现代大学英语精读4第二版Unit1-2
▪ all over again : repeated 再来一遍、重新开始 ▪ I'll have to write it all over again.
a grade-one thinker. Judging by the context, this system
probably refers to one’s world outlook世界观and basic political
beliefs and moral principles. ▪ Come up with: 追赶上；比得上；想出；准备好（钱等） ▪ He could always come up with a reason for them to stay
▪ 52. It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. (Para. 32)
Structure
▪ I. Introduction: There are three kinds of thinking and I myself could not think at all.(para.1)
▪ II. The three grades of thinking(paras.2-32)
He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of people. 交 往甚广
▪ 53. Had the game gone too far? In those prewar days, I stood to lose a great deal, for the sake of a hobby.
▪ 54. Now you are expecting me to describe how I saw the folly of my ways and came back to the warm nest… (para.34)
▪ --Now you think I will tell you how I gradually saw my stupidity in being a grade-one thinker and therefore decided to give it up and return to the majority of grade-three thinkers.
▪ Acquaintance
▪ n. a. a person whom one knows (CN) ▪ b. knowledge or information about something or someone
(UN) ▪ n. acquaintanceship ▪ v. acquaint: To come to know personally; to make familiar;
▪ 我得从头再写一遍。
▪ stand by
▪ a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from acting旁观 ▪ b. to remain loyal to; to aid or support支持 ▪ c. to keep or maintain遵守 ▪ d. to be ready or available to act准备行动
▪ 现在你一定指望我描述我如何认识到了我自己设计的愚蠢 的思维方式，又是如何回到温暖的小巢了吧。在这个安乐 窝中，偏见被称为忠诚，无意义的行为被不断重复后变成 了习俗，我们却心满意足地说自己在思考。
▪ folly n. 蠢笨 蠢笨；愚行；讽刺剧
▪ 55. But you would be wrong. I dropped my hobby and turned professional.(para.35)
▪ III. Conclusion: Conversion of the writer into a grade-one thinker(paras.33-35).
Language points
▪ 49. I was irreverent at the best of times. Political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions, they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (para.31)在情况最好的时候，我也没
▪ --Of course I knew very well that it might be difficult to change the world to my way of thinking.
▪ do away with a number of trifles：to get rid of a number of unimportant things such as big business… It shows that the author is against big business, centralized government, armies, etc.
Writing Devices
Metonymy （转喻）is substituting a word for
another word closely associated with it.
It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23)
go too far: to go beyond what is reasonable and acceptable 走得太远，做的过火；出圈儿
Don‘t go too far afield or you'll get lost. 别走得太远，要不然你
会迷路的。
stood to lose : to be likely to lose 定然会
▪ e.g.
He stood by me through all my troubles. The police are standing by to control the crowd if it is necessary. You should always stand by your promises. You can’t stand by and allow such a thing.
▪ 但是，你错了。我把我的嗜好变成了职业。
--But you guessed wrong. I did not drop my hobby of thinking ( here, we can say he might give up the hobby of grade-two thinking). Instead I went further and became a professional thinker.
working. 即使最顺利的时候，电梯也是很少开的。
▪ Tumble: 跌倒，摔倒；被绊倒；倒塌；翻来覆去，翻腾
▪ Tumble to the ground. ▪ The house tumbled down in the storm.
▪ 50. I came up in the end with what must always remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living. It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. (Para. 31)最 后我悟出了如何才能保持一级思考能力的真谛。我构建了一个统一的 生存体系，那是一个道德体系，完全合乎逻辑。
to inform;
▪ Examples:
▪ Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance.点 头之交； Few of my acquaintances like Sheila.认识的人 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.懂一点意大利语
--According to the author, grade-one thinking must be based
on a coherent and logical system for living, in other words, a
moral system, without which you cannot prove yourself to be
▪ A. Grade-three thinking: the writer’s headmaster being an example(paras.2-24)
▪ B. Grade-two thinking (paras.25-29) ▪ C. Grade-one thinking (paras.30-32)
▪ do away with: To do away with something means to remove it completely or put an end to it.废除， 消灭， 去掉；涤
现代大学英语精读4 Unit 1 Text A Thinking as a Hobby
Thinking as a Hobbyby William Golding1While I was still a boy, I came to the conclusion that there were three grades of thinking;and that I myself could not think at all.2It was the headmaster of my grammar school who first brought the subject of thinking before me. He had some statuettes in his study. They stood on a high cupboard behind his desk. One was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel. She seemed frozen in an eternal panic lest the bath towel slip down any farther; and since she had no arms, she was in an unfortunate position to pull the towel up again. Next to her, crouched the statuette of a leopard, ready to spring down at the top drawer of filing cabinet. Beyond the leopard was a naked, muscular gentleman, who sat, looking down, with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee. He seemed utterly miserable.3Some time later, I learned about these statuettes. The headmaster had placed them where they would face delinquent children, because they symbolized to him the whole of life. The naked lady was the Venus of Milo. She was Love. She was not worried about the towel. She was just busy being beautiful. The leopard was Nature, and he was being natural. The muscular gentleman was not miserable. He was Rodin’s Thinker, an image of pure thought. 4I had better explain that I was a frequent visitor to the headmaster’s study, because of the latest thing I had done or left undone. As we now say, I was not integrated. I was, if anything, disintegrated. Whenever I found myself in a penal position before the headmaster’s desk, I would sink my head, clasp my hands behind my back and writhe one shoe over the other.5The headmaster would look at me and say,6“What are we going to do with you?”7Well, what were they going to do with me? I would writhe my shoe some more and stare down at the worn rug.8“Look up, boy! Can’t you look up?”9Then I would look up at the cupboard, where the naked lady was frozen in her panic and the muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom. I had nothing to say to the headmaster. His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication.10“Don’t you ever think at all?”11No, I didn’t think, wasn’t thinking, couldn’t think--I was simply waiting in anguish for the interview to stop.12“Then you’d better learn—hadn’t you?”13On one occasion the headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodin’s masterpiece on the desk before me.14“That’s what a man looks like when he’s really thinking.”15Clearly there was something missing in me. Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. But like someone born deaf, but bitterly determined to find out about sound, I watched my teachers to find out about thought.16There was Mr. Houghton. He was always telling me to think. With a modest satisfaction, he would tell me that he had thought a bit himself. Then why did he spend so much time drinking? Or was there more sense in drinking than there appeared to be? But if not, and if drinking were in fact ruinous to health--and Mr. Houghton was ruined, there was no doubt about that--why was he always talking about the clean life and the virtues of fresh air?17Sometimes, exalted by his own oratory, he would leap from his desk and hustle us outside into a hideous wind.18“Now, boys! Deep breaths! Feel it right down inside you--huge draughts of God’s good air!”19He would stand before us, put his hands on his waist and take a tremendous breath. You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and his ruined face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning.20Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. Yet in the middle of one of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck.21His neck was an object of great interest to me. Normally it bulged a bit over his collar. But Mr. Houghton had fought in the First World War alongside both Americans and French, and had come to a settled detestation of both countries. If either happened to be prominent in current affairs, no argument could make Mr. Houghton think well of it. He would bang the desk, his neck would bulge still further and go red. “You can say what you like,” he would cry, “but I’ve thought about this--and I know what I think!”22Mr. Houghton thought with his neck.23This was my introduction to the nature of what is commonly called thought. Through him I discovered that thought is often full of unconscious prejudice, ignorance and hypocrisy. It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmen’s golf, as honest as most politicians” intentions, as coherent as most books that get written. It is what I came to call grade-three thinking, though more properly, it is feeling, rather than thought.24True, often there is a kind of innocence in prejudices, but in those days I viewed grade-three thinking with contempt and mockery. I delighted to confront a pious lady who hated the Germans with the proposition that we should love our enemies. She taught me a great truth in dealing with grade-three thinkers; because of her, I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process which for nine-tenths of the population is the nearest they will ever get to thought.They have immense solidarity. We had better respect them, for we are outnumbered and surrounded. A crowd of grade-three thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudices, will not thank you for pointing out the contradictions in their beliefs. Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.25Grade-two thinking is the detection of contradictions. Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism.But there were compensations. To hear people justify their habit of hunting foxes by claiming that the foxes liked it. To hear our Prime Minister talk about the great benefit we conferred on India by jailing people like Nehru and Gandhi. To hear American politicians talk about peace and refuse to join the League of Nations. Yes, there are moments of delight. 26But I was growing toward adolescence and had to admit that Mr. Houghton was not the only one with an irresistible spring in his neck. I, too, felt the compulsive hand of nature and began to find that pointing out contradiction could be costly as well as fun. There was Ruth, for example, a serious and attractive girl. I was an atheist at the time. She was a Methodist.But, alas, instead of relying on the Holy Spirit to convert me, Ruth was foolish enough to open her pretty mouth in argument. She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jerome’s Vulgate, and the two books were different. Argument flagged.27At last she remarked that there were an awful lot of Methodists, and they couldn’t be wrong, could they--not all those millions? That was too easy, said I restively (for the nearer you were to Ruth, the nicer she was to be near to) since there were more Roman Catholics than Methodists anyway; and they couldn’t be wrong, could they--not all those hundreds of millions? An awful flicker of doubt appeared in her eyes. I slid my arm around her waist and murmured breathlessly that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of my arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her.28That night her father visited my father and left, red-cheeked and indignant. I was given the third degree to find out what had happened. I lost Ruth and gained an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine.29Grade-two thinking, though it filled life with fun and excitement, did not make for content.To find out the deficiencies of our elders satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security. It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. A typical grade-two thinker will say, “What is truth?” There is still a higher grade of thought which says, “What is truth?” and sets out to find it.30But these grade-one thinkers were few and far between. They did not visit my grammar school in the flesh though they were there in books. I aspired to them, because I now saw my hobby as an unsatisfactory thing if it went no further. If you set out to climb a mountain, however high you climb, you have failed if you cannot reach the top.31I therefor decided that I would be a grade-one thinker. I was irreverent at the best of times.Political and religious systems, social customs, loyalties and traditions, they all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. I came up in the end with what must always remain the justification for grade-one thinking. I devised a coherent system for living.It was a moral system, which was wholly logical. Of course, as I readily admitted, conversion of the world to my way of thinking might be difficult, since my system did away with a number of trifles, such as big business, centralized government, armies, marriage....32It was Ruth all over again. I had some very good friends who stood by me, and still do. But my acquaintances vanished, taking the girls with them. Young people seemed oddly contented with the world as it was. A young navy officer got as red-necked as Mr. Houghton when I proposed a world without any battleships in it.33Had the game gone too far? In those prewar days, I stood to lose a great deal, for the sake ofa hobby.34Now you are expecting me to describe how I saw the folly of my ways and came back to the warm nest, where prejudices are so often called loyalties, pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition, where we are content to say we think when all we do is feel.35But you would be wrong. I dropped my hobby and turned professional.。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(4)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Uni
Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Astatuette [] n. 小雕像【词组】a china statuette瓷雕【例句】A china statuette of a shepherdess stood on the table. 桌上有一个牧羊女的小瓷像。
eternal [] adj. 永恒的，不朽的；无穷的，无限的【例句】①She felt eternal gratitude to him for saving her life. 她终生感激他的救命之恩。
②I am tired of your eternal arguments. 我讨厌你那没完没了的争论。
【助记】外部(external)世界是永恒的(eternal)诱惑【派生】eternally adv. 永恒地；不朽地eternity n. 来世，来生；不朽；永世lest [] conj. 惟恐，免得【例句】He took a flashlight lest it should get dark before he returned.为了预防回来以前天就黑了，所以他带着手电筒。
leopard [] n. 豹；美洲豹【词组】snow leopard 雪豹spring [] n. 春天；弹簧，发条，弹性；根源，源泉；泉水v. 跳，跃，使跳跃【例句】She sprang out of her chair to greet her father. 她从椅子上跳起来迎接她父亲。
【词组】in spring 在春天spring up 涌现，发生，出现spring from 起源于，出身于spring sth. on sb. 向某人突然说出或提出某事物（令人惊奇或猝不及防）muscular [] adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的；强健的【例句】Like most female athletes, she was lean and muscular.像大多数女运动员一样，她精瘦而健壮。
现代大学英语 精读4 UNIT1-UNIT6 短语句子翻译(全)另附重点课文全文翻译
浴巾a bath towel 文法学校a grammar school永恒的真理the eternal truth文件柜a filling cabinet新鲜空气fresh air纯属无稽之谈utter nonsense 违规行为delinquent behavior常客a frequent visitor高品德的high-minded monologue 固定的观点a settle view 时事current affairs身体障碍a physical impediment一阵狂风a hideous wind令人厌恶的景象a hideous sight言语障碍 a speech impediment 使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情heady patriotism无情的人侵者the remorseless invaders 首相the Prime Minister 烂苹果rotten apples国际联盟the League of Nations 思维过程a mental process 条理清楚的文章a coherent article一位点头之交a nodding acquaintance一个完整的体系a coherent system一位口译好手a proficient interpreter 一种不可阻挡的趋向an irresistible trend逐字逐句的激励literally inspired夜生活evening life食宿board and lodging 供吃住的寄宿舍boarding-house瞬间a split second玻璃弹子glass marbles做徒劳无益的事whipping the dead horse阿司匹林片aspirin tablets在此情况下in the circumstances提前in advance走过场a matter of form 楼梯间平台的窗户landing window紧张气氛the tense atmosphere毛线针knitting needles梦游to walk in one’s sleep飞机翼展the wingspan of a plane专业的历史工作者professional historians基于常识的反应a common-sense reaction事物的这种状况this state of affairs意见不一的历史学家contending historians老生常谈的事a cut-and-dried matter一个个人喜好的问题a matter of personal preference截然不同的观点diametrically opposed points of view民间故事folk tales书面文件written documents过去的遗留物the remains of the past人的动机和行为human motivations and behavior复杂和精细sophistication and subtlety 商船merchant ships 一旦发生潜艇战in the event of a submarine warfare一个粗糙的理论a crude theory 好战的行为belligerent acts宣传机器a propaganda machine德国外交部长the German foreign secretary权力平衡the balance of power因果关系the cause and effect海岸炮兵the shore batteries 终极关怀the ultimate concern 近因 a proximate cause人们常说的一句话a well-used phrase不会出错的解释 a foolproof explanation绝对有效的模式a model of unquestioned validity 永不停止的探索a never-ending quest一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标an elusive yet intriguing goal难以解决的两难困境an insoluble dilemma 一本难以看懂的书an incomprehensible book一个爱交际的女人a sociable woman 黑市the black market黑色幽默black humor 害群之马black sheep黑人权利black power表达能力不强的人inarticulate people 全国性活动 a nationwide campaign赞美的话complimentary remarks 淘气男孩a mischievous boy一些有权力的人物certain powerful quarters 种族隔离的学校segregated schools 不可争议的权威indisputable authority公海high sea 上流社会high society 机密的消息confidential information 冷漠的门impersonal doors客观的信an impersonal letter 真诚的羡慕an unselfish envy紧张的声音a strained voice度假别墅holiday villa 一个著名的电视名人a famous television personality刻薄下流语言obscene language 下流故事an obscene story银行袭击a bank raid生产双层玻璃公司a double-glazing company联合抵押joint mortgage 拌嘴a cross word永远达不到的目标an unattainable goal 乡村和西部音乐country and western music加重了的潜水腰带a weighted diving belt 心碎heart-broken以自我为中心的人a self-centered man光是重量sheer weight光是运气sheer luck 一派胡言sheer nonsense军号声bulge call 人工呼吸kiss of life一串气泡 a trail of bubbles一点点关心one tiny scrap of care非理性因素non-rational factors 过去的好日子good old days思想模式thought patterns 陈旧的故事stock anecdotes思路brain path 鲜明的对比 a striking contrast 强烈的满足感keen satisfaction 感情上的联想sentimental association 一场恶吵a bitter quarrel酸葡萄sour grapes毫无根据的意见groundless opinions社会地位social position重要而有说服力的因素 a potent factor怀疑的余地room of doubt一种教条的观点great intellects大学者们great intellects不可避免的结果inevitable result 长期的斗争age-long struggle互相矛盾冲突的观点conflicting ideas鲜明的例子striking examples根深蒂固的信仰deeply-rooted convictions仅仅是断言bare assertion低头to sink one's head 使船沉没to sink the ship思考生命的意义to contemplate the meaning of life让阳光一下照着to catch the light毁了一个人的身体to ruin one's health 毁了国家to ruin the country猛敲桌子to bang the desk 扮演一个重要的角色to playa prominent role占有重要的位置to hold a prominent position 一个虔诚的佛教徒a pious Buddhist获得一种名声to gain a reputation 满足一个人的虚荣心to satisfy one's ego严刑逼供to give sb the third degree 发明一种教学方法to devise a teaching method在某人手中悄悄塞一支枪to slide a gun into sb's hand引起一些兴趣to whip up a little interest让谈话继续下去to keep the ball rolling让谈话开始to set the ball rolling一个作风古怪的百万富翁an eccentric millionaire分配资金to allot capital 勒紧裤带to tighten one’s belt 讲一句话to make a remark伸出一只手to stretch out one’s hand 润润嘴唇to moisten one’s lips抱怨天气to complain of the weather将棍子用力插入沙中to plunge the stick into the sand 突然冲我来了to turn on me 使某人心烦to get on on e’s nerve是某人将某事忘得精光t o put something out of someone’s mind脱钩t o come off the hook做填字游戏t o do a crossword puzzle 擤鼻涕to blow one’s nose 在鼻子上涂粉to powder one’s nose 提出案发时不在现场的证据to give an alibi获得新的深刻认识to gain new insights修改一个人的观点to revise one’s ideas追查起因to trace the cause 从这前提出发to begin from this premise朝目标开火to open fire on/at给以同样重视to give equal weight to sth支持某一观点to support a certain view 对政府施加影响to influence the government破坏实力平衡to destroy the balance of power组成联盟to form an alliance偿还贷款to repay the loans 考虑战争的问题to contemplate war填补缺口to fill in the gaps 结束探索to conclude the quest从某一角度看问题to view sth from a certain perspective从比较中获益to benefit from the comparison消灭差别to eliminate from the comparison 深入研究问题to dig into the problem 淹没在大海之中to be immersed in a vast sea从不同的观点出发to stem from a different point of view命中注定要做某事to be destined to do sth无视这个事实to ignore the fact作出假设to make an assumption 打败敌人to defeat the enemy夺回失土to win back one’s lost territory沉船to sink a boat截获机密to intercept the secret message将证据凑在一起to piece together evidence接近真理to approximate the truth 掌握新技术to master new techniques庆祝他的50华诞to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 引起羡慕to excite admiration触动良心to touch the conscience得奖to win the prize受到训斥to receive a reprimand省去这些字to omit the words宣布放弃奖金renounce the prizes 避免一场危机avert a crisis参加仪式attend the ceremony 展示一件艺术品exhibit a work of art尽情享受乐趣to indulge in pleasures 保护一个孩子guard a child感到有能力做某事feel up to do something 使某事正式结束bring sth to a close挥手让某人进去wave sb in使某人不必处于某种场合to save sb from a situation向某人说说心里话to talk out one’s heart to sb 把某人打翻在地knock sb down给某人斟酒pour sb a drink 举杯祝酒raise one’s glass从大腿上慢慢流下来trickle down her legs像鲸鱼一样喷水puff like a whale想雪一样融化掉melt down like snow 一眼看清了当时的情况sum up the scene进行电视采访do their interview 心存怨恨bear resentment难受的想吐feel sick in the stomach 突然大声的怒气冲冲的冲进来come in like thunder 渐渐散去drift away gradually 看中某人的意见value one’s opinion提高在某人心中的地位increase one’s standing with sb使自己振作起来pull oneself together 开始提供晚餐serve dinner 禽抱一个拿枪的劫匪tackle an armed robber和某人厮守下去stick with sb 系上腰带fasten the seat belt虐待妻子abuse one’s wife 和很多人乱搞男女关系screw his way around碰某人一个手指头lay a finger on sb 进行人工呼吸catch sb trying to do sth用力把自己身体升起heave oneself up浮出水面float to the surface在水下拼命挣扎thrash about under the water 使自己依靠在某物上prop oneself against冲出水面break surface 抓住某物seize hold of sth 把自己用力拉起来haul oneself up 紧紧锁住某人双手pinion one’s arms 把某人挡开fend sb off击中某处land a blow 呆在水下stay under in the water将这些观点加以归类to classify propositions 持有一种意见to hold an opinion 建立信念to establish convictions 颠倒过程to reverse the process 对是否是真相提出疑问to question the truth 获得财富to acquire wealth接受一种新的信念to adopt a new belief 放弃信念to abandon belief证明完全相反to demonstrate the contrary 相信这一事实to credit the fact 怀有一种意见to entertain an opinion使这个字的意思延伸一下to extend the term珍惜他们的尊敬to value their respect轻视他们的意见to belittle their opinions考虑某一点to make an allowance改变我们的思维模式to alter our thought patterns走同样的路to take the same course鹦鹉学舌般重复他人的思想to parrot others' ideasUNIT 11、我知道，不管发生什么I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始The truth is always in the hand of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10, 民主意味着由Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11、一个国A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12、那次晚会很乏味The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13 路很泥泞The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14、有一天，我因为One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15、佛罗里达州The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16、认为太阳绕着地球The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17、这些胡同The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18、日子一天天过去Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19、他怕犯错He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20、她的身体糟糕到了Her health was such terrible that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.你能强迫一个Y ou can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.学习文学The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.通过阅读范文Y ou can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.在中世纪In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.我既没有时间I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.小金Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.爱能改善人们Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.优秀的企业Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.许多东西Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.在过去的10年里In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.UNIT21、我们公司在这么短It is a miracle how our company has developed into a multinational in sucha short span of time.2、那个国家的平均寿命The average life span of that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3、这两个国家的冲突The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century.4有四座大桥There are four bridges spanning the river.5、我对你非常感谢I'm much obliged to you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book.6、不，这个聚会No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don't have to go if you don't want to.7 人们找她She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8 山谷里有一个小湖In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for picnic .9、他坐在一个阴凉Sitting in that shady spot he soon dozed off.10、他看见我把一个塑料He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bag by the roadside.11 那是一件白底蓝点It is a white shirt with blue spots. It looks quite pretty.12、这位侦探发现了The detective spotted the suspect and he walked and arrested him.13、有一个气球爆了One of the balloons popped and it gave me quite a start.14 在上课的时候进It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15、当他看见那位小伙子When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16、在那些国家里水比油In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring dollars' worth of water as a gift.17、这个项目完成When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18、这电影不值得看两遍This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it's not worth seeing at all.19 我觉得那地方值得I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional houses intact-houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20、贾宝玉当他父亲Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father's worthy son. He yearned for freedom.1.看来病人在这个城市It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2.交朋友易It’s easy to make friends but difficult to keep them.3.他总是懂的朋友He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4.或许根本就不是Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5.那男孩一点也不The boy had no idea how he had become an old man in half a day.6.不知道王宁I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from himfor almost a year.7.你出生于什么样的家庭It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test ishow far you can go from where you started.8.她简直不相信She simply couldn’t believe what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twintowers were standing there.9.第八号陪审员Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbedthe boy’s father to death.10.在市场经济中In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than bygovernment agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.UNIT31.尚不知飞The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2.地球转The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3.他把他的一He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4.历史上这条The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5.你认为国际恐怖主义的What do you think caused the upsurge of international terrorism?6.我们必须团结那些反对We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7.任何进步和改革都会There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8.有些人对新事物总是Some people are always opposed to new things.9.这些贷款中不少从未归还A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10.工商银行现在给The Business Bank now offers a special loan for students who can't pay for their education.11.这男孩问斯多太太能否将她的The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12.她在结束讲话时Her concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13.他们一结束调查就As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14.在他访问期间，During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15根据这些有理疑点，陪审团只能得出结论，这个少Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16.他将经东京飞往纽约She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17.我想谈谈上世界60年代的情I'd like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18.他们决定召They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.1.英雄是具有非凡品Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.2.名流是因媒体炒作而出名Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicity through the media.3.在中国大陆，“爱人In China mainland, "sweet heart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.4.一个不能共患难的朋友A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are introuble.5.从广义上说，货币指Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted in exchange for other goods and services.6.一个坐在扶手椅里的An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn't put what he says into practice.7.鲁教授说一个好教师应努力使自己成Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8.经济学定义为研究商品和服务的生产、分配和消费的社会Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. 9.DVD是上面能储藏大量在计算机DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, especially photographs and video can be stored, for use on a computer.10.《牛津高级学生词典》The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working in order to do other things".UNIT41、因为疯牛病Import of that country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2、在战争期间During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3、吸毒是一件严重It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.4、她正躺在悬挂She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.5这次暂停销售The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6 这也许是亚洲This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7这个作家善于制造悬念。
现代大学英语精读4_unit2课后答案
Key to Exercise of Unit FourP.107 ex.39. to put back one’s head10.to put down a drink11. in case12.to squint at sth. Out of the corner of one’s eye13. to stand next to sth.14. to be lost in the contemplation of sth.15. to feel like sth.16. with---and all17. round the corner18.by this/that time19. to start off20. to walk abreast21. to be at one’s ease22. to weave sb. In23. to save sb. From24. to talk one’s heart to sb.25. not for all the money in the world26.to knock sb. Down27. to say sth. In a strained voice28.to get beyond sb.29. for God’s sake30. to do sth. By accidentP.108.5 March the words or expressions in the two columns that have similar meanings.A. 1=B. 4 A. 2=B. 6A. 3=B. 8 A. 4 =B. 10 A.A. 5=B. 12 A. 6=B. 11A.7=B. 15 A. 8=B.17A.9=B. 16 A.10 =B. 1A.11=B. 3 A.12=B. 7A.13=B. 18 A.14=B. 20A.15=B. 5 A. 16=B. 14A.17.=B. 9 A.18=B. 2A.19=B. 13 A.20 =B. 196. Give the equivalent of the following in British English.1. lift2.flat3. lorry4. autumn5.trousers6. term7. film8. cinema9. motorbike 10. sweet 11. cock 12. toilet13. pavement 14. clever 15. cheque 16. boot 17. railway 18. undergroundP.113 More Work on the Test1.T ranslate1.)Into Chinese1.难以解决的问题2.一本难以看懂的书3.一个爱交际的女人4.黑市5.黑色幽默6.害群之马7.黑人权利8.缺少表达能力的人9.全国性运动10.赞扬或恭维的话11.调皮的男孩12.某些大人物们13.种族隔离的学校14.他的无可争议的权威15.一个地位很高的人士16.公海17.上流社会18.机密消息19.冷淡而缺少人情味的门20.冷淡的公文式的信21.真诚的羡慕22.不自然的，紧张的说话的声音2）Into English1. to celebrate the Golden Jubilee2. to excite admiration3. to touch the conscience4. to win the prize5. to receive the reprimand6. to omit the words7. to renounce the prizes8. to avert a crisis9. to attend the ceremony10. to exhibit a works of art11. to indulge the pleasures12. to guard a child13. to feel up to it14. to bring sth. to a close15. to weave sb. in16. to save sb. from a situation17. to talk out one’s heart to sb.18. to knock sb. down19. to pour sb. a drink20. to raise (lift ) one’s glass二．Translate1.Import of the country’s beef wassuspended because of the mad cowscare.2.During the war, they had to suspendthe construction of the railway.2.it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.3.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.4.T he sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.5.T his is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.6.T he author is very good at creating suspense.7.H e used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.8.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.9.S he averted her face so that people would not see her blush.10.He has always had an aversion to publicity.11.The government’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession. 12.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.13.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.14.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant. 15.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.16.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods.17.He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.18.They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday. 19.There were two armed soldiers standing guard at the bridge.20.Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.21.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.22.When the exhibition is over, the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.23.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.四．Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1. C2. A3. B4. A5. D6. B7. C 8. D 9. A五．Study the difference between thefollowing pairs or groups of words1. 1) renounce 2) announce3) renounce 4)denounce2. 1) avoid , prevent 2) prevent3. 1) divided 2) segregated3)divided 4)separated4. 1) personage 2) person3) personality 4)person5. 1)complementary 2) complimentary 3) complimentary 4) compliment6. 1) secret 2) confidential3) secret 4) confidential, secret七．Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.sensible2. larger3. Unfortunately4. original5. receipt6. rejoin7. viciously 8. demanded 9. marched 10. assumed 11. cases 12. get away 13. protest 14. had spoken to15. couldn’t really have comfortedMore Work on the Text二．Complete the following sentences with the right form of theverb in the brackets.1.is2. are3. was4. frightens5. are6. is7. were all8. was9. knows10. are 11. are, am 12. is13. was 14. has 15. is, is三．Rewrite the sentences using the pattern shown in the example.1.It is now believed that foreign languageare most easily learnt by children under14.2.It is reported that the negotiationsbetween the two countries had made headway.3.It has been confirmed that a majorbreakthrough has been achieved in cancer research.4.It is strongly recommended that fishingin the lake be strictly forbidden during the spring season.5.It is agreed among the rival companiesthat joint efforts should be made to prevent the price of color TV from going through the floor.6.It shouldn’t be assumed that all ourproblems will be resolved overnight.7.It is generally assumed that depressionaffects a person’s health in many ways. 8.It was announced yesterday that a newtax law would be imposed beginning next year.9.In ancient times, it was believed that theheart , not the brain, was the center of thought.10.It is predicted (in a medical report) thenumber of AIDS victims in Asia will increase sharply in the next decade.四．Translate the sentences intoEnglish1.It’s widely rumored that Linda’s beingpromoted.2.It is estimated that the project will costRMB three billion.3.It is assumed that the Labor Party willremain in power.4.It was proposed a few years ago thatthe president be elected for one term only.5.It was announced that another bridgeacross the Yangtze would be built next year.6.it was believed even then that theabnormal state of affairs wouldn’t last long.二．Paying special attention to subject –verb agreement.1. The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.2. Whenever either of us is in a tightcorner, we always come to each other’s help.3. Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.4. Statistics is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of information expressed in numbers.5. Neither his friends and nor his father was admitted by Tsinghai University.6. Xiao Li is one of the best foot players at our university who have ever participated in intercollegiate championships.五．Put in appropriate connectives. 1.as, where, that/which, if/whether , but.if2.When, if, Then, that/which, than六．Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1.B2. A3. A4. D5. C6. A7. D8.C9.C 1O.C 11. B 12.D 13. A 14. D 15.B 16 C。
现代大学英语精读4UNIT1翻译及课后答案
UNIT1思考作为一种嗜好当我还是个孩子的时候，我就得出了思考分三种等级的结论。
后来思考成了嗜好，我进而得出了一个更加离奇的结论，那就是：我自己根本不会思考。
第一个把思考这个问题带到我面前的是我文法学校的校长。
他的办公室里有一些小雕像。
就在他书桌后面一个高高的橱柜上面。
其中一位女士除了一条浴巾外一丝不挂。
她好象被永远地冻结在对浴巾再往下滑的恐惧中了。
而不幸的是她没有手臂，所以无法把浴巾拉上来。
在她的身边蜷伏着一头美洲豹，好象随时都会往下跳到档案橱柜最上层的抽屉上去。
在豹子的另一边端坐着一个健硕的裸体男子，他手肘支在膝头，手握拳托着腮帮子，全然一副痛苦不堪的样子。
过了一些时候，我对这些雕像有了一些了解。
才知道校长把它们放在正对着犯错的孩子的位置是因为对校长来说这些雕像象征着整个生命。
那位裸体的女士是维纳丝。
她象征着爱。
她不是在为浴巾担心，而是忙着显示美丽。
美洲豹象征着自然，它在那里显得很自然而已。
那位健硕的裸体男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一个纯粹思索的象征。
我想我得解释一下，我是校长办公室的常客，为我最近做过或者没做的事情。
用现在的话来说我是不堪教化的。
甚至还不如说，我是顽劣不羁，头脑迷糊的。
每次在校长桌前接受处罚，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼时，我就会垂下头，在身后紧扣双手，两只鞋不停地蹭来蹭去。
校长看着我然后说，“我们该拿你怎么办呢？”哦，他们要拿我怎么办呢？我盯着旧地毯更狠命地蹂躏我的鞋。
“抬起头来，孩子！你就不能抬起头来吗？”然后我就会抬起头来看橱柜，看着裸体女士被冻结在恐惧中，健硕的男子无限忧郁地凝视着猎豹的后腿。
我跟校长没什么好说的。
他的镜片反光，所以我看不到镜片后面有什么人性的东西，所以没有交流的可能。
“你从来都不动脑筋思考的吗？”不，我不思考，刚才没思考，也不会思考——我只是在痛苦地等待接见结束。
“那你最好学一学——你学了吗？”有一次，校长跳起身来伸手取下洛丁的杰作重重地放在我面前的桌上。
现代大学英语精读4 unit1~3课后翻译
1:I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.我知道，不管发生什么情况，我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
2. As a general rule, unlike the older generation,the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past,but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.一般来说，年轻一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
3. The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。
4. In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree usually symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.在中国的传统艺术和文学中，竹子和松树往往象征着道德上的正直和刚正不阿。
5. Queen Elizabeth 1 ruled England for 45years, and the nation prospered under her rule.女皇伊丽莎白一世统治英国45年。
在她统治时期，国家十分繁荣昌盛。
6. Democracy means that the majority rules. But that’s not all. Respect for the minority’s right to disagree is also an integral part of democracy. The two rules are of equal importance.民主意味着多数人来治理；但不仅如此，尊重少数人反对的权利也是民主不可分的一部分。
现代大学英语精读（4）课后习题参考答案Unit1toUnit5
现代大学英语精读（4）课后习题参考答案Unit1toUnit5(1)浴巾 (2)(美)小学 (3)永恒的真理 (4)文件柜 (5)纯属无稽之谈 (6)违规行为 (7)常客 (8)新鲜空气 (9)格调很高的独自(一个人唱高调) (10)一种固定的观点(11)时事(当前国内外大事) (12)身体障碍(13)可怕吓人的风 (14)令人厌恶的景象 (15)言语障碍(16)使人兴奋冲动的爱国激情 (17)无情的人侵者 (18)首相(19)国际联盟(国联) (20)思维过程(思想方式) (21)条理清楚的文章(22)一个完整的体系 (23)一位口译好手(24)一种不可阻挡的趋向 (25)烂苹果(26)根据事实(启示)写成的 (27)一位点头之交现代大学英语精读（4）课后习题参考答案Unit 1 to Unit 5Unit 1I Translate_Phrases1) Into Chinese2) Into EnglishⅡ. Translate_Vo cabulary1) I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2) As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future. 3) Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4) It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5) The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation. 6) In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness. 7) The great majority of the people stand for reform.(1) to sink one's head (2) to sink the ship (3) to contemplate the meaning of life (4) to catch the light (5) to ruin one's health(6) to ruin the country (7) to bang the desk (8) to play a prominent role (9) to hold a prominent position (10) a pious Buddhist (11) to gain a reputation (12) to satisfy one's ego(13) to give sb the third degree (14) to devise a teaching method (15) to slide a gun into sb's hand8) Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9) The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first. That's the rule.10) Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected. These two basic rules are of equal importance.11) A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12) The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13) The road was muddy. He slipped and fell into the river.14) One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15) The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16) The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17) The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18) Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19) He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20) Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.Ⅲ. Translate_Grammar1) You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2) The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3) You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4) In the Middle Ages, people believed that the earth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5) I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6) Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.7) Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8) Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9) Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.10) In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.Ⅳ. Paraphrase1) Nature had endow everybody except me the ability to think which is born with.2) You could hear that the fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he was unaccustomed to this as his lungs had been harmed by drinking. His body would lose balance and his face would become pale asa result of the unexpected visit of the wind. He would go back to his desk unsteadily and fall into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of the morning.3) Mr. Houghton’s deeds told me that he was not ruled by thought; instead, he would feela strong urge to turn his head and look at the girls.4) Technically speaking, it is as skillful as most businessmen’s golf playing, as honest as most politicians’ purpose, and as consistent as most books’ content.5) As they are everywhere and so daunting in number that we’d better not off end them.6) Humans enjoy following the crowd as it can bring them peace, security, comfort and harmony, which is like cows eating grass on the same side of a hill.7) Our Prime Minister was a hypocrite to say that the imprisonment of the two major leaders of Free-India Movement-Nehru and Gandhi-was good for India. The American politicians were dissimulators to talk about peace but refuse to join the League of Nations. Those moments made me feel happy.8) I slid my arm around her waist and whispered that if we were talking about the number of people who believed in a certain religion, I believed the Buddhists were greater in number. My “indecent” behavior and the daunting number of the Buddhists scared her away.9) What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. Although some close friends of mine still stuck by me, my grad-one thinking scared away many of my acquaintances.（1）夜生活（2）吃和住（3）供吃住的寄宿舍（4）一秒钟都不到（5）玻璃弹子（6）抽打死马（做徒劳无益的事）（7）阿司匹林片（8）在此情况下（9）提前/事先（10）走过场（11）楼梯间平台的窗户（12）紧张气氛（13）毛线针（14）梦游（15）飞机翼展Unit 2I Translate_Phrases1) Into Chinese 2) Into EnglishⅡ. Translate_Vocabulary1) It is a miracle how our company has become a multinational in such a short span of time.2) The average life span in that country has increased from 42 years to 50 years in a matter of two decades.3) The conflict between the two countries has spanned more than half a century. 4) There are four bridges spanning the river.5) I’m much obliged t o you. Without your help, I would never have finished the book. 6) No, you are not obliged to go to the party. You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 7) She’s always ready to oblige when people come to her for help.8) In the valley is a small lake right between a meadow and a hill. It is a perfect spot for a picnic.9) Sitting in a shady spot, he soon dozed off.10) He criticized me on the spot when he saw me throw a plastic bad down by the roadside.(1) to whip up a little interest (2) to keep the ball rolling (3) to set the ball rolling (4) an eccentric millionaire (5) to allot capital(6) to tighten one’s belt (7) to make a remark(8) to stretch out one’s hand (9) to moisten one’s lips(10) to complain of the weather(11) to plunge the stick into the sand (12) to turn on me(13) to get on one’s nerve(14) to put something out of someone’s mind (15) to comeoff the hook (16) to do a crossword puzzle (17) to blow one’s nose (18) to powder one’s nose (19) to give an alibi11) It was a white shirt with blue spots. It looked quite pretty.12) The detective spotted the suspect, and he walked over and arrested him.13) One of the balloons popped, and it gave me quiet a start.14) It is very impolite to keep popping in and out of the classroom when the class is still going on.15) When he saw the young man ready to pay for the BMW in cash, his eyes almost popped out of his head.16) In those countries, water is worth a lot more than oil. Friends will often bring ten dollars’ worth of water as a gift.17) When this project is completed, it will benefit about a hundred thousand people. It will be well worth the effort and investment.18) This movie is not worth seeing twice. In fact, it is not worth seeing at all.19) I think it is worthwhile to visit that place. I hear they have kept all their traditional house intact – houses that were built in Ming-Qing styles.20) Jia Baoyu was sick and tired of being his father’s worthy son. He yearned for freedom.Ⅲ. Translate_Grammar1) It seems the patient has no relatives in this city.2) It’s easy to make friends but diffi cult to keep them.3) He can always understand what his friends are thinking and worrying about.4) Perhaps it wasn’t Xiao Jiang at all who had left the tap running all night.5) The boy had no idea how he had become an old man inhalf a day.6) I wonder how Wang Ning has been doing in London. I haven’t heard from him for almost a year.7) It doesn’t matter what family you were born into. The real test is how far you can go from where you started.8) She simply couldn’t be lieve what she saw. It was only yesterday that the twin towers were standing there.9) Juror No. 8 pointed out that it might have been someone else who had stabbed the boy’s father to death.10) In the market economy, it is primarily by individuals and firms rather than by government agencies that decisions about what to produce, how much to produce are made.Ⅳ. Paraphrase1) Bella was young and pretty and was seen as the beauty of the boarding-house, but no one had shown any particular interest in her.2) Mr. Penbury was intelligent, but no one in the boarding-house liked him for that. He was too smart for them, and everybody felt annoyed.3) But Mrs. Mayton would not tolerate any silence for more than three minutes. So when no one broke the silence within three minutes she lost her patience and, turning to Penbury and asked.4) Mr. Calthrop was urging Mr. Penbury to give an answer immediately so that he would not have the time to make up a story.5. the weapon went right through his heart.6) We all know you are a sleep walker, so you may commit the murder in your sleep.7) Mr. Penbury advises Mr. Calthrop not to put so muchemphasis on his statement when talking to the police if he does not want to arouse their suspicion about his story.8) “No,” Miss Wicks answered, “I have come to put an end to your cough.”Unit 3I Translate_Phrases1) Into Chinese2) Into EnglishⅡ. Translate_Vocabulary1) The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2) The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.（1）专业的历史工作者（2）基于常识的反应（3）事物的这种状况（4）意见不一的历史学家（5）已经准备好了的现成的东西（6）一个个人喜好不同的问题（7）截然不同的观点（8）民间故事（9）书面文件（10）过去的遗留物（11）人的动机和行为（12）复杂和精细（13）商船（14）一旦发生潜艇战（15）一个粗糙的理论（16）好战的行为；战争行为（17）宣传机器（18）德国外交部长（19）实力平衡（20）（事物的）因果（21）海岸炮兵（22）终极关怀（23）（事物的）近因（24）人们常说的一句话（25）不会出错的解释（26）绝对有效的模式（27）永不停止的探索（28）一个难以达到但又十分诱人的目标(1) to gain new insights (2) to revise one’s ideas (3) to trace the cause(4) to begin from this premise (5) to open fire on/at(6) to give equal weight to sth. (7) to support a certain view(8) to influence the government (9) to destroy the balance of power (10) to form an alliance (11) to repay the loans(12) to contemplate war (13) to fill in the gaps (14) to conclude the quest(15) to view sth from a certain perspective(16) to benefit from the comparison (17) to eliminate from the comparison (18) to dig into the problem (19) to be immersed in a vast sea(20) to stem from a different point of view (21) to be destined to do sth. (22) to ignore the fact(23) to make an assumption (24) to defeat the enemy(25) to win back one’s lost territory (26) to sink a boat(27) to intercept the secret message (28) to piece together evidence (29) to approximate the truth (30) to master new techniques3) He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4) The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5) What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism?6) We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7) There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8) Some people are always opposed to new things.9) A lot of those loans were never repaid. That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10) The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for th eir education.11) The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12) She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped shecould come again someday and see more of the country.13) As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14) During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15) Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16) She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17) I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18) They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.Ⅲ. Translate_Grammar1) Heroes and heroines are people with unusual qualities.2) Celebrities are people who become famous because of publicity through the media.3) In China's mainland, "sweetheart" often refers to a person's husband or wife.4) A fair-weather friend is one who will desert you as soon as you are in trouble.5) Broadly speaking, money refers to anything generally accepted in exchange for other goods and services.6) An armchair revolutionary is one who talks about revolution, but who doesn’t put what he says into practice.7) Professor Lu says that a good teacher is one who does all he/she can to make himself/herself unnecessary for the students.8) Economics is defined as the social science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.9) DVD is a disk on which large amounts of information, esp.photographs and video can be stored in a computer.10) The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "workaholic" as "a person who works most of the time and finds it difficult to stop working and do other things".Ⅳ. Paraphrase1) Most students usually come to have their first experience of the study of history throughthe reading of a thick history textbook and soon are overwhelmed by a large number of names, dates, events and statistics.2) People used to believe history study was just an effort of memorizing “facts. “Now history means different things to different people, because they choose the best description and interpretation according to their own preferences among those given by historians.3) They cannot help feeling that two absolutely opposite ideas about an event cannot both be correct, but they do not have the ability to judge which one is right.4) They will come across the historical interception of the “Zimmerman Note. “In that telegraph, the German foreign secretary gave order to German minister in Mexico and asked him to propose an alliance with Mexico Government in case there would be war and to promise that Mexico Government would like to help Mexico win back the land that was taken away from Mexico by the US in the Mexico war.5) We can get rid of all disagreements if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that completely explained human behavior. Unfortunately, such model does not exist.Unit 4I Translate_Phrases1) Into Chinese2) Into EnglishⅡ. Translate_Vocabulary1. Import of that country’s beef was suspend ed because of the mad cow scare.2. During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.3. It was a serious offence to take drugs. Robert was suspend ed from school for two weeks.4. She was reading in a hammock suspend ed from two tree branches.5. The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.6. This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.7. The author is very good at creating suspense .8. He used to watch with great envy children of wealthy people go to school. 9. I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.10. She avert ed her face so that people would not see her blush.（1）难以解决的两难困境（2）一本难以看懂的书（3）一个爱交际的女人（4）黑市（5）黑色幽默（6）害群之马（7）黑人权力（8）缺少表达能力的人（9）全国性的运动（10）赞扬和恭维的话（11）调皮的男孩（12）某些大人物们（13）种族隔离的学校（14）他的无可争议的权威（15）一个地位很高的人士（16）公海（17）上流社会（18）机密消息（19）冷淡而缺少人情味的门（20）冷淡的公文式的信（21）真诚的羡慕（22）不自然的额、紧张的说话声1) to celebrate its Golden Jubilee 2) to excite admiration 3) to touch the conscience 4) to win the prize 5) to receive areprimand 6) to omit the words7) to renounce their prizes 8) to avert a crisis9) to attend the ceremony 10) to exhibit a work of art11) to indulge in pleasures 12) to guard a child 13) to feel up to it14) to bring sth to a cloze 15) to wave sb in16) to save sb from a situation 17) to talk out one’s heart to sb 18) to knock sb down 19) to pour sb a drink20) to raise (lift) one’s glass11. He has always had an aversion to publicity.12. The government's policy succeeded in avert ing a serious economic recession.13. Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.14. Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.15. It was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guard ed by a ferocious giant.16. Xicheng was practically un guard ed so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.17. The prisoners of war killed the guard s and escaped into the woods.18. He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.19. They took the Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday.20. There were two armed soldiers standing guard at the bridge.21. Napoleon exhibit ed (his) military talent early in life.22. These exhibit s are all insured and carefully guarded.23. When the exhibition is over, the exhibits will be given tothe host country as gifts.24. She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.Ⅲ. Translate_Grammar1) Using “It is/was said/believed, etc.” to express general beliefs.1) It's widely rumored that Linda's being promoted.2) It is estimated that the project will cost RMB three billion.3) It is assumed that the Labor Party will remain in power.4) It was proposed a few years ago that the president be elected for one term only.5) It was announced that another bridge across the Yangtse would be built next year.6) It was believed that even them that the abnormal state of affairs wouldn’t last long. 2) Paying special attention ton subject-verb agreement.1) The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.2) Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.3) Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.4) Statistics is a branch of mathematics concerned with the study of information that is expressed in numbers.5) Neither his friends and nor his father was surprised when he was admitted by Tsinghua University.6) Xiao Li is one of best football players at our university who have ever participated in intercollegiate championships.Ⅳ. Paraphrase1) “My parents, my wife’s parents and our priest all thought that I’d pretend to be not feeling well enough as anexcuse to be absent from the awarding ceremony. So I decided not to attend the ceremony.”2) “I’m a sculptor, and I don’t want to show any antagonistic feeling towards the whiteworld by receiving an award.”3) In Orlando you (the blacks) gradually develop a throat as strong as iron.4) So I thought I’d go and see my sculpture in the window and have some pleasant feelings of pride by enjoying my own work, which is natural to human beings.5) “What is extraordinary about the wonderful sculpture is that it is made by a black man like y ou. Do yo u know?”6) “She knows that her child will live a hard life in South Africa because they are black people.”7) I didn’t want to drink because if the police caught me drinking late at night I would be in great trouble.8) He wasn’t afraid of being seen walking with a black man.9) I answered “Yes”, but actually I didn’t want to tell him the truth.10) Drinking in the passage was certainly beyond my expectation. What was in my mind was not what you may be thinking…11) “Our country is beautiful. But the apartheid made me very sad.”12) as though they wanted to communicate with me emotionally but didn’t know the way to do it13) And I thought it was a sad thing, because if you don’t understand each other and don’t care for each other, they will hurt each other someday.14) Nobody knows what he was thinking. But I was thinkingthat he was much like a man trying to run but couldn’t because he was still not completely free from racist prejudices which were dragging his feet like iron shoes.Unit 5I Translate_Phrases1) Into Chinese2) Into EnglishⅡ. Translate_Vocabulary1. We need to increase our oil import in the coming years to meet the growing demand for energy.2. Our profits have increase d by 20% over the past two years.3. The number of privately-owned cars has increase d five times (fivefold) in five years.（1）假日别墅（2）著名的电视明星（3）下流语言（4）黄色故事（5）银行抢劫（6）生产双层玻璃的公司（7）联合抵押（8）一句气话（9）永远达不到的目标（10）乡村音乐和西部音乐（11）加重了的潜水腰带（12）心碎的（13）一切以自我为中心的人（14）光是重量（15）光凭运气（16）纯粹是胡言（17）军号声（18）人工呼吸（19）一溜气泡（20一丁点儿的关心1) to trickle down her legs 2) to puff like a whale 3) to melt like snow 4) to sum up the scene 5) to do their interview 6) to bear resentment7) to feel sick in the stomach 8) to come in like thunder 9) to drift away gradually 10) to value on e’s opinion11) t o increase one’s standing with sb 12) to have a liking for sb 13) to pull oneself together 14) to serve dinner15) to tackle an armed robber 16) to stick with sb17) to fasten the seatbelt / a belt18) to abuse one’s wife19) to screw his way around 20) to lay a finger on sb21) to catch sb trying to do sth 22) to try the kiss of life23) to heaven oneself up 24) to float to the surface25) to thrush about under the water 26) to prop oneself against 27) to break surface 28) to seize hold of sth 29) to haul oneself up 30) to pinion one’s arms 31) to fend sb off 32) to land a blow33) to stay under in the water4. The number of mobile phone owners in our city has increase d from 20 thousand to about half a million in less than 5 years.5. She prop ped her bike against a tree.6. The local economy is largely prop ped up by tourism.7. He was fast asleep with his head prop ped on a big rock.8. You need strong prop s to keep the tower from leaning any further.9. Flight 901 is due to land at the airport at 8:55.10. Many foreign observers say that the next man to land on the moon may very well be a Chinese.11. One of the stones they threw land ed on the head of a young soldier.12. If you go on like this, you will land yourself in a jail.13. I land ed a powerful punch to his chin and sent him sprawling.14. When you approach a drowning person, you must not let him grip your hands.15. Reports of the sudden appearance of these whales grip ped the interest of the whole city.16. If she lost grip o n the rope, she’d fall 1000 feet to sure death.17. You must keep a grip on yourself. Don’t despair.18. Our government did everything possible to defend the value of our currency.19. The total value of our exports to that country in the first nine months this year has reached $94 billion.20. A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.21. At college, students acquire certain values. This is an important part of their education.22. If you value your life, quit smoking!23. This painting is value d at $20 million.Ⅲ. Paraphrase1) The man Nerys was engaged to leave her after she had become disfigured. But before the bank raid, he behaved like a lover. Many man, not just me, could have done the same if we had engaged with her.2) This man loved her only because she was beautiful. So he left her when she was no longer beautiful.3) We used to love this music when we were in love.4) I’m sorry abo ut what happened to Netys.5) I didn’t mean to hurt you by offering money, bec ause I know it’s impossible for us to compensate in any way for the distress and suffering that Nerys and you have gone through.6) You don’t accept our help only because Vic was responsible for her suffering.7) You are with a hero if you are looking for a hero and that’s Vic rather than me, so don’t leave him.8) I love Vic very much. I feel guilty about this because Vic is your husband.9) Sharon, I can assure you that this experience is transientand won’t last long. We allhave the feeling when we are young.10) You never hear people speak ill of you, do you? People gossip about you.11) You know clearly that you have been hurting her.12) Beware of your manners. Stop shouting at me!13) If Sharon gets drowned, you will be held responsible.14) I will make you pay what you have done to me. You will be punished for what you have done to me.15) Sharon，you’d better not do anything. You have done enough to him.。
现代大学英语精读4第二版课后翻译答案
Unit41.我看见一叶扁舟顺河漂流。
我不想像这小舟一样没有目标，随波逐流地了此一生。
I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do no t intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2.山谷里的桃花全都盛开了，让她留恋忘返。
在前面不远处，她看见一家农舍，从窗户内传来了美妙的乡村音乐。
The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her, she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its window.3.结婚以后，我和朋友的来往慢慢变少了。
而我夹在那些一起共事的商界人士当中十分不自在。
他们说的生意经我厌烦透了。
After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussions bored me stiff .4.他们之间已经具有发生内战的所有要素。
国际社会已向双方呼吁，希望他们和平解决争端。
They already had all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5.很多人认为教会正在失去他的吸引力。
现代大学英语--精读四第二版-课后翻译答案
Unit 11.I knew I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happend.2.As a general rule, unlike the older generation, the younger generation tends to be more interested in the present rather than the past, but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.3.The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the whole nation.4.In traditional Chinese art and literature, the bamboo and the pine tree usually symbolize moral integrity and uprightness.5.Queen Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years, and the nation prospered under her rule.6.Democracy means that the majority rules. But that’s not all. Respect for the minority’s right to disagree is also an integral part of democracy. The two rules are of equal importance.7.A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated politically, economically, culturally, as well as geographically.8.The party was boring, so he slipped out of the room and went home. But the road was so muddy after the rain taht he slipped and fell into a ditch.9.Her health was such that she would not dare to be exposed to the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.10.I was drowning my sorrows one night in a small restaurant when he came over to me and slipped a roll of money in my hand .Unit 21.Zhuge Liang pretened to be very calm and succeeded in hiding the fact from Sima Yi that the city was really unguarded. He proved himself worthy of the admiration he had received.2.He knew that a bloody battle was imminent and his army was terribly outnumbered. So he pretended to be retreating quickly to the rear. Actually he was laying a big trap for the enemy troops.3.Social Darwinists asserted that we could compare human society to the animal world. It did not cross their minds that human beings could be different from other animals. Human beings relied on their brain rather than their instinct.4.These mass-produced chickens do not compare with the chickens we used to raise at home. Chicken farms may have increased the output, but they have robbed the chickensof their good taste.5.The finacial bubbles finally burst, causing a serious crisis that swept over the whole world.6.Thanks to our price edge, our exports to that region increased by 30% compared with the same period the previous year.7.The reporters were all bursting with questions. But the government spokesperson said that all she knew was that people were watching a play when some thirty armed terrorists burst into the theater.8.When the prisoners burst out singing, the prison warden was frightened.9.The area is dotted with factories. It also has holiday inns dotted around the whole island. But there are already signs that many local people will rebel against this trend.10.He declared that all the rebels would be pardoned if they laid down their arms. Unit 31.Our reform and opening-up policy resulted in rapid economic growth. But we must not forget that the policy in turn resulted from the great liberation/ emancipation of people’s minds.2.Generally speaking / As a general rule, the fact that you like a person will dispose you to like his ideas, too.3.It is doubtful if we can ever find a way to dispose of nuclear waste that is 100 percent secure. If possible ,we should shit to other sources.4.I searched around for a set of furniture that would fit in my small sitting room. ButI found them out of stock at moment.5.When serving the guest, the innkeeper found that the man fit the discription of the wanted murder suspect.6.When asked how to keep fit, he would give some stock advice: cling to a good eating habit, i.e. No salt, no sugar and no fat.7.The water was unfit for swimming, let alone drinking. As a result, many people in that region fell ill.8.I had thought he would lose his temper when he heard this, but he didn’t. On the contrary, he was suddenly seized by a fit of laughter.9.When completed, this subway will be extended to cover the whole city.10.The stock market did not seem to respond to the economic boom, which puzzled everybody. No wonder people all decided to hold their stocks.Unit 41.I saw a boat drifting along the river. I do not intend to be like this boat, drifting through life aimlessly.2.The peach trees in the valley were in full blossom, making it difficult to tear herself away from them. Some distance apart from her she saw a little hut with sweet country music drifting out of its windows.3.After my marriage, my friends and I drifted apart a little, and I was completely out of my element among those business people I had to work with. Their business discussions bored me stiff.4.They already had all the necessary elements for a civil war. The international community has appealed to both sides for a peaceful settlement of their disputes.5.Many people think that the church is losing its appeal although it has acummulated more and more wealth.6.The idea of business expansion appeals to me. Today the economy of many our trade partners is beginning to pick up speed. Our domestic marked is also projected to recover next year.7.Reform always contains some elements of risk, but we risk a lot more without reform. Today most people find further reform appealing although there is bound tobe opposition.8.He was furious /infuriated when he read the letter. He tore it up and threw it into the wastepaper basket. Then he ripped a piece off his coat and using his own blood as ink, wrote his last letter.9.In hindsight / Looking back, we all feel that it was foolish to tear down / demolish this beautiful city wall.10.You wait at home, I’ll come back and pick you up at around seven. Don’t worry. The doctor has assured us that her health will pick up soon.Unit 51.Statistics show that China has a total amount of2.8 trillion cubic meters of water resources, secong only to Brazil, Russia, and Canada, ranking the fourth in the world. But when divided by the population, our average per-capita share of water resources only amounts to about one quarter of the world’s average.2.We have always been heavily burdened with water shortage. It is said that of the 661 large and medium-sized cities nationwide, about two-thirds are suffering from shortage of water. Beijing ia a good example. It not only lacks surface water, even underground water table is also dangerously low. It is reported to have dropped to 90 meters underground. Some scholars auggest we move our capital to some other place. This plan is of course unrealastic / unfeasible, but the message that it gives people is clear.3.Our water resources first of all are not evenly distributed in time and space. They are either too much, causing floods, or too little, causing droughts.4.In spite of the impressive progress we have acheived in the past few decades, we are still far from effectively harnessing our rivers and lakes. Soil erosion and desertifiction are increasingly threatening our economy and people’s life. Many rivers no longer flow to the sea. Take the Yellow River for example, it failed to flow to the sea for 212 days in 1998.5.Our water resources have mianly been used to irrigate farm land but, in recent years, more and more water has been used in industrial and life, so they have seriously outgrown supplies.6.Today scarce water resources are becoming even scarcer because a lot of water is being wasted on capacious baths, power showers, flush lavatories, and golf courses. Moreover, a lot of water is also being polluted seriously.7.These two rivers both have their headwater in the country, which makes, the problem of water a serious issue causing potential disputes between the two countries.8.In recent years, we have pinned great hopes on the project to divert water from south to north, hoping that it will once and for all solve the flood problem in the south and the drought problem in the north, but we also hear different opinions from some scholars. They warn that we can’t take the immunity of the Yangtze to drought for granted.Unit 61.Incredible as it many sound, I hear that they charge 40 yuan for a bowl of noodles at the airport.2.Sun Quan finally talked everybody into agreeing to put Lu Xun, a young scholar, in charge of this decisive battle.3.He was arrested on the charge of smuggling, but in accordance with the law, no citizen can be arrested without evidence.4.She dropped the plate on the ground, but it miraculously did not break, without so much as a crack.5.I can assure you that if we dig a well deep enough here, we will stricke water. So if you guys have no objection, let’s get started.6.She takes delight in shifting the tables and chairs in the room every now and then so as to give the room a new look.7.The focus of our economic development has shifted from the coastal areas in the east to the central and western areas.8.He shifted to the highest gear, thus leaving all the other cars far behind.9.I maintained that smoking should be forbidden, but he disagreed, saying that the tobacco industry was an important source of government revenue.10.The local people raised a strong objection to installing the cable car this beautiful mountain.Unit 91.I have to go to the dentist tomorrow. One of my front teeth is loose.2.Your translation is a bit too loose. You ought to be more faithful to the original.3.Fashions come and go. A few years ago everybody was wearing tight jeans, but now loose shirts and pants are back.4.Many villagers actually did not like those terrorists, but they had to agree to harbor them because they knew if they didn’t, they would be severely punished.5.After the Civil war, many balck people were still subjected to serious racial discrimination. They still could not count on the government to render assistance to them.6.Traditionally women were confined to their homes, deprived of the opportunity to seek employment. But in the course of the war, many women were obliged to go to factories to replace men, and this began to awaken women’s social consiousness.7.Mian is the only animal that makes a moral distinction between right and wrong. Man alone is capable of dreaming about how to make a paradise on earth of the existing world.8.Many towns and cities have lost their traditional beauty. But Pingyao ia an exception in this respect. Ironically, it has been able to retain its beauty because for years it was too poor to change.9.Shi is one of the most important writers in contemporary China. She has published many works of distinction. But she still remians relatively unknown to people outside China, partly because we do not have enough talented translators to render her works adequately into foreign languanges.。
现代大学英语精读4第二版课后答案
Unit1Phrase1.猛然敲门 bang the door2.向国王陛下欢呼 cheer His Majesty3.凝视那雕像 contemplate the statue4.设计/发明一种新方法 devise a new way5.获得一种名声 gain a reputation6.鼓舞人民 inspire the people7.低下头 sink one’s head8.象征/代表国家 symbolize the nation9.暖和双手 warm one’s hands10.毁了某人的健康 ruin one’s health11.扮演重要的角色 play an important role/part in12.解决这个问题 settle the issueSentence1.I know I could rely on my brother to stand by me whatever happened.我知道，不管发生什么情况,我都可以依靠兄弟的支持。
2.As a rule， the younger generation tends to be more interested in the presentrather than the past unlike the older generation， but both generations will stand to lose if they do not respect the other’s needs.一般来说,年轻一代与老一辈不同，他们对现在而不是对过去感兴趣。
但这两代人如果不互相尊重对方的需要，就都会遭受损失。
3.The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating the wholenation.中国的书面文字是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。