☆航空飞行控制系统英文培训课件
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北航自控原理课件1(英文版)
terms
5. 被控量(controlled variable)
被控制的物理量；
6. 输出（Output）
The response obtained from a system （通常与被控量 一致。）
7.干扰(disturbance)
所有使被控量偏离期望值的因素
8. 反馈（Feedback）
- The output of a system that is returned to modify the input.
History of Automatic Control 1769: James Watt’s steam engine and flyball governor. 1868:J.C.Maxwell formulates a mathematical model for a governor control of steam engine. 1932: H.Nyquist develops a method for analyzing the stability of systems.
In general,the objectives can be identified with inputs. 通常目标规定为系统的输入。
Basic components of control systems
被控对象(plant,process) 测量元件（sensor）
可以对被控量进行测量，并转换成能与输入信号进 行比较的量纲和数值，也称为反馈元件；
Reference input Feedback signal Comparison Controller Plant Output
Measurement
)
Features of feedback control systems
3FLIGHTCONTROLS1
•Primary •Secondary
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Primary flight controls
The primary flight controls has these subsystems：
•Aileron（2） •Elevator（2） •Rudder
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
Rudder:
The rudder pedals move cables that give an input to the rudder feel and centering unit. This controls the rudder PCUs. The rudder PCUs move the rudder.
During automatic deployment, the auto speedbrake actuator gives input to the same cables as above and backdrives the speedbrake lever.
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Secondary flight controls
The secondary flight control system has these components：
•leading edge flaps（4） •leading edge slats（8） •trailing edge flaps（4） •spoilers（12） •horizontal stabilizer
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Power source
Hydraulic actuators or electric motor move the surfaces. You must be very careful when you work near flight control surfaces. When hydraulic power is on, make sure that all the flight control surfaces are clear of personnel and equipment.
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Primary flight controls
The primary flight controls has these subsystems：
•Aileron（2） •Elevator（2） •Rudder
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
Rudder:
The rudder pedals move cables that give an input to the rudder feel and centering unit. This controls the rudder PCUs. The rudder PCUs move the rudder.
During automatic deployment, the auto speedbrake actuator gives input to the same cables as above and backdrives the speedbrake lever.
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Secondary flight controls
The secondary flight control system has these components：
•leading edge flaps（4） •leading edge slats（8） •trailing edge flaps（4） •spoilers（12） •horizontal stabilizer
FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
❖Power source
Hydraulic actuators or electric motor move the surfaces. You must be very careful when you work near flight control surfaces. When hydraulic power is on, make sure that all the flight control surfaces are clear of personnel and equipment.
☆航空飞机起飞性能英文培训课件
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Takeoff Performance Terms
• Stopway
– Area designated for use in decelerating an aborted takeoff – Cannot be used as part of the takeoff distance – Can be considered as part of the accelerate-stop distance
– Vmu - Minimum Unstick Speed
• Minimum speed the airplane may be flown off the runway w/o a tail strike – Establishes min V1 and VR speeds
– If aircraft weight is at or below the lowest of the three adequate takeoff performance is assured
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Takeoff Performance Terms
• Climb-limited Takeoff Weight
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Takeoff Performance Terms
• Maximum Takeoff Weight
– Must be computed for each takeoff – If during the takeoff run the critical engine fails:
– Aircraft must be able to stop on the runway and stopway or – safely continue the takeoff (121.177, 121.189).
飞行控制系统典型飞行控制系统工作原理课件PPT
L
e
*
me
mV I 不太大时，修正高度过程中，俯仰运动也不会剧烈，所以速度相对变化
飞机上采用助力器，飞机超音速飞行时，舵机控制不受铰链力矩的影响。
也不会太大y，为此可用短周期运动方程。
❖ 为便于操纵飞机，有必要增加阻尼器。
飞机操纵机构
升降舵偏角e：平尾后缘下偏为正 e〉0 产生纵向低头力矩M<0 副翼偏转角a：右翼后缘下偏（右下左上）为正 a〉0 产生滚转力矩L<0 方向舵偏转角r：方向舵后缘向左偏为正 r〉0 产生偏航力矩N<0 油门杆位置T： 向前推杆为正 T〉0 加大油门、加大推力
飞机结构特点及受空气动力影响情况
为满足大包线，及良好的飞行性能要求，飞机设 ❖ 再由力、力矩平衡：
起削弱 作用， 向上转变慢，当
时，纵轴不再转q=0，动态过程结束。
计时采用薄的翼型，小的展弦比和具有上反效应 平飞迎角
这个等级是按能见度条件分类的，（包括垂直方向上指允许的最小云雾底部的高度；
阻尼器由角速率陀螺，放大器和舵回路
L K
)
其中：L K K K Ke 为角速率到舵偏角传动比
❖ 简化闭环传函：
q(s) pe (s)
K j KeKd (T S 1)
Td2eS 2 2deTdeS 1
式中：
Kd
K 1 L K
Tde
Td 1 L K
de
d
( K T L ) 2Td
1 L K
❖ 适当选择 L 可增大 de ，即增大了阻尼，
❖ 保持升降速度 H 0 ―必使飞机沿法线方
向力平衡，即 L cos G mg
❖ 保证飞机在水平面内盘旋―向心力等于惯
性力 L sin mu
☆航空喷气式飞机CRJ-200电子飞行仪表系统英文培训课件
HPA/IN SPEED REFS TGT VSPDS SET BARO RA TEST SET
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Air Data Reference Panel
• Data to input:
– Airspeeds – Barometric pressure – Altitudes
SEL DH
• Note: TAT not accurate on ground. Therefore, must manually input ATIS temp in FMS.
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DISPLAY CONTROLS
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21
EICAS REVERSION
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EICAS REVERSION
ED 1
NORM ED 2
EICAS
NORM: LEFT SCREEN SHOWS PRIMARY (ENGINE) DISPLAY AND RIGHT SCREEN SHOWS SECONDARY DISPLAYS
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EICAS REVERSION
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Display Control Panels
(located on fascia panels)
Controls:
MFD Format/Range NAV Source Selection Bearing Pointer Selection Cross-side NAV Data and Course Display
CRJ Electronic Flight Instrumentation System
1
Introduction
FOUR electronic flight displays called (EFIS)
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Air Data Reference Panel
• Data to input:
– Airspeeds – Barometric pressure – Altitudes
SEL DH
• Note: TAT not accurate on ground. Therefore, must manually input ATIS temp in FMS.
19
DISPLAY CONTROLS
20
21
EICAS REVERSION
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EICAS REVERSION
ED 1
NORM ED 2
EICAS
NORM: LEFT SCREEN SHOWS PRIMARY (ENGINE) DISPLAY AND RIGHT SCREEN SHOWS SECONDARY DISPLAYS
23
EICAS REVERSION
18
Display Control Panels
(located on fascia panels)
Controls:
MFD Format/Range NAV Source Selection Bearing Pointer Selection Cross-side NAV Data and Course Display
CRJ Electronic Flight Instrumentation System
1
Introduction
FOUR electronic flight displays called (EFIS)
南航英语培训课件
航空业中的英语重要性
作为国际化行业，航空业中的英语能力对于有效的沟通和安全运营至关重要。我们将深入探讨在航空业中掌握 英语的必要性。
航空安全与英语
1 关键术语
了解和正确使用航空安全领域的关键 术语对于保证飞行安全至关重要。
2 沟通流畅
在紧急情况下，流畅地使用英语进行 沟通是确保安全操作的关键。
3 安全标准
机队规模
南航拥有庞大的机队，包括 大型客机、货机和直升机， 以满足不同航空需求。
航空业英语培训概述
Hale Waihona Puke 培训计划我们提供全面的英语培训计划， 涵盖航空业中的各个方面，从 基础语言技能到专业术语。
学习方法
我们采用多种教学方法，包括 实践练习、模拟对话和技术辅 助学习，使学习过程丰富多样。
个性化学习
针对每个学员的需求，我们提 供个性化学习路径，以确保学 习效果最大化。
南航英语培训课件
随着航空业快速发展，掌握英语已成为南航人必备的技能。本课程将为您提 供全面的英语培训，从语言技能到专业术语，助您在航空行业获得成功。
南航简介
南航概述
南航（南方航空股份有限公 司）成立于1991年，是中国 最大的航空公司之一。我们 提供全球范围内的航班服务。
航空网络
南航的航线网络覆盖全球， 包括国内、国际和地区航线， 为乘客提供便捷的航空旅行 服务。
航空英语口语与听力练习
1
对话模拟
通过模拟真实场景的对话练习，提高口语表达能力和听力理解能力。
2
广播讲解
聆听广播讲解，并进行相关练习，以熟悉航空通讯中的常用表达。
3
语音纠正
通过语音纠正训练，提高发音准确性和口语自信心。
航空业中的安全标准要求准确理解和遵守各种安全程序和相关指令。
航空基础英语专题培训课件
The air range is longer than 2400 kilometers but shorter than 4800 kilometers. (3) long-range aircraft / long-haul aircraft 远程飞机
The air range is longer than 4800 kilometers.
4.Wing Components wing tip 翼梢 rib 翼肋 spar 翼梁 fuel tank 油箱 stringer 长桁 skin 蒙皮 aileron 副翼
<2> rudder 方向舵 A rudder is a control surface connected to the vertical stabilizer and is used to yaw the aircraft. <3> horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面、水平尾翼 <4> elevator 升降舵 Elevators are control surfaces connected to the horizontal stabilizer and are used to pitch the aircraft. <5> stabilator 全动式水平尾翼 Stabilators are control surfaces which provide both horizontal stability and pitch control for the aircraft.
Module I Terminology Project I Aviation Terms Unit 1 Aircraft’s Type Unit 2 Aircraft’s Structure Unit 3 Aircraft’s System
The air range is longer than 4800 kilometers.
4.Wing Components wing tip 翼梢 rib 翼肋 spar 翼梁 fuel tank 油箱 stringer 长桁 skin 蒙皮 aileron 副翼
<2> rudder 方向舵 A rudder is a control surface connected to the vertical stabilizer and is used to yaw the aircraft. <3> horizontal stabilizer 水平安定面、水平尾翼 <4> elevator 升降舵 Elevators are control surfaces connected to the horizontal stabilizer and are used to pitch the aircraft. <5> stabilator 全动式水平尾翼 Stabilators are control surfaces which provide both horizontal stability and pitch control for the aircraft.
Module I Terminology Project I Aviation Terms Unit 1 Aircraft’s Type Unit 2 Aircraft’s Structure Unit 3 Aircraft’s System
飞机培训课件英文版：EX#25A Night Circuit generic
• Similar to Soft Field Technique.
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
Night Rating Requirement
Total of 20 hrs in aeroplanes: • A min. of 5 hours Dual, two of which must
be a x-country flight. • A min. of 5 hours Solo with 10 takeoffs
PGI – EXERCISE #25A NIGHT CIRCUIT
200612810807
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
Aerodrome Lighting
• Wind Sock has a light inside of it.
• ARCAL lighting: Type J / K, see CFS for description.
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
a clear night • 20 to 30 flashes per minute
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
Night Rating Requirement
Total of 20 hrs in aeroplanes: • A min. of 5 hours Dual, two of which must
be a x-country flight. • A min. of 5 hours Solo with 10 takeoffs
PGI – EXERCISE #25A NIGHT CIRCUIT
200612810807
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
Aerodrome Lighting
• Wind Sock has a light inside of it.
• ARCAL lighting: Type J / K, see CFS for description.
Enabling Objectives
• Requirements (Night Rating and Aircraft). • Pre-flight inspection / engine start and run-up,
a clear night • 20 to 30 flashes per minute
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FLIGHT CONTROLS Types of Control Devices
THE ELEVATOR
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At the rear of the fuselage of most aircraft one finds a horizontal stabilizer and an elevator. The stabilizer is a fixed wing section whose job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight. The horizontal stabilizer prevents up-and-down, or pitching, motion of the aircraft nose. The elevator is the small moving section at the rear of the stabilizer that is attached to the fixed sections by hinges. Because the elevator moves, it varies the amount of force generated by the tail surface and is used to generate and control the pitching motion of the aircraft. There is an elevator attached to each side of the fuselage. The elevators work in pairs; when the right elevator goes up, the left elevator also goes up. This slide shows what happens when the pilot deflects the elevator.
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The two photos below show a bottom and top view of a fixed slot in a light aircraft wing
BOTTOM VIEW
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TOP VIEW
Slats
• On large transport aircraft, and some light aircraft, the slot closes during cruise. A device called a slat can be extended for takeoff and landing to achieve the same effect as the fixed slot shown above. The photo to the right shows the slats on a DC-9 • The diagram to the right shows how the slot allows high speed air from under the wing to flow through. • The slot is designed to accelerate the airflow and merge it with the boundary layer on the top of the wing. • As a result, the stall is delayed.
FLIGHT CONTROLS - 101
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FLIGHT CONTROLS Primary
Theory & Design
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Conventional Design
A conventional airplane is one which has a separate main wing and horizontal tail and with the horizontal tail behind the main wing. An example of a conventional airplane is shown to the left. The most common control arrangement on the Conventional Airplane is Ailerons on the main wing for roll control and a horizontal tail known as the Stabilizer with moveable Elevators for pitch control. There is also a Vertical Fin with a Rudder for directional or Yaw control. Sometimes the fixed stabilizer and separate movable elevators are replaced by a single moving horizontal tail known NTROLS Leading Edge Devices
Fixed Slots • On most light aircraft slots are formed between the wing and the flaps. We will discuss flaps below. But, first we must consider how slots increase the CLmax of the wing.
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TYPES OF SLATS
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The diagram to the right shows how the CL vs. AOA graph changes with a leading edge slot. • Note that the slot (or slat) has no effect on the lift produced by the wing at small angles of attack. • The primary effect of the slot is to increase the stalling angle of attack and thereby the CLmax. • When you fly an aircraft with slots you will notice that the aircraft can be flown at a much greater angle of attack, without stalling, than a similar aircraft without slots.,