试题二参考答案
人力资源管理模拟试题(二)及参考答案
人力资源管理模拟试题（二）及参考答案一、判断对错题（每小题1分，共12分。
正确的在题后的括号中划√，错误的划X）1.依据中国法律规定，未满16周岁的人不能参加劳动，即便参加劳动也不属于真正的人力资源。
()2.我国实施人才强国战略，就要强化人才资源的市场化配置，从而提高人才资源的利用效率，努力营造“尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造”的社会氛围。
()3.人力资源规划包括组织的人力资源招聘、任用、考核、培训、薪酬、激励、文化等方面的计划。
()4.人力资源会计是指把人的成本和价值作为组织的资源而进行的计量和报告。
()5.职务与职位并非一一对应，一个职位可能不止一个职务。
()6.甄选能为企事业组织中空缺的职位寻找到合适人选，实际中间夹着招聘。
()7.培训强调的是帮助培训对象获得目前工作所需的知识和能力，以更好的完成现在所承担的工作。
()8.在现代人力资源管理中，员工的知识水平和技能已不再是影响工作绩效的唯一重要因素，员工的态度、观念对企业生产力及企业效益的影响日益加强。
()9.产品数量主要取决于机械设备的性能的行业适宜采用计件工资制。
()10.职业生涯是指个体的职业工作经历。
()11.员工保障管理主要包括社会保障管理、劳动安全卫生与作业条件管理等。
()12.在事实劳动关系中用人单位与劳动者双方都订立了实际的书面劳动用工合同。
()二、单项选择题(每小题2分，共24分。
在备选答案中，选择一个正确答案并将答案题号填入题后的括号内)1.某人在甲单位是人才，到乙单位可能就不是人才了;又如某人在上世纪80年代是劳模，但到本世纪后就不一定是劳模了。
这说明人力资源具有()的特点。
A.活动性B.时效性C.可控性D.变化性与不稳定性2.根据组织的发展战略来制定的人力资源战略规划，并通过战略性的人力资源管理制度体系的建设，来促成这个组织战略目标的实现。
这指的是什么?()A.人力资源战略B.战略人力资源C.组织战略D.军事战略3.估计在未来某一时间构成劳动力队伍的人员数目和类型。
2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》试题与参考答案
2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》自测试题与参考答案一、阅读判断（共10分）第一题Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.The rise of e-learning has transformed the way people access education. With the advent of the internet, individuals now have the opportunity to learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes. One of the most popular forms of e-learning is the self-study examination for higher education, commonly known as the Self-study Examination for English Level Two (Self-study Examination for English Two). This examination is designed to test the English proficiency of students who wish to pursue further education or career opportunities.1、The self-study examination for higher education is gaining popularity due to its convenience and flexibility.2、The Self-study Examination for English Two is only available online.3、The examination is specifically for those who want to advance their education or career.4、The passage mentions that the self-study examination is only for English learning.5、The self-study examination is meant to be taken at a specific location.1、True2、False3、True4、False5、FalseSecond Question: Reading Comprehension and JudgmentPassage:In today’s rapidly evolving world, the role of technology in education cannot be overstated. Technological advancements have not only transformed how knowledge is imparted but also revolutionized the learning experience for students across the globe. The integration of digital tools into classrooms has enabled educators to personalize learning, catering to the diverse needs of individual students. Furthermore, online platforms and digital resources have made education more accessible, breaking down barriers of time and location. However, it is crucial to recognize that these benefits come with challenges such as ensuring equitable access to technology and maintaining the quality of educational content in a digital format. Despite these hurdles, the potential for technology to enhance teaching and learning is immense, making it an indispensable part of modern educational practices.Questions:1、The passage suggests that technology has changed the way education isdelivered.•Answer: True2、According to the text, personalized learning experiences are now possible due to the use of digital tools.•Answer: True3、The integration of technology in education has created insurmountable barriers for learners.•Answer: False4、Online platforms have made it difficult for students to access educational materials.•Answer: False5、The passage acknowledges both the advantages and challenges of incorporating technology into education.•Answer: True二、阅读理解（共10分）Title: Reading ComprehensionPassage:The global pandemic has highlighted the importance of digital literacy in today’s society. Many countries have implemented online learning platforms to ensure that education continues during times of crisis. One such platform, Edutalk, has gained popularity for its interactive and engaging approach to teaching. Edutalk offers a variety of courses, including a specialized courseon digital literacy. This course is designed to teach individuals the skills needed to navigate the digital world effectively and responsibly.The course covers several key topics, such as online communication, internet safety, and digital privacy. It also includes practical exercises that help students apply their knowledge in real-life situations. One of the most innovative features of the course is its virtual classroom, where students can interact with each other and with the instructor through live video calls and chat forums.Despite the benefits of online learning, there are challenges that come with it. One major challenge is the potential for isolation and reduced social interaction. However, Edutalk has addressed this by incorporating social features into its platform, such as discussion groups and peer support networks. These features help to foster a sense of community among the students.Questions:1.What is the primary focus of the specialized course offered by Edutalk?A) Online communicationB) Internet safetyC) Digital privacyD) All of the above2.Which of the following is NOT a key topic covered in the digital literacy course?A) Online communicationB) History of the internetC) Internet safetyD) Digital privacy3.What is one innovative feature of Edutalk’s digital literacy course?A) Traditional classroom settingB) Virtual classroom with live video callsC) Self-paced learning modulesD) Only text-based lessons4.What is a potential challenge associated with online learning, according to the passage?A) High cost of educationB) Reduced social interactionC) Limited access to resourcesD) Lack of hands-on experience5.How does Edutalk address the challenge of reduced social interaction in online learning?A) By offering only self-paced coursesB) By incorporating social features such as discussion groupsC) By encouraging students to attend physical classesD) By providing one-on-one tutoring sessionsAnswers:1.D) All of the above2.B) History of the internet3.B) Virtual classroom with live video calls4.B) Reduced social interaction5.B) By incorporating social features such as discussion groups三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）第一题Reading Passage:In recent years, the importance of lifelong learning has been increasingly recognized in the field of education. Higher education self-study examinations, such as the National Self-Study Examination for English Level Two, have become a popular method for individuals to enhance their English proficiency independently. This essay discusses the benefits and challenges of self-study examinations in higher education.Questions:1、The passage mainly focuses on the topic of __________.A)The benefits of traditional classroom learningB)The challenges of self-study in higher educationC)The role of self-study examinations in enhancing English proficiencyD)The decline of traditional educational methods2、According to the passage, self-study examinations are particularly beneficial for__________.A)Students who prefer a more structured learning environmentB)Working professionals seeking to improve their language skillsC)Young learners who are eager to learn new subjectsD)Teachers who want to teach English more effectively3、The passage suggests that self-study examinations can be challenging due to__________.A)The lack of immediate feedback from teachersB)The difficulty of maintaining a consistent study scheduleC)The need for self-discipline and motivationD)The limited availability of study materials4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of self-study examinations?A)The potential for procrastinationB)The risk of not receiving a formal degreeC)The need for a strong support systemD)The difficulty of accessing advanced learning resources5、The author concludes the passage by suggesting that __________.A)Self-study examinations should be replaced with traditional classroom learningB)Self-study examinations can be effective when combined with online resourcesC)The challenges of self-study examinations outweigh their benefitsD)Self-study examinations are only suitable for individuals with exceptionalself-disciplineAnswers:1、C2、B3、C4、B5、B第二题阅读内容：In recent years, online learning has gained immense popularity due to its convenience and flexibility. This essay discusses the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, comparing it with traditional classroom teaching.概况段落大意和补全句子：1、The paragraph mainly focuses on the increasing popularity of online learning, its benefits, and its comparison with traditional classroom teaching.2、Online learning is popular because it offers convenience and flexibility.3、One of the advantages of online learning is its accessibility from anywhere.4、However, one disadvantage of online learning is the lack of face-to-face interaction.5、Compared to traditional classroom teaching, online learning provides more convenience but may lack some social aspects.四、填空补文（共10分）Four. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate options.Read the following passage:The ancient Egyptians had a profound influence on the world we live in today. Their achievements in mathematics, architecture, and religion are still celebrated. One of their greatest contributions was the development of the first known calendar. This calendar was based on the observation of the stars and the cycles of the Nile River. The Egyptians divided the year into three seasons: Inundation, Growth, and Harvest. Each season was further divided into four months, with each month consisting of 30 days. This system was used for agricultural planning and religious festivals.Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks from the options below:1.The Egyptians divided the year into three distinct __________.a) seasonsb) monthsc) daysd) nights2.The calendar they developed was based on __________.a) the moon’s phasesb) the Nile River’s flowc) the Gregorian calendard) the Chinese zodiac3.Each month in the Egyptian calendar had__________days.a) 28b) 30c) 31d) 294.The__________season was characterized by the flooding of the Nile.a) Growthb) Inundationc) Harvestd) Autumn5.The Egyptian calendar was important for __________.a) astronomical observationsb) religious ceremoniesc) trade and commerced) all of the aboveAnswer Key:1.a) seasons2.b) the Nile River’s flow3.b) 304.b) Inundation5.d) all of the above五、填词补文（共15分）第一题阅读以下短文，根据上下文填入合适的单词，每空一词。
工具钳工试题二(有答案)
班级姓名工具钳工中级理论知识试卷（试题二）一、单项选择(第1 题～第80 题。
选择一个正确的答案，将相应的字母填入题内的括号中。
每题1 分，满分80 分。
)1.职业道德是（Ｄ）在职业行为和职业关系中的具体体现。
A、职业标准B、行业规范C、法律法规D、社会道德2.（Ｄ）的确立，一般与三种因素相联系，即个人的兴趣、生活的需要和共同理想的追求。
A、职业义务B、职业态度C、职业技能D、职业理想3.劳动争议当事人对仲裁裁决不服的，可以自收到仲裁裁决书之日起15 日内向人民法院提起（Ｄ）。
A、协商B、调解C、强制执行D、诉讼4.绘制机械图样时，图框用（Ｂ）绘制。
A、细实线B、粗实线C、粗点画线D、双点画线5.机械图样中，波浪线可用来表示（Ａ）。
A、视图和剖视的边界线B、有特殊要求的线C、极限位置的轮廓线D、可见过渡线6.（Ｂ）所得到的投影能够表达物体的形状和尺寸，具有较好的度量性，绘图方便，故在工程图样中得到广泛应用。
A、斜投影法B、正投影法C、中心投影法D、三角投影法7.两个基本形体的表明相交时，两表面在相交处会产生交线在视图投影中应（Ｂ）。
A、虚线B、实线C、点划线D、波浪线8.机械制图中对字体的要求是（Ｄ）。
A、楷体B、隶书C、黑体D、仿宋9. 作为民族素质的本质的职业道德素质和（Ｃ）决定着民族素质建设的性质和方向。
A、道德品质B、社会舆论C、思想道德素质D、个人修养10. （Ｄ）是为人民服务的普遍性要求。
A、诚实守信B、办事公道C、为人民服务D、爱岗敬业钢为改善切削性能，常用（D ）。
A、完全退火B、球化退火C、渗碳处理D、正火12.一般冲头在机加工完成后要将冲头淬火其目的是（Ｂ）。
A、表面处理B、提高硬度C、消除内应力D、改善力学性能13.链传动是利用链轮与链条之间的（Ｄ）来传递运动和动力。
A、摩擦力B、推力C、拉力D、啮合14.依据渐开线齿轮正确啮合条件，一对标准渐开线圆柱齿轮实现正确啮合，它们的（A ）必须相等。
2022年全国新高考Ⅱ卷语文试题及参考答案
2022年全国新高考Ⅱ卷语文试题及参考答案（适用地区：辽宁、重庆、海南）一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～5题。
材料一：中国学者进入典籍英译领域时间相对较晚，据现有汉学书目统计，中国典籍译本绝大多数是由西方汉学家或独立、或在中国合作者帮助下完成的。
传教士以降的西方译者为中国典籍的异域传播做出了不可磨灭的贡献，但以往的西方译者翻译中国文化典籍时，大多采取迎合译语读者的翻译策略，翻译过程中曲解、误译中国文化之处比比皆是。
此外，中国古代经典文本的语言具有语义的浑圆性、语法的意合性和修辞的空灵性这三大特点，使得绝大多数外国学习者难以在较短的时间内触及中华文化的内核。
然而，典籍英译的主要目的，是向西方世界介绍真正的中国传统文化，促进中西文化交流和发展，让西方了解真正的中国。
我们应当客观、公正地看待中国典籍翻译实践和接受之间的窘况与差距，从典籍翻译大家身上汲取翻译的智慧，获取前行的指导和力量。
在这方面，对杨宪益、戴乃迭（英国籍）合译的与英国人霍克斯翻译的《红楼梦》译本的比较，是一个值得我们静下心来认真思考的课题。
这两个译本于20世纪70年代出版，三位译者皆因此获得巨大声誉，也同时掀起了翻译界此后对两种译本经久不息的对比研究热潮。
在这过程中，我们应深入了解中国典籍的外译事实，客观分析两种译本的优长与不足，将中国的本土经验和理论与西方翻译理论相结合，取其精华，让中国的翻译研究与实践在传承和发展的良性循环中获得升华，在实践中不断培养和提高我们讲述中国故事、构建中国话语体系的时代能力。
（摘编自辛红娟《中国典籍“谁来译”》）材料二：翻译思想是决定译者翻译行为和翻译结果的主因，只有通过其翻译思想，读者才能理解其翻译过程中所采取的种种策略，也才能对这些策略所产生的译文进行更客观的评价。
从霍克思的译本中可见，他对原文采取了大多时候“忠实不渝”、间或背信弃“意”的态度。
测试题2参考答案
国际学院11级多媒体专业《数据库系统》期末测试测试题二注：请完成下面的作业，将答案写在记事本中，以“学号+姓名.txt”为文件名上传，不需写实验报告。
一、单选题（每小题1分，共33分）1、下述( ) 不是死锁处理策略。
A、时间溢出B、死锁避免C、死锁预防D、死锁检测2、下述( ) 语句是在COMMIT命令中不能发生的语句。
A、INSERTB、SELECTC、UPDATED、DELETE3、下述( ) 不是事务管理SQL命令。
A、COMMITB、SELECTC、SAVEPOINTD、ROLLBACK4、下述( ) 是一个事务状态。
A、活动B、提交C、终止D、以上都是5、下述( ) 是DBMS管理在系统中出现的不同事务的能力。
A、事务管理B、恢复管理C、并发控制D、都不是6、( ) 是存储在计算机内有结构的数据的集合。
A、数据库系统B、数据库C、数据库管理系统D、数据结构7、数据库中存储的是( )。
A、数据B、数据模型C、数据以及数据之间的联系D、信息8、数据库中，数据的物理独立性是指( )。
A、数据库与数据库管理系统的相互独立B、用户程序与DBMS的相互独立C、用户的应用程序与存储在磁盘上数据库中的数据是相互独立的D、应用程序与数据库中数据的逻辑结构相互独立9、数据库系统的核心是( )。
A、数据库B、数据库管理系统C、数据模型D、软件工具10、数据库(DB)、数据库系统(DBS)和数据库管理系统(DBMS)三者之间的关系是( )。
A、DBS包括DB和DBMSB、DDMS包括DB和DBSC、DB包括DBS和DBMSD、DBS就是DB，也就是DBMS11、设有关系R，按条件f对关系R进行选择，正确的是( )。
A、R⨯RB、R ♦ RC、σf(R)D、∏f(R)12、SQL语言具有( )的功能。
A、关系规范化、数据操纵、数据控制B、数据定义、数据操纵、数据控制C、数据定义、关系规范化、数据控制D、数据定义、关系规范化、数据操纵13、关系运算中花费时间可能最长的运算是( )。
2024考研英语(二)真题和参考答案
2024考研英语（二）真题和参考答案2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person wont be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifits doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other life changes also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.Its important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be abletomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like youre alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and its important to recognize when yourefeeling like its all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when youre _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-minded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretful20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points) Text 1Anger over AIs role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technologys future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recentpast,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,saysCoyle.Butpeople cant be expected to embrace the changes if theyre not seeing the benefits—if theyre just seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that techs inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."Were talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookingss Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor aboutone-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographicaldisparities in wealth will continue tosoar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdont simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce peoples workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the countrys relianceontimber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UKs wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these dont go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic woodsupply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUKs net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernments inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodCpetition among traders at homeD.wood producersmotive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmersunwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to tumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physiciansadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."Theres not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers dont see eye doctors or cant afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they cant turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and havent changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars wont solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If were going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But thats a very shortsightedview,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,dont respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And its a reminder that theEPAs involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,arent thinking about next years blue erab harvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.Itsworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its usershealth information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hopingto bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopefuls extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended period of time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in aschool-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they re going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having an uncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet programassistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Studentsdetermination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmersmarkets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmersmarkets are usually weekly or monthly events,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the areas agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
质量体系宣贯试题二(含参考答案)
质量体系宣贯试题二（考试时间：年月日）部门：科室：姓名：一、判断题1. 本检验所只使用正式人员，无合同制人员。
（×）正确：本检验所应使用正式人员或合同制人员2. 本所对用于检测的设施、环境的提供配置应满足相关法规及技术标准的要求（√）3. 对于影响工作质量和安全的区域和设施应有相应的明确标识（√）4. 本所建立了《环境保护程序》，具体相应的设施和设备，确保废气、废液、固体废弃物等处理符合环境保护和健康的要求，并有相应的应急处理措施。
（√）5. 本所采用的检验方法均为国家、行业、地方颁布的方法，并编制了相应的作业指导书保证检验工作的顺利进行。
（√）6. 脱离实验室控制的仪器返回后，应对该设备进行运行状态检查，以证实其能够满足规定标准要求。
（√）7. 仪器设备由一般的检测人员操作，并按相应的作业指导书操作（×）。
正确：仪器设备应由经过授权的检测人员操作，对检测设备实施维护和操作应使用最新版本的作业指导书8. 完成检测的样品由检测人员清理出现场，有留样要求时，移交留样室管理。
（√）9. 本所为保证客观、准确、清晰、完整地出具检测报告，且保证所编制的检测报告包含足够信息满足客户、检测方法和说明检测结果所必须的要求，制定了《结果报告管理程序》使结果报告得到有效控制。
（√）10. 检测报告发放后，如发现有误需要修改时，及时修改符合要求的报告即可发放。
（×）正确：应及时另行安排编制符合要求的检测报告，将有误报告全部收后，方可将修改后的报告办理新的发放手续发放二．选择题1. 本检验所的全部技术人员均建有技术档案，档案包括（ABCD ）。
A. 岗位的相关授权及授权时间B. 技术能力及确认时间C.经历的教育和专业资格D. 具备的技能和工作经历、经验。
E. 专业技术职称2. 检测工作各个环节的责任人包括哪些？（ABDE ）A. 检测人员B. 报告编制人C. 样品登记人D. 审核人E. 授权签字人3. 一般根据（ABCD ），正确配置所需抽样、测量和检测设备及标准物质，并能对设备进行正常的维护。
资产评估综合试题(二)及参考答案
《资产评估》综合试题（二）一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．评估者只对评估结论本身合乎职业规范要求负责，而不对资产业务定价决策负责，这表明评估结论具有（）A．市场性B．咨询性C．公正性D．现实性2．下列各项中，不符合．．．公开和公平的市场条件的是（）A．交易双方都是经济人B．市场存在一定程度的垄断C．交易双方拥有较充裕的时间了解信息D．交易双方地位平等3．某资产购置于2005年底，历史成本为100万元。
2007年底进行评估，该类资产在2005年、2006年、2007年的环比物价指数分别为10％、20％、30％，则评估时该资产的重置成本为（）A．118.2万元B．132.0万元C．156.0万元D．171.6万元4．当规模经济效益指数为1时，规模经济效益指数法实际上就是（）A．重置核算法B．物价指数法C．功能价值法D．统计分析法5．复原重置成本与更新重置成本在金额大小上的关系为（）A．前者大于后者B．前者小于后者C．前者等于后者D．前者与后者在金额大小上关系不确定6．某生产线还可使用5年，自动化程度较低，与同类设备相比，多用10名工人，每人每年工资为12000元，每年多耗用电能10万度，每度电0.5元，所得税率25％，折现率10％，则该生产线的功能性贬值约为（）A．17万元B．48万元C．64万元D．98万元7．进口设备重置成本中包括的从属费用是（）A．离岸价B．到岸价C．国外运费D．国内运费8．机器设备评估中，采用的物价指数首选的是（）A．整个工业设备的物价指数B．同一时期的定基物价指数C．同一大类设备的物价指数D．同一厂家设备的物价指数9．设备的实体性贬值率等于（）A．1-成新率B．成新率-1C．1+成新率D．1÷成新率10．由于外部因素而不是设备内部因素所引起的达不到原有设计生产能力而导致的贬值，称为（）A．功能性贬值B．技术性贬值C．实体性贬值D．经济性贬值11．交通条件、商业网点、住宅建设等的变化，会改变土地的价值，这说明（）A．土地用途的多样性B．土地经济地理位置的可变性C．土地价值影响因素的多样性D．土地的不可替代性12．如果某房产的售价为2000万元，其中建筑物价格为800万元，地价为1200万元，该房产的年客观纯收益为136万元，建筑物的资本化率为8％，则土地的资本化率最接近于（）A．6.0％B．6.8％C．7.5％D．8.0％13．被评估建筑物账面原值为180万元，竣工于2002年，要求评估2006年该建筑物的重置成本，根据调查得知，被评估建筑物所在地区建筑业产值环比价格指数2003年为2％，2004年为-2％，2005年为2％，2006年为3％，该建筑物的重置成本最接近于（）A．185万元B．186万元C．187万元D．189万元14．运用市场法评估建筑物价格时，个别因素修正的方法主要采用（）A．经验判断法B．售价调整法C．价格指数调整法D．环境成熟度修正法15．对于商业房地产来说，决定其价格的根本区域因素是（）A．风景好坏B．交通设施条件C．地段D．居民的职业构成16．评估无形资产使用频率最高的方法是（）A．市场法B．成本法C．收益法D．物价指数法17．收益法运用于商标权的评估，收益期限的确定是十分重要的问题。
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275
进行拉氏反变换后，有 y (t ) 275(1 e
动态误差 y (480) 275 275e
480 120
5.04 （℃）
3、有一吊车的拉力传感器如右图所示。其中电阻应变片 R1、R2、R3、R4 贴在等截面轴上。已知 R1、R2、R3、R4 标称阻值均为 120Ω，桥路电压为 2V，物重 m 引起 R1、R2 变化增量为 1.2Ω。
U2 正负表示衔铁位移的方向，即振动的加速度方向。
法二：相敏检波电路 输入信号 u2(差动变压器式传感器输出的调幅波电压)通过变压器 T1 加到环形电桥的一个对角线上。参考信号 us 通过变压器 T2 加到环形电桥 的另一个对角线上。 输出信号 uo 从变压器 T1 与 T2 的中心抽头引出。 平衡电阻 R 起限流作用， 以避免二极管导通时变压器 T2 的次级电流过 大。RL 为负载电阻。us 的幅值要远大于输入信号 u2 的幅值，以便有效控制 四个二极管的导通状态，且 us 和差动变压器式传感器激磁电压 u1 由同一 振荡器供电， 保证二者同频同相（或反相） 。
第 1 页 共 10 页
传感器与自动检题（本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分） 在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的， 请将 正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 错选、 多选和未选均不得分。
1、B 6、D 2、C 7、A 3、A 8、D 4、D 9、A 5、 D 10、D
Uo E 1 R / R 2
② Ku
③ R3、R4 可以进行温度补偿。 4、有一台变极距非接触式电容测微仪，其极板间的极限半径 r=4mm，假 设与被测工件的初始间隙δ=03mm 1) 若极板与工件的间隙变化量Δδ=±10μm 时，电容变化量为多少? 2) 若测量电路的灵敏度 K=100mV/pF， 则在Δδ=±1μm 时的输出电压为 多少? 解：1） C0 =
U U U 2 24 68
当衔铁在零位时，因为 U24=U68，所以 U2=0；当衔铁在零位以上时，因为
U24 > U68 ，则 U2 >0；而当衔铁在零位以下时， 则有 U24< U68，则 U2 <0。
从而利用①式可以反求加速度 U2 的有效值大小反映了位移的大小， 的大小；
ˆ x1 被测量估计矩阵 X x2
ˆ AL ，则 由最小二乘法： AAX
1 10 1 220 1 1 1 1 40 4 AA 1 70 220 16600 10 40 70 100 1 100 20 1 1 1 1 21 88 AL 10 40 70 100 23 5050 24
二、简答题（本大题共 5 小题，每小题 6 分，共 30 分）
1、什么是直接测量、间接测量和组合测量？ 答：直接测量：首先对与被测量有确切函数关系的物理量进行直接测量， 然后通过已知的函数关系求出该未知量，即需要将被测量值经过某种函数 关系变换才能确定被测量值的测量方法。 间接测量：测量过程复杂，测量所需时间较长，需要进行计算才能得出 最终的测量结果。 组合测量： 在测量中， 使各个待求未知量和被测量经不同的组合形式出 现，根据直接测量或间接测量所得到的被测量数据，通过解一组联立方程 求出未知量的数据的测量方法，即这种测量方法必须经过求解联立方程组 才能得出最后结果。 2、画出压电式元件的并联接法，试述其输出电压、输出电荷和输出电容的 关系，并说明它的适用场合？ 答：从作用力看，压电元件是串接的，因而每片受到的作用力相同、产生 的变形和电荷数量大小都与单片时相同。 并联接法如图
AA 18000 0
1 AA A11 A 21 A12 1 16600 220 220 A22 4 18000
( AA) 1
ˆ [ AA]1 AL X
1 16600 220 88 19.4333 4 18000 220 5050 0.0467
ti / C
Lti / mm
10.0 20.0
40.0 21.0
70.0 23.0
100.0 24.0
第 4 页 共 10 页
解：误差方程 lti l0 (1 ti ) vi 令 x1 l0 ， x2 l0
i 1,2,3,4
1 10.0 20 1 40.0 , 直接测得值矩阵 L 21 , 系数矩阵 A 1 70.0 23 1 100.0 24
第 2 页 共 10 页
与单片相比，外力作用下正负电极上的电荷量增加了 1 倍，电容量也 增加了 1 倍，输出电压与单片时相同。并联接法输出电荷大，本身电容大， 时间常数大，适宜用在测量慢变信号并且以电荷作为输出量的场合。 3、 热电偶冷端温度对热电偶的热电势有什么影响？为消除冷端温度影响可 采用哪些措施？ 答：由热电偶的测温原理可以知道，热电偶产生的热电动势大小与两端温 度有关，热电偶的输出电动势只有在冷端温度不变的条件下，才与工作温 度成单值函数关系。实际应用时，由于热电偶冷端离工作端很近，且又处 于大气中，其温度受到测量对象和周围环境温度波动的影响，因而冷端温 度难以保持恒定，这样会带来测量误差。 为消除冷端温度影响，常用的措施有： ① 补偿导线法：将热电偶配接与其具有相同热电特性的补偿导线，使 自由端远离工作端，放置到恒温或温度波动较小的地方。 ② 冷端恒温法：把热电偶的冷端置于某些温度不变的装置中，以保证 冷端温度不受热端测量温度的影响。 ③ 冷端温度校正法。 ④ 自动补偿法。 4、什么是全反射？光纤的数值孔径有何意义？ 答：当入射角大于临界角时，光线就不会透过其界面而全部反射到光密介 质内部，即发生全反射。 光纤的数值孔径是光纤的一个重要参数，它能反映光纤的集光能力， 光纤的 NA 越大， 表面它可以在较大入射角范围内输入全反射光， 集光能力 就越强，光纤与光源的耦合越容易，且保证实现全反射向前传播。但 NA 越大，光信号的畸变也越大，所以要适当选择 NA 的大小。 5、 透射式光栅传感器的莫尔条纹是怎样产生的？条纹间距、 栅距和夹角的 关系是什么？
第 3 页 共 10 页
W
光栅1
d f d f d f d f BH d
光栅2
d
答：① 把两块栅距相等的光栅（光栅 1、光栅 2）叠合在一起，中间留有 很小的间隙，并使两者的栅线之间形成一个很小的夹角θ，这样就可以看 到在近于垂直栅线方向上出现明暗相间的条纹，这些条纹叫莫尔条纹。在 d - d 线上，两块光栅的栅线重合，透光面积最大， 形成条纹的亮带， 它 是由一系列四棱形图案构成的；在 f - f 线上，两块光栅的栅线错开，形 成条纹的暗带，它是由一些黑色叉线图案组成的。因此莫尔条纹的形成是 由两块光栅的遮光和透光效应形成的。 ② 莫尔条纹的间距 BH 与两光栅线纹夹角θ之间的关系为：
1) 画出应变片组成的电桥电路。 2) 计算出测得的输出电压和电桥输出灵敏度。 3) 说明 R3、R4 起到什么作用？ 解：① 应变片组成半桥电路：
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Uo E [
R3 (R1 R1 ) E R 2 1.2 ] 0.01V (R1 R1 ) R 4 R 3 (R 2 R 2 ) 2 R 2 120
l0 x1 19.4(mm)
x2 0.0467 2.4 103 (/ C ) l0 19.43
2、 当被测介质温度为 t1 ,测温传感器示值温度为 t 2 时， 有下列方程式成立： 测温传感 t1 t2 0 (dt2 ) /( d ) 当被测介质温度从 25℃突然变化到 300℃时， 器时间常数 0 120s ，试确定经过 480s 后的动态误差。 解：把输入看作从 0 到 275 的阶跃输入信号，则 x(t ) 0, t 0 ； x(t ) 275, t 0 输入信号的拉氏变换为: X ( s )
C=C0 C=1.48 444.8 U1 C K=446.28 100 44.6V U2 C K=-442.32 100 44.2V
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试卷二
综合设计分析题（本大题共 20 分） 。
若要你需要用差动变压器式加速度传感器来测量某测试平台振动的加 速度。请你： （1）设计出该测量系统的框图，并作必要的标注或说明； （2） 画出你所选用的差动变压器式加速度传感器的原理图， 并简述其 基本工作原理； （3） 给出差动变压器式加速度的测量电路图， 并从工作原理上详细阐 明它是如何实现既能测量加速度的大小，又能辨别加速度的方向的。 解： （1）
BH
W 2 sin
W
2
三、分析计算题（本大题共 3 小题，每小题 10 分，共 30 分） 注意：自动化、电气专业的学生第 1 小题必做，并从第 2－4 小 题中选做两个小题； 测控专业的学生在 4 个小题中任选 3 个小题。
1、已知某金属棒的长度和温度之间的关系为 Lt L0 (1 t ) 。在不同温度 下，测得该金属棒的长度如下表所示。请用最小二乘法估计 0℃时金属棒 的长度和金属的线膨胀系数 。
275 s
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又 0 即
dt 2 t 2 t1 d
( 0 s 1)t 2 s t1 (s)
t 2 ( s) 1 t 1(s) 0 s 1 1
H ( s)
Y ( s) H ( S ) X ( S )
0S 1 S
t 120 )
第 8 页 共 10 页
法一：差动整流电路 把差动变压器的两个次级输出电压分别整流，然后将整流的电压或电 流的差值作为输出。下面给出全波电压输出的差动整流电路：
1 a T U 1 5 c x d 8 C2 7 6 10 b 4 C1 3 11 R0 U 2 2 9