英语系表结构
中学英语主系表结构
中学英语主系表结构用法主语+系动词+表语(1) 状态系动词：只有be一词。
如：She is always like that. 她总是那样。
I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。
These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小。
动词be，若是用于进行时态或者被动语态，则不是系动词，而是助动词。
I am playing basketball.He is hit by one brick.(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。
如：I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。
We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。
Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。
He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。
(3) 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。
如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。
The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。
He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。
He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃惊。
She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。
(4) 感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。
1.主系表结构
1.主系表结构主系表结构一 . 何谓主系表结构：所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
1. 主语（Subject ）：主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是谁或是什么，其位置一般放在句首。
英语中主语一般不省略。
主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。
例如：Li Lei is a Chinese boy. （ Li Lei 是名词，作主语。
）He is from England. （ He 是代词，作主语。
）Feeding the birds is my hobby. （“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语，作主语。
）What she said is right. （“ What she said ”是从句，作主语。
）2. 系动词（Link verb ）：系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。
简单地说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。
目前学到的系动词有 be ， feel ， look ， sound ， taste ， smell 等。
例如：This flower is beautiful.I felt very tired.You look worried.It tastes delicious.3. 表语（ Predicative ）：表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。
表语位于系动词之后，主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）或动名词（短语）不定式短语等来充当。
例如：I am fine . （ fine 是形容词，作表语）He is a boy . （ boy 是名词，作表语）Five plus two is seven . （ seven 是数词，作表语）We are here . （ here 是副词，作表语）He is not at home . （“ at home ”是介词短语，作表语）My hobby is reading . （ reading 是动名词，作表语）二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况（一）否定形式：1. 主语＋ be （ is ， am ， are ） not ＋表语。
英语系表结构
英语系表结构
英语系表结构通常包括以下几个部分：
1. 学校名称：表明所属学校的名称。
2. 课程名称：列出英语系的主要课程名称，例如英语写作、口语表达、阅读理解等。
3. 课程编号：每个课程都有独特的编号，用于区分各个课程。
4. 授课教师：列出每门课程的授课教师的姓名。
5. 学分：每门课程的学分数，用于衡量学生在该课程上的学习量。
6. 上课时间：列出每门课程的上课时间和地点。
7. 先修课程：一些特定课程可能需要先修其他课程才能选修。
8. 课程简介：对每门课程的内容和学习目标进行简要介绍。
9. 课程评估：列出每门课程的评估方式和标准，例如考试、作业、论文等。
这些信息通常以表格形式呈现，方便学生浏览和选择适合自己的课程。
不同学校和学院可能会有略微不同的表结构和内容，但一般都会包含上述要素。
英语主系表结构讲解
Unit 1 语法
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202X
主系表结构是由主语+系动词+表语(S+V +P)组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，状态，身份等。 P一般是形容词或名词，V是系动词 E.g. The report sounds interesting. 这则消息听起来很有趣 The desk feels hard． 书桌摸起来很硬。
返回
表示变化的
1.---You don't look very ___. Are you ill? --- No,I'm just a bit tired. A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy 2. These oranges taste _____ . A.good B. well 3. Traveling is ______, and I am ______ in it. ( A. interesting B. interested )
常见的系动词
感官动词类:
You don’t look very well. 你看起来不是特别好 The roses smell sweet. 玫瑰花闻起来很香 How sweet the music sounds! 这首乐曲听起来很好听
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01
02
表示状态延续的
Children, keep quiet please. 孩子们，请保持安静
B
4.. It is ______ of you to act ______ . ( A. bad B. badly )
单选
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
4.The little hero looked ______ at the enemy.
常见的系表结构
常见的系表结构常见的系表结构是一种句子结构，在英语语法中占据重要地位。
这种结构由系动词（linking verb）和表语（predicate）组成，并用来描述或说明主语的状态、性质或身份。
一、系动词的特点系动词是一种连接主语和表语的动词。
它并不表示动作或者行为，而是用来表达状态、性质、身份等信息。
常见的系动词包括be、seem、appear、become等。
在句子中，系动词紧跟在主语后面，它的存在使得句子更加完整和准确。
例如：1. She is a teacher.（她是一名教师。
）2. The flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。
）3. The food tastes delicious.（这道菜尝起来很美味。
）二、常见的表语类型表语是一个名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词或从句等，它对主语进行补充说明或描述。
1. 名词作表语当名词作为表语时，它可以表达主语的身份、职业、状态等。
例如：1) She is a doctor.（她是一名医生。
）2) He became the president.（他成为了总统。
）2. 形容词作表语形容词作为表语时，它可以用来描述主语的特征、性质等。
例如：1) He seems tired.（他看起来很疲倦。
）2) The flowers are beautiful.（这些花很美。
）3. 副词作表语副词作为表语时，它可以用来描述主语的状态、程度等。
例如：1) The food tastes delicious.（这道菜尝起来很美味。
）2) The water feels cold.（水摸起来很冷。
）4. 介词短语作表语介词短语作为表语时，它通常表示主语所处的位置、状态等。
例如：1) He is in the classroom.（他在教室里。
）2) The book is on the table.（书在桌子上。
）5. 不定式作表语不定式作为表语时，它可以用来表达主语的目的、意愿等。
英语主系表结构
五种基本句型——主系表结构之杨若古兰创作主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的.从地位上来看，主语普通在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”.从意义上理解，主语普通是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的.主语普通是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且具体讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系感化的动词，是连接主语和表语的.系动词的数量是无限的，罕见的只要十来个，我们把它们分成四组，如许有助于我们记忆系动词：一、 be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were二、暗示变更类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四、暗示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep表语从地位上来讲，它老是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词.二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的.表语通常是由描述词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当.上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标记，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，是以，记住系动词非常主要.练习找出上面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的.1 Tom is a student.2 He is fat.3 I am tired .4 We are students.5 The bag was lost .6 The boy was foolish .7 They were kind.8 She is in the room.9 The books are on the desk.10 Snow is white.11 Kate was here yesterday.12 My father became a teacher in 1978.13 The weather gets hot in summer.14 She looks beautiful.15 The flower smells good.16 We were very happy.17 You are right.18 The soup tastes delicious.19 The chair is yours.20 The children are asleep.21 The story is interesting.22 He feels better today.23 The leaf turns green.24 I stayed awake all the night.25 The weather still remained cold in April.26 The little girl is six.27 My work is to look after the baby.28 His job is taking care of the patient.29 The girl is very pretty.30 He went mad.31 Please don’t get angry.32 The weather is getting colder and colder.33 You look angry.34 She looks like her mother.35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?36 Those roses smell beautiful.37 This tastes nice. What’s in it?38 Do you feel happy?39 He remained silent.40 The weather is going to stay fine.41 M y job is teaching English．42 She is at home．43 I feel terrible．44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老.45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感爱好.46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来风趣.47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬.48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很喷鼻.49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来喷鼻甜.50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比之前高了.51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了.52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看.53 He becomes a teacher .．他当了教师.54 He looks well.他面色好.55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.56 I feel good.我感觉好.57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.58 He became a teacher at last.59 His face turned red.60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher? 他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？练习答案找出上面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的.1 Tom is a student. 汤姆是一个先生.Tom主语，名词 a student表语名词2 He is fat. 他很胖.He主语，代词 fat表语，描述词3 I am tired .我累了I 主语，代词 tired表语，描述词4 We are students.我们是先生.We 主语，代词 students表语，名词5 The bag was lost.包丢了.The bag 主语，名词 lost丢，描述词，表语6 The boy is foolish.这男孩是笨拙的.The boy主语，名词foolish笨拙的，描述词，表语7 They were kind.他们很亲切.They主语，代词 kind.亲切的，和蔼的，描述词，表语8 She is in the room.她在屋里.She 主语，代词 in the room.在屋里，介词短语，表语9 The books are on the desk.书在桌子上.The books 主语，名词 on the desk.在桌子上，介词短语，表语10 Snow is white.雪是白色的.Snow 主语，名词 white白色的，描述词，表语11 Kate was here yesterday.凯特昨天在这.Kate主语，名词 here 代词，表语 yesterday时间状语12 My father became a teacher in 1978.我爸爸在1978年成为一位教师.My father 主语，名词 a teacher名词，表语 in 1978.时间状语13 The weather gets hot in summer.炎天，天气变热了.The weather主语，名词 hot 描述词表语in summer时间状语14 She looks beautiful.她看起来很漂亮.She 主语，代词 beautiful表语，描述词15 The flower smells good.花闻起来很喷鼻.The flower 主语，名词 good描述词，表语16 We were very happy.我们很高兴.We 主语，代词 very happy表语，描述词17 You are right.你对了.You主语，代词 right描述词，表语18 The soup tastes delicious.汤尝起来美味.The soup主语，名词delicious美味的，描述词，表语19 The chair is yours.椅子是你的.The chair 主语，名词yours表语，物主代词20 The children are asleep.孩子们睡着了.The children主语，名词 asleep表语，描述词21 The story is interesting.这故事挺风趣.The story 主语，名词 interesting描述词，表语22 He feels better today.他今天感觉不错.He 主语，代词 better 描述词，表语today时间状语23 The leaf turns green. 树叶变绿了.The leaf 主语，名词green表语，描述词24 I stayed awake all the night.我整夜没睡.I 主语，代词 awake 描述词，表语all the night时间状语25 The weather still remained cold in April.四月份天气在仍很冷.The weather 主语，名词 cold 描述词，口号in April时间状语26 The little girl is six.这小女孩六岁了.The little girl主语，名词six数词，表语27 My work is to look after the baby.我的工作是照看小孩.My work 主语，名词 to look after the baby动词不定式短语做表语28 His job is taking care of the patient.他的工作是赐顾帮衬病人.His job 主语，名词 taking care of the patient动名词短语做表语29 The girl is very pretty.这女孩很漂亮.The girl主语，名词very pretty.描述词，表语30 He went mad.他疯了.He 主语，代词 mad描述词，表语31 Please don’t get angry.请不要生气.祈使句，缺少主语，get做系动词，后边的做表语32 The weather is getting colder and colder.天变的愈来愈冷了，The weather 主语，名词 colder and colder描述词短语做表语，描述词比较级and描述词比较级暗示一个渐变的过程.33 You look angry.你生气了.You 主语，代词 angry描述词，表语34 She looks like her mother.她看起来象她妈妈.She 主语，名词her mother名词，表语35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?你看起来不高兴，怎样了.You 主语，名词 unhappy描述词，表语36 Those roses smell good.这些玫瑰花闻气来很喷鼻 .Those roses主语，名词 good描述词，表语37 This tastes nice. What’s in it? 这东西尝起来不错，它里边包的什么？This 代词，主语 nice描述词，表语38 Do you feel happy? 感觉快乐么.Do you feel happy? 普通疑问句，do助动词提前，you主语，代词，happy描述词，表语39 He remained silent.他坚持沉默.He 主语，代词 silent描述词，表语40 The weather is going to stay fine.天气将持续晴朗.The weather 主语，名词 fine描述词，表语41 M y job is teaching English．我的工作是教英语.M y job 主语，名词 English名词，表语42 She is at home．她在家呢.She 主语，代词 at home介词短语做表语43 I feel terrible．我感觉很可怕.I 主语，代词 terrible描述词，表语44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老.He 主语，代词 older than he looks表语，描述词短语45 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感爱好. He 主语，代词 the book名词，表语46 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来风趣.The story 主语，名词 interesting描述词，表语47 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬.The desk 主语，名词 hard描述词，表语48 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很喷鼻.The cake名词，主语 nice描述词，表语49 The flowers smell sweet and nice．花闻起来喷鼻甜.The flowers主语，名词 sweet and nice并列描述词做表语50 You have grown taller than before．你长得比之前高了. You 主语，代词taller than before描述词短语做表语51 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了.He主语，代词 ill描述词做表语52 He stood quite still．他静静地站看.He主语，代词 still描述词做表语53 He becomes a teacher ．他当了教师.He主语，代词 a teacher名词做表语54 He looks well.他面色好.He主语，代词 well描述词做表语55 It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.It主语，代词 nice描述词做表语56 I feel good.我感觉好.I主语，代词 good描述词做表语57 The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.The egg主语，名词 bad描述词做表语58 He became a teacher at last.他终极成了一位教师.He主语，代词 a teacher名词做表语59 His face turned red.他的脸变红了.His face名词做主语 red描述词做表语60 Is he an English teacher, Chinese teacher or Japanese teacher?他是一个英语、汉语还是日语老师？普通疑问句式，He主语，代词 an English teacher名词做表语。
初中英语 主系表结构梳理
主系表结构1 状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词（1）Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词做表语)（2）The machine is out of order. (介词短语做表语)（3）The television was on.(副词做表语)（4）His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)（5）My job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)（6）The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)2 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度（1）The door remained closed.(过去分词做表语,remain意为“仍然”处于某种状态)The teacher asked the twelfth of us to remain after school.(vi 留下；剩下)（2）The shop stays open till seven o'clock.(stay 意为“保持某种状态”)I stayed at a hotel in New York.（stay 是不及物动词，留下，逗留，暂住）（3）The book lies open on the table.The snow lies thick on the ground.(“表示所处状态”)I am lying on the bed. India lies to the south of China.(躺；位于)（4）How do things stand at the moment? Stand still!(情况如何，处于某种状态)Stand up, please!（5）With the wind it’s so difficult to keep warm.(如：keep warm, keep safe, keep silent, keep dry)We are going to keep the house in Beijing and rent it out.(保留)3 表象系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有：(1) Anna does not seem sure.It seems that someone left the building unlocked last night.(2) Lucy appears upset. Lily appears calm.(3) How do I look in this dress?You look like one million dollars.You look as if you have not slept all night.4 感官系动词（1） Your hands feel cold(“摸起来有某种感觉”)The doctor feels my belly( 触摸)（2）Your story sounds interesting(“听起来”)He sounds the bell loudly(敲响)（3）The milk tastes sour.(“吃或喝起来…..”)taste some of this cake.(“尝”)（4）That soup smells delicious.(smell good, nice, spicy)We must clean the bird cage –it is starting to smell.5 变化系动词表示主语变成什么样子（1）Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. He has gone blind.go 意为“变为”多跟形容词，变化通常是由好变坏。
英语主系表结构
英语主系表结构五种基本句型——主系表结构主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。
从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”。
从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的。
主语一般是名词或代词（当然还有其他，这里暂且详细讨论）系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。
系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep表语从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。
二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。
表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。
上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。
练习找出下面句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是由什么词性或词类来充当的。
1 Tom is a student.2 He is fat.3 I am tired .4 We are students.5 The bag was lost .6 The boy was foolish .7 They were kind.8 She is in the room.9 The books are on the desk.10 Snow is white.11 Kate was here yesterday.12 My father became a teacher in 1978.13 The weather gets hot in summer.14 She looks beautiful.15 The flower smells good.16 We were very happy.17 You are right.18 The soup tastes delicious.19 The chair is yours.20 The children are asleep.21 The story is interesting.22 He feels better today.23 The leaf turns green.24 I stayed awake all the night.25 The weather still remained cold in April.26 The little girl is six.27 My work is to look after the baby.28 His job is taking care of the patient.29 The girl is very pretty.30 He went mad.31 Please don’t get angry.32 The weather is getting colder and colder.33 You look angry.34 She looks like her mother.35 You look unhappy, what’s the matter?36 Those roses smell beautiful.37 This tastes nice. What’s in it?38 Do you feel happy?39 He remained silent.40 The weather is going to stay fine.41 M y job is teaching English．42 She is at home．43 I feel terrible．44 He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
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系表结构有两部分构成：连系动词和表语
一 连系动词：
连系动词分为三类：be 动词，感官动词，趋势动词。
1) Be 动词：am, is, are, was, were
2) 感官动词：sound, look, taste, feel, smell
3) 趋势动词：appear, become, grow, get, turn, seem, remain
注意：
有一些动词既可以做连系动词又可以作及物动词和不及物动词。
He is growing very fast. ---不及物动词
I am growing apples in my backyard.---及物动词
The sea is growing rough.---连系动词
He is tasting the food.--- 及物动词
The food tastes good.--- 连系动词
二 表语：
下列成分都可以做表语：名词， 形容词，副词， 动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，表语从句．
使用举例(注意：连系动词不能够单独作谓语，他们必须和表语一起工作构成谓语):
1) 名词:
False： I am.
Right： I am a student.
2) 形容词：
False： He became.
Right： He became strong.
3) 副词：
False： She remained.
Right： She remained there.
4) 现在分词：
False： The story seemed.
Right: The story seemed interesting.
5) 过去分词：
False： The windows seemed.
Right: The windows seemed broken.
6) 动名词：
False： His job is teach English.
Right: His job is teaching English.
7) 动词不定式：
False： Her plan is become the winner in the game.
Right: Her plan is to become the winner in the game.
6）和7）的区别：
6）中动名词表示某人经常干某事：她从星期一到星期五天天教英语；7）中动词不定式表示某人将要干某事：她的计划是将要成为比赛的胜者。
8) 表语从句：
False：The question is.
Right: The question is whether he will come here in time tomorrow.
Right: The question is what he is going to do next.
Right: The question is how he has managed to solve the problem by himself.。