用。
④中华传统文化蕴藏于流传几千年的经典之中,经史子集就是传统文化的载体。
把古代经典转变为民族文化的基因,就应该认真学习古代经典,准确领会和掌握古代经典中所蕴含的精义,发挥文以化人的教化功能,把它们转化为文化知识,积淀为全民族的文化基因。
一轮复习 专题20 阅读理解 说明文(原卷版)

专题20 阅读理解说明文(原卷版)【母题来源】(2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题)【母题题文1】Computers, smartphones, and other machines are the perfect servants. They always do what they are “told”. We usually “tell” them to do things by using a mouse or keyboard. But what if we could just talk to them normally and tell them what to do?This type of technology, known as voice control or voice recognition (识别), has been shown in films and TV shows since the 1960s. The TV show Star Trek showed some spaceships which could reply to human voice commands (命令). The film 2001: A Space Odyssey showed a computer that human astronauts could talk to. It was mainly used to play chess and repair the astronauts’ spaceship.On the other hand, real-world voice recognition is used for more everyday tasks. For example, Apple and Amazon made two pieces of voice recognition software (软件). They can be asked to do many things, such as setting alarms and playing music and so on.One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we’re on the go. W hen you’re driving a car or walking down the street, it’s not convenient or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. V oice recognition allows you to focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still doing other tasks.Speech recognition software is also helpful to deaf people. It can be used to “listen” to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Some speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate them into another language.4.According to Paragraph 1, how do we usually control machines in daily life?______A.By using body language.B.By talking to them.C.By using a mouse or keyboard.5.When was voice recognition first shown in films and TV shows?______A.In the 1980s. B.In the 1970s. C.In the 1960s.6.How does voice recognition help to keep you safe while driving a car?______A.It helps you to focus on what you are doing.B.It allows you to type on the keyboard more conveniently.C.It can control your car for a short while.7.In the last paragraph, what can we infer about the speech recognition software?______A.It can hear words spoken in English and then translate them into Chinese.B.It can turn text into spoken words for the blind.C.It can help you do anything that you want to do.8.Where do you probably read the passage?______A.In a movie ad.B.In a science magazine.C.In a sports magazine.【母题来源】(2021·辽宁中考真题)【母题题文2】Have you ever heard of “Who knows that each bowl of rice is the fruit of hard toil (苦工)?’’ It tells us not to waste food.As we all know, every bit of food we eat comes from hard work. It’s not easy to turn a seed (种子) into the food you can eat. Recently, to help students better understand this, the No. 4 Middle School in Huzhou, Zhejiang held an activity. Under the hot sun, hundreds of students went to a field to experience farming. With the help of others, they learned how to grow rice and pick vegetables. After the activity, they better understood how hard farming was.Many countries are facing the food-shortage problem now. According to the UN, there are 820 million people living in hunger today. Our country used to face this problem, too. In the 1960s, because there wasn’t much food, many people even died from hunger. In 1973, Yuan L ongping and his team succeeded in the development of hybrid (杂交) rice. They made great progress in solving our food-shortage problem. Many scientists like Yuan are always going out of their way to solve this problem now.When we waste food, we waste not only food but also resources (资源) for growing, transporting and cooking the food. These all take energy, time and water. Wasting food also creates greenhouse gas. So food waste is bad for the environment, too.Please value what you’re eating.9.The poem tells us not to ______.A.throw food B.waste food C.pollute food D.hate food10.Students from Huzhou ______ on the farm.A.sold seeds B.grew vegetablesC.understood each other D.experienced farming11.Chinese people ______ in the 1960s.A.had a hard life B.died from illnessesC.had much food D.ate a new kind of rice12.Saving food is ______ for the environment.A.good B.bad C.safe D.meaningless13.The main idea of this passage is ______.A.how we should save foodB.why we should value foodC.where we can experience farmingD.how we should protect the environment【母题来源】(2021·辽宁中考真题)【母题题文3】What are the cultural differences between China and the West? You might be able to find the answer in Cao Siyu’s comics(漫画). Cao, 32, was born in Beijing, but left home at 20 and has studied and lived in the US, the UK, and France for 12 years. Having seen so many cultures, Cao wanted to use her drawing sills to show the differences she has experienced. So she created the cartoon series Tiny Eyes Comics.“My experience shows that although travel is much easier and faster today, the distance(距离)between cultures hasn’t shortened,” Cao said. She hopes to build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures. One of her cartoons shows water forms in different countries. Three glasses of water are shown. The glass of water from the US has ice; the one from France is full of sparkling water(气泡水); the one from China is steaming(冒热气的).Cao also uses her cartoons to show different ways of thinking and social customs. During the COVID﹣19 pandemic, she used her comics to explain why Chinese people prefer to wear masks while western people don’t. “Her simple pictures have played a big part in reflecting Chineseculture,” Italian magazine Grazia reported.Many foreign readers say that Cao’s comics help them understand China, while Chinese living abroad have felt that they are seen and understood.She said that this voice has been the biggest motivation (动力)for her to keep creating. 24.Cao Siyu shows people the cultural differences by ______.A.living abroad B.creating comicsC.writing for an Italian magazine D.talking about her experience25.Cao’s comic ideas come from her studies and life in ______ countries.A.3 B.12 C.20 D.3226.The underlined word “misunderstandings” means ______.A.融合B.交流C.差异D.误解27.We can infer from the passage that ______ is more popular in China.A.cold water B.ice water C.sparkling water D.hot water28.The best title of the passage is “ ______”.A.Travel is much easier and faster todayB.Comics show us how we are differentC.School life abroad is busy and lonelyD.Different ways of thinking and behaving【母题来源】(2021·广西玉林市·中考真题)【母题题文4】Traditional food such as Guilin Rice Noodles, Snail Rice Noodles, Rolled Rice Noodles(卷筒粉)can be found around most streets of Guangxi, which is in South Central China.The famous snack Snail Rice Noodles is also called luosifen in Chinese. Luosifen is usually sold at roadside stands(路边摊)in night market in Guangxi. It is cooked easily and tastes good! The dish is made up of rice noodles boiled and served in soup made from river snails and pork bones which are cooked for hours.The food was listed as part of Liuzhou’s intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产)in 2008 and became popular after being introduced in the program A bite of China(舌尖上的中国)in 2012.Since then, luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country. Many restaurants have been set up in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong. It is becoming a popular snack at home and abroad. It’s said that 28.4 mi llion bags of luosifen were sold on Taobao last year, becoming the most popular snack in the online market. It was also one of the best-selling foods during COVID-19 outbreak(爆发)in China.Besides the traditional export (出口)markets, including the US, Australia, France, the food has also been sent to new markets such as Singapore and New Zealand.44.What kind of food was NOT mentioned in the article?______A.Lemon Duck. B.Guilin Rice Noodles.C.Snail Rice Noodles. D.Rolled Rice Noodles.45.Luosifen restaurants have developed quickly across the country since the year ______. A.2008 B.2012 C.2019 D.202146.Why was luosifen one of the best-selling foods during COVID-19 outbreak in China? A.Because it could help to fight the COVID-19.B.Because we wouldn’t make luosifen any more.C.Because it could bring good luck to us Chinese.D.Because it was very convenient and delicious.47.Which of the following countries is the new market for selling luosifen according to the article?______A.US. B.Australia. C.France D.New Zealand.【母题来源】(2021·江苏常州市·中考真题)【母题题文5】In modern times, our clothes seem good enough to meet our needs both in color and style. However, are you impatient with washing your clothes so often? Are you tired of the same color? If your answer is “Yes”, let’s meet the fashion in the future.Sun-No-SpotTo clean this shirt, just stand in the sun! A special material on the surface receives UV light from the sun. This heats it up enough to make stains(污渍) missing. You stay cool, but stains disappear! Some stains disappear in minutes — others might take a day.New Fabric SuitAre you sick of holes in your clothes? This new material repairs itself! If this cloth gets a hole, just rub(搓揉) the broken place quickly. Heat from the rubbing will cause the materials to connect with each other again, repairing the hole. Hole? What hole?New Wiggle VigorThis cloth gets a charge(充电) from running around. As you move, the thin wires in the material turn your movement into power. This can charge a computer, an ipad, a hair-dryer, and many other small things that need power.Chameleon ClothTired of the same old look? How about clothes that change colors? This material is made with dyes(染料) that change colors when they get warm. A small battery heats up thin metal threads(金属线) in the cloth, to change colors or forms.57.If your Sun-No-Spot shirt is dirty with stains, what can you do to clean it?______A.Warm it in the sun. B.Rub it quickly.C.Connect it to a computer. D.Change its color.58.If your mobile phone has no power, which one can help you?______A.Sun-No-Spot. B.New Fabric Suit. C.New Wiggle Vigor. D.Chameleon Cloth. 59.Which of the next pictures goes well with Chameleon Cloth?______A.B.C.D.【母题来源】(2021·辽宁鞍山市·中考真题)【母题题文6】In recent years, red tourism(旅游业)has developed quickly and is expected to become more and more popular as the nation celebrates the 100th anniversary(周年纪念日)of the Communist Party ofChina(CPC)(中国共产党). And people’s hopes of learning and experiencing revolutionary(革命的)history and culture have become stronger.From 2004 to 2019, national red tourism resources(资源)continued to increase and tourists visited an increasing number of revolutionary cultural relics(文物). The number of such trips made by people increased from 140 million to 1.4 billion(十亿)over the same period and more and more people go to these red tourism areas, such as Yan’an in Shanxi Province.In Pingshan, Hebei Province, where Xibaipo is located(位于), people have depended on red tourism to develop farmhouses, gardens and tourist shops. This has helped to provide jobs for more than 80,000 local people.Red tourism has not only met people’s travel needs but also their strong wishes for knowledge on revolutionary traditions. This has led to the economic(经济上的)development of old revolutionary areas. As the 100th anniversary of the CPC is coming, the Ministry(部)of Culture and Tourism will further develop red tourism and provide people with better products and services based on Party history education. Protection of revolutionary relics will also become stronger.74.The Communist Party of China was founded(建立)______.A.in 1911 B.in 1921 C.in 1931 D.in 194975.Xibaipo is located in ______.A.Hebei Province B.Hubei Province C.Henan Province D.Shanxi Province 76.Traveling to old revolutionary areas has led to the ______ of these areas.A.development of science B.development of artC.environmental protection D.economic development77.As the 100th anniversary of the CPC is coming, better products and services based on ______ will be provided.A.ancient history B.modern art C.cultural relics D.Party history education 78.The best title of the passage can be “______.”A.Tourist Shops B.Farmhouses C.Red Tourism D.Beautiful Gardens【考试方向】"英语说明文",顾名思义,就是一种以"说明、解释"为主要表达方式的英语文体。
专题20文言文阅读(一)(原卷版)

专题20 文言文阅读(一)(题型:课内阅读、课外阅读、对比阅读)题型一课内阅读一、(2022·山东济南·模拟预测)阅读下面的文段,完成下面小题。
出师表(诸葛亮)先帝创业未半而中道崩殂,今天下三分,益州疲弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也。
然侍卫之臣不懈于内,忠志之士忘身于外者,盖追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下也。
诚宜开张圣听,以光先帝遗德,恢弘志士之气,不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。
宫中府中,俱为一体,陟罚臧否,不宜异同,若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理,不宜偏私,使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下,愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益。
将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督,愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所。
亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。
先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。
侍中、尚书、长史、参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。
1.下列加点词解释有误..的一项是()。
A.未尝不叹息痛恨..于桓、灵也痛恨:痛心、遗憾B.躬.耕于南阳躬:亲自C.先帝不以臣卑鄙..卑鄙:不道德D.由是感激..感激:感奋激发2.下列各项中加点词的意义和用法相同..的一项是()。
A.此悉贞良死节之.臣辍耕之.垄上B.可计日而.待也面山而.居C.苟全性命于.乱世所欲有甚于.生者D.咨臣以.当世之事以.其境过清3.下列对选文理解与分析有误..的一项是()。
A.选文中诸葛亮颇具政治远见,向后主刘禅指出了当前天下三分的形势,蜀国面临一点有利条件也没有,以此警告刘禅用心管理政治。
B.选文中诸葛亮向后主刘禅提出了三条建议,分别是广开言路、严明赏罚和亲贤远佞,其中最核心的是亲贤远佞。
专题20 《陈情表》-备战2019年高考高三语文预热文言文梳理(原卷版)

备战2019高考高三预热梳理课本之文言文(二十)学习目标:1.熟悉课文能对文章进行断句2.能正确解释一些文言实词在文中的意思3.能辨析重点的文言虚词的意义和用法4.能解释文中出现的不同于现代汉语的用法和句式5.能正确翻译文中的句子6.能判断文中相关的文化常识的正误。
学习过程:一、基础梳理。
臣密言:臣以险衅夙遭闵凶生孩六月慈父见背;行年四岁舅夺母志祖母刘悯臣孤弱躬亲抚养臣少多疾病九岁不行零丁孤苦至于成立既无伯叔终鲜兄弟门衰祚薄晚有儿息外无期功强近之亲内无应门五尺之僮茕茕孑立形影相吊而刘夙婴疾病常在床蓐臣侍汤药未曾废离逮奉圣朝沐浴清化前太守臣逵察臣孝廉后刺史臣荣举臣秀才臣以供养无主辞不赴命诏书特下拜臣郎中寻蒙国恩除臣洗马猥以微贱当侍东宫非臣陨首所能上报臣具以表闻辞不就职诏书切峻责臣逋慢郡县逼迫催臣上道;州司临门急于星火臣欲奉诏奔驰则刘病日笃;欲苟顺私情则告诉不许:臣之进退实为狼狈伏惟圣朝以孝治天下凡在故老犹蒙矜育况臣孤苦特为尤甚且臣少仕伪朝历职郎署本图宦达不矜名节今臣亡国贱俘至微至陋过蒙拔擢宠命优渥岂敢盘桓有所希冀但以刘日薄西山气息奄奄人命危浅朝不虑夕臣无祖母无以至今日祖母无臣无以终余年母、孙二人更相为命是以区区不能废远臣密今年四十有四祖母刘今年九十有六是臣尽节于陛下之日长报养刘之日短也乌鸟私情愿乞终养臣之辛苦非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知皇天后土实所共鉴愿陛下矜悯愚诚听臣微志庶刘侥幸保卒余年臣生当陨首死当结草臣不胜犬马怖惧之情谨拜表以闻1.下列各组中加点的词的意义和用法相同的一项是()A.慈父见.背曹刿请见.B.日薄.西山不薄.今人爱古人C.寻.蒙国恩闻之,欣然规往,未果,寻.病终D.是以区区..不能废远然秦以区区..之地2.下列各项中对加点词语的解释不正确的一组是(3分)()A.既无伯叔,终鲜.兄弟鲜:少B.门衰祚.薄,晚有儿息祚:福分C.外无期.功强近之亲期:期望D.茕茕孑立,形影相吊.吊:安慰3.下列各项中对加点词语的解释不正确的一组是(3分)()A.而刘夙婴.疾病,常在床蓐婴:绕B.逮.奉圣朝,沐浴清化逮:趁着C.后刺史臣荣,举.臣秀才举:举荐D.诏书特.下,拜臣郎中特:特意4.、下列各项中对加点词语的解释不正确的一组是(3分)()A.寻.蒙国恩寻:不久B.除.臣洗马除:授予官职C.猥以微.贱微:卑贱D.当.侍东宫当:应当5.下列各项中对加点词语的解释不正确的一组是(3分)()A.臣具.以表闻,辞不就职具:准备B.诏书切峻,责臣逋.慢逋:逃脱C.凡在故老,犹蒙矜.育矜:怜惜D.臣欲奉诏奔驰,则以刘病日笃.笃:病重6.下列各项中对加点词语的解释不正确的一组是(3分)()A.乌鸟私情,愿乞终养乞:请求B.非独蜀之人士,及二州牧伯,所见明知独:只C.皇天后土,实所共鉴鉴:借鉴D.愿陛下矜愍愚诚,听臣微志听:准许7.下列句子中不含通假字的一项是()A.零丁孤苦,至于成立B.诏书切峻,责臣逋慢C.吾令人望其气……成五采D.夙遭闵凶8.下列句中不含古今异义词的一项是()A.臣少多疾病,九岁不行B.不胜犬马怖惧之情C.刘夙婴疾病D.祖母刘悯臣孤弱,躬亲抚养9.下列加点虚词意义和用法相同的一项是()A.而.刘夙婴疾病拔剑撞而.破之B.臣以.险衅,夙遭闵凶猥以.微贱,当侍东宫C.臣不胜犬马怖惧之.情臣之.进退,实为狼狈D.州司临门,急于.星火零丁孤苦,至于.成立10.下列句子中加点的词与句子“刘病日笃”中的“日”字用法不同的一项是()A.谨拜表.以闻B.非臣陨首所能上.报C.外.无期功强近之亲D.内.无应门五尺之僮11.下列语句中加点的词语,活用类型不相同的一组是()A.①且臣少仕.伪朝,历职郎署②虽然,犹有未树.也B.①非臣陨首所能上.报②雄州雾列,俊采星.驰C.①臣具以表闻.②屈.贾谊于长沙D.①是以区区不能废远.②宾主尽东南之美.12.请以“/”为文中的句子断句。
2020版语文部编版七年级古诗词专题20《游山西村》诗文鉴赏及考点揭秘(原卷版)

专题20《游山西村》诗文鉴赏及考点揭秘【知识储备】一、导入提起文人,就使人想起肩不能挑、手不能提的文弱书生。
然而在南宋有这样一个人,他既是文人之中的佼佼者,又有非凡的武艺。
他是谁呢?他就是——陆游。
今天,我们要一起学习他的一首诗歌——《游山西村》。
二、目标1、了解有关陆游的常识及相关写作背景。
2、理解诗句含义。
3、体会诗中蕴涵的哲理,面对人生中的困境能树立信心,树立积极乐观的人生态度。
三、原文游山西村陆游莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚。
山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。
箫鼓追随春社近,衣冠简朴古风存。
从今若许闲乘月,拄杖无时夜叩门。
四、注释《游山西村》:选自《剑南诗稿校注》卷一。
山西村:三山乡西边的村落。
腊酒浑:腊月所酿的酒,称为“腊酒”。
浑,浑浊。
酒以清为贵。
足鸡豚:指菜肴丰足。
豚,小猪,诗中指猪肉。
山重水复:指山峦重迭,水流盘曲。
柳暗花明:柳色深绿,花色红艳。
也比喻在困难中遇到转机。
春社:古代立春后第五个戊日,祭社公(土地神),祈求丰收。
古风存:保留着淳朴古代风俗。
闲乘月:趁着月明来闲游。
无时:没有固定的时间,即随时。
五、诗意不要笑农家腊月里酿的酒浊又浑,在丰收年景里待客菜肴非常丰繁。
山峦重叠水流曲折正担心无路可走,柳绿花艳忽然眼前又出现一个山村。
将近社日,村里忙着迎神赛会,一路上迎神的箫鼓声随处可闻。
村民们衣冠简朴古代风气仍然保存。
今后如果还能乘大好月色出外闲游,我一定拄着拐杖随时来敲你的家门。
六、赏析莫笑农家腊酒浑,丰年留客足鸡豚。
首联渲染出丰收之年农村一片宁静,欢跃的情景。
这两句是说农家酒味虽薄,而待客情意却十分深厚。
“足”字表达了农家款客尽其所有的盛情;“莫笑”二字,道出了诗人对农村淳朴民风的赞赏。
山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。
颔联写山间水畔的景色,写景中富含哲理,千百年来广泛被人引用。
这里描写的是诗人置身山阴道上,信步而行,疑若无路,忽而又开朗的情景。
不仅反映了诗人对前途所抱的希望,也道出了世间事物消长变化的哲理,体现了宋诗特有的理趣。
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专题20阅读理解题
考纲要求:
阅读理解类问题是近几年中考的新题型,主要目的是考查学生通过阅读,学习新的知识、感悟数学思想和方法.它能较好地体现知识的形式、发展的过程.要求学生理解问题,并对其本质进行概括及迁移发展.
基础知识回顾:
阅读题共有三类:(1)图文型(用文字和图形相结合展示条件和问题);(2)表文型(用文字和表格相结合的形式展示条件和问题);(3)改错型.无论哪种类型,其解题步骤分为三步:(1)快速阅读,把握大意;(2)仔细阅读,提炼信息或方法;(3)总结方法,建立解决问题的模式.应用举例:
类型一、新概念问题:
【例1】对于实数a,b,定义运算“◎”如下:a◎b=(a+b)2﹣(a﹣b)2.若(m+2)◎(m ﹣3)=24,则m=____________.
【例2】在平面直角坐标系中,任意两点A (x 1,y1),B (x2,y2)规定运算:①A B=( x1+ x2, y1+ y
);②A B= x1 x2+y1 y2③当x1= x2且y1= y2时A=B有下列四个命题:
2
(1)若A(1,2),B(2,–1),则A B=(3,1),A B=0;
(2)若A B=B C,则A=C;(3)若A B=B C,则A=C;
(4)对任意点A、B、C,均有(A B )C=A ( B C )成立.其中正确命题的个数为()
A. 1个
B. 2个
C. 3个
D.4个
类型二、图表问题:
【例3】在一个三角形中,如果一个角是另一个角的2倍,我们称这种三角形为倍角三角形.如图1,倍角△ABC中,∠A=2∠B,∠A、∠B、∠C的对边分别记为a,b,c,倍角三角形的三边a,b,c有什么关系呢?让我们一起来探索.
(1)我们先从特殊的倍角三角形入手研究.请你结合图形填空:
三三角形角形角的已知量
图2 ∠A=2∠B=90°
图3 ∠A=2∠B=60°
(2)如图4,对于一般的倍角△ABC,若∠CAB=2∠CBA,∠CAB、∠CBA、∠C的对边分别记为a,b,c,a,b,c,三边有什么关系呢?请你作出猜测,并结合图4给出的辅助线提示加以证明;
(3)请你运用(2)中的结论解决下列问题:若一个倍角三角形的两边长为5,6,求第三边长.(直接写出结论即可)
类型三、材料阅读题:
【例4】阅读下列材料:小明为了计算1+2+22+…+22017+22018的值,采用以下方法:设S=1+2+22+…+22017+22018①
则2S=2+22+…+22018+22019②
②﹣①得2S﹣S=S=22019﹣1
∴S=1+2+22+…+22017+22018=22019﹣1
请仿照小明的方法解决以下问题:
(1)1+2+22+…+29=_________;
(2)3+32+…+310=__________;
(3)求1+a+a2+…+a n的和(a>0,n是正整数,请写出计算过程).
方法、规律归纳:
1.新概念问题:结合具体的问题情境,解决关于新定义的计算、猜想等问题.
2.图表问题:结合统计、方程思想解决相关的图表问题.
3.材料阅读题:根据所给的材料,解决相关的问题.
实战演练:
1.古希腊几何学家海伦和我国宋代数学家秦九韶都曾提出利用三角形的三边求面积的公式,称为海伦﹣秦九韶公式:如果一个三角形的三边长分别是a,b,c,记p=,那么三角形的面积为S=.如图,在△ABC中,∠A,∠B,∠C所对的边分别记为a,b,c,若a=5,b=6,c=7,则△ABC的面积为( )
A.6B.6C.18 D.
2.七巧板是我国祖先的一项卓越创造,被誉为“东方魔板”.由边长为4的正方形ABCD可以制作一副如图1所示的七巧板,现将这副七巧板在正方形EFGH内拼成如图2所示的“拼搏兔”造型(其中点Q、R分别与图2中的点E、G重合,点P在边EH上),则“拼搏兔”所在正方形EFGH的边长是________.
3. 已知x>0,现规定符号[x]表示大于或等于x的最小整数,如[0.5]=1,[
4.3]=5,[6]=6……
(1)填空:
1
3
⎡⎤
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
=__ __,[8.05]=__ __;若[x]=5,则x的取值范围是.
(2)某市的出租车收费标准如下:3 km以内(包括3 km)收费5元,超过3 km的,每超过1 km,加收1.2元(不足1 km按1 km计算).用x表示所行的路程(单位:km),y表示行x(km)应付的乘车费(单位:元),则乘车费可按如下的公式计算:
当0<x≤3时,y=5;
当x>3时,y=5+1.2([x]-3).
某乘客乘出租车后付费18.2元,求该乘客所乘路程的取值范围.
4.如图,约定:上方相邻两数之和等于这两数下方箭头共同指向的数.
示例:即4+3=7
则(1)用含x的式子表示m=;
(2)当y=﹣2时,n的值为.
5.阅读以下材料:
对数的创始人是苏格兰数学家纳皮尔(J.Nplcr,1550﹣1617年),纳皮尔发明对数是在指数书写方式之前,直到18世纪瑞士数学家欧拉(Evlcr,1707﹣1783年)才发现指数与对数之间的联系.
对数的定义:一般地,若a x=N(a>0且a≠1),那么x叫做以a为底N的对数,记作x=
log
a N,比如指数式24=16可以转化为对数式4=log
2
16,对数式2=log525,可以转化为指
数式52=25.
我们根据对数的定义可得到对数的一个性质:
log
a
(M•N)=log a M+log a N(a>0,a≠1,M>0,N>0),理由如下:设log a M=m,log a N=n,则M=a m,N=a n,
∴M•N=a m•a n=a m+n,由对数的定义得m+n=log a(M•N)
又∵m+n=log a M+log a N
∴log a(M•N)=log a M+log a N
根据阅读材料,解决以下问题:
(1)将指数式34=81转化为对数式;
(2)求证:log a=log a M﹣log a N(a>0,a≠1,M>0,N>0)(3)拓展运用:计算log69+log68﹣log62=.
6.【定义】配方法是指将一个式子或一个式子的某一部分通过恒等变形华为完全平方式或几个完全平方式的和,这种方法称之为配方法.例如:可将多项式2x2x3
++通过恒等变形化为
()2
22
++=+++=++的形式,这个变形过程中应用了配方法.
x2x3x2x12x12
【理解】对于多项式2x4x5
-+,当x=时,它的最小值为 .
【应用】若22
++++=,求a b的值.
a2ab2b4b40
【拓展】a、b、c是△ABC的三边,且有22
+=+-.
a b4a10b29
(1)若c为整数,求c的值.
(2)若△ABC是等腰三角形,直接写出这个三角形的周长.
7.如果函数y=f(x)满足:对于自变量x的取值范围内的任意x1,x2,
(1)若x1<x2,都有f(x1)<f(x2),则称f(x)是增函数;
(2)若x1<x2,都有f(x1)>f(x2),则称f(x)是减函数.
例题:证明函数f(x)=(x>0)是减函数.
证明:设0<x1<x2,
f(x1)﹣f(x2)=﹣==.
∵0<x1<x2,∴x2﹣x1>0,x1x2>0.
∴>0.即f(x1)﹣f(x2)>0.
∴f(x1)>f(x2).∴函数f(x)═(x>0)是减函数.
根据以上材料,解答下面的问题:
已知函数f(x)=+x(x<0),
f(﹣1)=+(﹣1)=0,f(﹣2)=+(﹣2)=﹣
(1)计算:f(﹣3)=________,f(﹣4)=________;
(2)猜想:函数f(x)=+x(x<0)是_______函数(填“增”或“减”);
(3)请仿照例题证明你的猜想.
8.规定:如果一个四边形有一组对边平行,一组邻边相等,那么称此四边形为广义菱形.根据规定判断下面四个结论:①正方形和菱形都是广义菱形;②平行四边形是广义菱形;③对角线互相垂直,且两组邻边分别相等的四边形是广义菱形;④若M、N的坐标分别为(0,1),(0,﹣1),P是二次函数y=x2的图象上在第一象限内的任意一点,PQ垂直直线y=﹣1于点Q,则四边形PMNQ是广义菱形.其中正确的是________.(填序号)
9.定义:有三个内角相等的四边形叫三等角四边形.
(1)三等角四边形ABCD中,∠A=∠B=∠C,求∠A的取值范围;
(2)如图,折叠平行四边形纸片DEBF,使顶点E,F分别落在边BE,BF上的点A,C处,折痕分别为DG,DH.求证:四边形ABCD是三等角四边形.
10.(1)阅读理解
如图,点A,B在反比例函数y=的图象上,连接AB,取线段AB的中点C.分别过点A,C,B作x轴的垂线,垂足为E,F,G,CF交反比例函数y=的图象于点D.点E,F,G的横坐标分别为n﹣1,n,n+1(n>1).
小红通过观察反比例函数y=的图象,并运用几何知识得出结论:
AE+BG=2CF,CF>DF
由此得出一个关于,,,之间数量关系的命题:
若n>1,则____________.
(2)证明命题
小东认为:可以通过“若a﹣b≥0,则a≥b”的思路证明上述命题.
小晴认为:可以通过“若a>0,b>0,且a÷b≥1,则a≥b”的思路证明上述命题.请你选择一种方法证明(1)中的命题.。