跨文化交际stereotypesPPT课件
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跨文化交际 ppt课件
美国人的会话风格
• 其主流语言风格被视为“体谅模式”，主要以 加州为主。
• 另一种语言风格为“参与模式”，以纽约为主 。
交际方式
• 东方人采取单向的保龄球方式。 • 西方人采取的是双向的乒乓球式。
非语言交际差异
非语言交际的定义
• 在交际过程中不是用口头或文字形式进行 信息传递的沟通方式即为非语言交际
• A lucky dog. • As faithful as a dog. 走狗 • Work as hard as a dog. 老黄牛 • 汉语：狗急跳墙，狗血喷头，狗眼看人低，
狗拿耗子多管闲事，狗嘴里吐不出象牙。狗 咬吕洞宾，不识好人心。
（美国）象征着死亡，祭奠亡灵和扫墓时 使用，相当于菊花。（主要用于复活节）
讨论： 鱼在英语中的含义？
• Fish in the air • 水中捞月 • A poor fish • 可怜虫 • A loose fish • 放荡不羁者 • A small fish
颜色词的文化差异，如红色、白色和黄色。 • 红色：happy, health,luck. 红对联、红包、红
3. What’s up? Can’t complain./Same as usual.
2. 东西方称呼语差异
• 东方人在称呼上更强调地位、辈份和身份。 • 西方人则更突出性别和婚姻。 • 东方人通常将姓氏放在名字的前面。 • 亚洲许多国家例如中国、韩国、越南，女
性婚后一般不随夫姓。
• 西方人大多习惯将名字放在姓氏之前，在 西方文化中，女人结婚后要随其丈夫的姓 氏。
• 这一部分需要大家课后去搜索：请找出尽 可能多的手势差异，如ok的手势语，竖起 大拇指的手势语等。
跨文化交际障碍
跨文化交际教程课件
• Neglect the dynamic and changeable nature of culture
Prevention of Stereotypes
• Pay attention to individual differences.
• Reserve the space for independent exploring.
• Be tolerant.
Ethnocentrism
To be ethnocentric is to believe in the superiority of one’s own culture and negatively judge aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own，including the behaviors, communication modes, social customs, managing methods and social values.
Barriers in Intercultural Communication
• Cultural Assumptions • Stereotypes • Ethnocentrism • Cultural Shock •…
LaRay Barna (a famous scholar in intercultural communication) believes that the main barrier in intercultural communication is to assume the cultural norms of one’s own are accepted by other cultures.
Prevention of Stereotypes
• Pay attention to individual differences.
• Reserve the space for independent exploring.
• Be tolerant.
Ethnocentrism
To be ethnocentric is to believe in the superiority of one’s own culture and negatively judge aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own，including the behaviors, communication modes, social customs, managing methods and social values.
Barriers in Intercultural Communication
• Cultural Assumptions • Stereotypes • Ethnocentrism • Cultural Shock •…
LaRay Barna (a famous scholar in intercultural communication) believes that the main barrier in intercultural communication is to assume the cultural norms of one’s own are accepted by other cultures.
跨文化交际概述PPT课件
• A: Okay, thanks for the information, Let’s get together soon.
• B: I’d love to. • A: Good, I’ll give you a call and we’ll make a date for
lunch. • B: If you want, we can make a date now. When are
• 大众交际（mass communication）一般定义为职业化 的传播机构利用机械化、电子化的技术手段向不特定 的多数人传送信息的行为或过程。
三、交际的要素
• 一个完整的交际过程包含了九项要素： 传送者、制码、讯息、通道、接收者、 解码、回馈、环境及噪音。
四、交际的模式
• 语言是人类最重要的交际工具。 • 语言是人类最重要的思维工具。 • 语言是文化的载体。
农民peasant 龙dragon
凤凰phoenix 猫头鹰owl
孔雀peacock 狗dog
• A、B概念意义相同，A有内涵意义，B无内涵意 义
松柏鹤桃 pine /cypress/crane/peach 梅兰竹菊plum
blossom/orchid/bamboo/chrysanthemum 数字
二、交际的种类
• 内向交际（intrapersonal communication）指一个 人自己脑子里在自我交流活动或是自言自语。
• 人际交际（interpersonal communication）两个人 或两个人以上的信息传受过程。
• 组织交际（organizational communication）在学校、 公司、工厂、机关、军队、党派、群众团体等内部的 传播是组织交际。
跨文化交际PPT演示课件
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3. Space and Distance
3.1 Proxemics 3.2 Attitudes Toward Crowding
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3.1 Proxemics
✓ Definition: the study of people’s perception and use of space.
✓ Four categories: intimate, personal, social, and public distance.
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Categories of Distance (cont’d)
• Social Distance (1.3-3m) - colleagues, business partners, people at social gatherings
• Public Distance (beyond 3m) - speaking in public
- direct intrusion into others’ affairs • Shrugging shoulders
- indifferent, powerless, having no secret to conceal
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Postures (cont’d)
• Follow one’s natural habits so often go unnoticed (subconscious in nature)
• May damage your image if you neglect your postures
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2.4 Eye Contact
Direct eye contact • Chinese: avoid • North Americans: appreciate • The British: avoid
3. Space and Distance
3.1 Proxemics 3.2 Attitudes Toward Crowding
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3.1 Proxemics
✓ Definition: the study of people’s perception and use of space.
✓ Four categories: intimate, personal, social, and public distance.
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Categories of Distance (cont’d)
• Social Distance (1.3-3m) - colleagues, business partners, people at social gatherings
• Public Distance (beyond 3m) - speaking in public
- direct intrusion into others’ affairs • Shrugging shoulders
- indifferent, powerless, having no secret to conceal
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Postures (cont’d)
• Follow one’s natural habits so often go unnoticed (subconscious in nature)
• May damage your image if you neglect your postures
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2.4 Eye Contact
Direct eye contact • Chinese: avoid • North Americans: appreciate • The British: avoid
跨文化交际stereotypesPPT培训课件
2019/12/11
Cross-cultural Communication
Stereotyping is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group (Jandt, 2001). An example of a stereotype is the belief that one group of people is lazy or poor, or that another is smart or romantic. A stereotype is an oversimplified statement based on a single characteristic. They are often based on faulty information, they get in the way of knowing people as individuals, and they can lead to serious misunderstandings.
1. What is stereotyping? 2. Think about a situation when someone made a biased
judgment about you or acted unfairly toward you because of your age, skin color, clothes you were wearing, gender, the way you speak, where you live, how much money your family has, or some other reason. 3. How do we acquire stereotypes? 4. How to reduce or eliminate stereotypes in cross-cultural communication? 5. Of stereotyping, prejudice, ethnocentrism, which one can be the most serious cultural bias and the biggest obstacle in cross-cultural communication? Why?
跨文化交际概论 ppt课件
ppt课件
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
在文化学或文化人类学中，“文化”一词通常指 人类社会区别于其他动物的全部活动方式以及活动的 产品。就这一概念的核心内涵而言，它的意义是明确 的。然而专家们给“文化”所下的定义可以说各有千 秋。在众多的关于文化的定义中，文化人类学家泰勒 （Tylor）和马林诺夫斯基（Malinowski）的定义比较 受人推崇。前者着眼于文化的整合性和精神性，后者 着眼于文化的功能性和制度性。
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
在文化学研究领域，通常把文化分为主流文化和亚文化。 也就是说，文化的概念具有层次性，一种整体文化中往往包含 了各种不同的次范畴“变体”，形成某种文化圈内的亚文化圈。
亚文化产生于亚群体，亚群体是某个民族内部的群体分化， 他们在亚群体中享有共同的信仰、价值观、行为准则、交往规 范以及认知模式。不同亚群体之间在所觉、所思、所言、所为 等方面都存在一定的差异，因此，亚文化与主流文化之间，既 有“大同”的一面，也有“小异”的一面。
广义：指人类在历史发展中所创造的物质财富 和精神财富的总和。
在通常情况下，提到“文化”人们首先想到的 是它的狭义方面，即文化的精神形态方面。
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第一章 跨文化交际概述
第一节 文化、交际和语言
2 .文化定势
世界上大多数社会中都可能存在着若干群体或社团，这 些群体或社团对地域、历史、生活方式以及价值观等方面的共 享，使其成员形成、发展并强化了自己独特的文化及与之相适 应的交际文化。在跨文化交际研究中，学者们往往倾向于把某 一文化群体的每一个成员都视为该文化定势的代表或整体文化 形象。这种整体式的文化取向通常被称为文化定势。
跨文化交际与跨文化交际学PPT课件
③ 王福祥、吴汉樱编，《文化与语言》(外语教 学与研究出版社,1994)。
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2）90年代中期以后
出版学术专著 发表相关论文 召开学术研讨会
1995年8月，中国跨文化交际研究会在哈
尔滨成立，此后，每两年召开一次全国性 会议。
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学术专著
关世杰：《跨文化交流学》(北京大学出版社,1995)
第二讲 跨文化交际与跨文化交际学
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一、跨文化交际(intercultural communication)
（一）交际的过程和类型
行为源
编码，形成信息，通过渠道
解码，反应，通过渠道反馈
反应者
交际是一个（或多个人）对另一个人（或 多个人）的行为或行为遗迹作出了反应。
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交际的类型
划分标准
交际类型
格林教授和夫人鞠躬 敬请赐复。
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Invitation
Director of the Institute of Atomic Energy requests the pleasure of the company of
Mr. and Mrs. Dickens at a dinner party
in honor of Mr. Liu Wenling senior engineer of the Institute of Atomic Energy
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一些不宜用“姓＋职务”表示的词
中国文化中称呼“姓＋职务”这种类型的，有 些翻译成英文不宜直译，如主任、局长、科长、 老师等。
对于教师的称呼很多，主要有三种： Sir./Ms.；
Mr./Ms.＋姓；直呼其名。 不能是“姓＋teacher”，也不能是直呼别人
跨文化交际(英文PPT)
the issues concerning intercultural communication .
III. Plan.
1.Required Textbook :Communication Between Cultures (Third Edition)By Larry A. Samovar Richard E. Porter Lisa A. Stefani 2000 2. Time schedule: 36 periods in one term. 1).Introduction to Intercultural Communication ;4periods 2).Part I Communication and Culture; 8 periods 3).Part II The Influence of Culture ; 8 periods 4).Part III From Theory of Practice; 8 periods 5).Part IV Knowledge into Action; 8 periods 3. Evaluation will be based on: 1)Attendance and participation. 2)Project presentation and handout (the required essay ). 3)Final examination.
The book is divided into four interrelated parts, including 10 chapters: (Look at P.F28)
Part I introduces the study of communication and culture(Chapter1-2);
III. Plan.
1.Required Textbook :Communication Between Cultures (Third Edition)By Larry A. Samovar Richard E. Porter Lisa A. Stefani 2000 2. Time schedule: 36 periods in one term. 1).Introduction to Intercultural Communication ;4periods 2).Part I Communication and Culture; 8 periods 3).Part II The Influence of Culture ; 8 periods 4).Part III From Theory of Practice; 8 periods 5).Part IV Knowledge into Action; 8 periods 3. Evaluation will be based on: 1)Attendance and participation. 2)Project presentation and handout (the required essay ). 3)Final examination.
The book is divided into four interrelated parts, including 10 chapters: (Look at P.F28)
Part I introduces the study of communication and culture(Chapter1-2);
跨文化交际stereotypesppt
4. Stereotypes are harmful in cross-cultural communication, but we have some ways to reduce or eliminate them.
11.05.2020
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Discussion Questions:
1. What is stereotyping? 2. Think about a situation when someone made a biased
11.05.2020
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Stereotyping is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group (Jandt, 2001). An example of a stereotype is the belief that one group of people is lazy or poor, or that another is smart or romantic. A stereotype is an oversimplified statement based on a single characteristic. They are often based on faulty information, they get in the way of knowing people as individuals, and they can lead to serious misunderstandings.
11.05.2020
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Complete the following sentences, then check the answers to see if there is any prejudice and bigotry in them:
11.05.2020
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Discussion Questions:
1. What is stereotyping? 2. Think about a situation when someone made a biased
11.05.2020
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Stereotyping is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group (Jandt, 2001). An example of a stereotype is the belief that one group of people is lazy or poor, or that another is smart or romantic. A stereotype is an oversimplified statement based on a single characteristic. They are often based on faulty information, they get in the way of knowing people as individuals, and they can lead to serious misunderstandings.
11.05.2020
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Complete the following sentences, then check the answers to see if there is any prejudice and bigotry in them:
跨文化交际stereotypes-文档资料
❖ Nationality: All Germans like to drink beer./Germans have rules, regulations and laws for everything.
❖ Education level: All those with little schooling do not know how to use computers.
❖ Places: New York is a hotbed of all crimes.
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Small towns are safe and clean.
❖
In England, it rains all the time.
❖ Things: All luxurious cars are made in Germany.
❖ They cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true when it may not be.
❖ Stereotypes also impede communication when they cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true of any one individual.
❖ Religion: All Catholics love the Pope more than their country.
❖ Profession : All salesmen are deceitful./All air stewardesses are tall and beautiful.
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The damaging effect of stereotypes
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06.08.2020
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Complete the following sentences, then check the answers to see if there is any prejudice and bigotry in them:
a) All the students in PE Dept. are b) All politicians are c) All female doctor holders are d) All Harvard graduates are e) All rich men f) All university/college teachers are g) Her boyfriend is from the north, so he must be h) His grandfather is a history professor, so he must be i) He drives BMW, so he must be Examples of stereotypes
Barriers to Cross-cultural Communication
❖ Stereotypes
❖ Prejudice
❖ Ethnocentriswill learn that
1. Stereotypes keep us from being successful as communicators because they are oversimplified, overgeneralized, and exaggerated.
4. Stereotypes are harmful in cross-cultural communication, but we have some ways to reduce or eliminate them.
06.08.2020
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Discussion Questions:
1. What is stereotyping? 2. Think about a situation when someone made a biased
3. Parents, teachers, limited personal contact and the media (movies, TV programs, advertising, newspapers, books and magazines, and even school textbooks) help to make stereotypes.
judgment about you or acted unfairly toward you because of your age, skin color, clothes you were wearing, gender, the way you speak, where you live, how much money your family has, or some other reason. 3. How do we acquire stereotypes? 4. How to reduce or eliminate stereotypes in cross-cultural communication? 5. Of stereotyping, prejudice, ethnocentrism, which one can be the most serious cultural bias and the biggest obstacle in cross-cultural communication? Why?
❖ Stereotype are general ideas of a person, created without taking the whole person into account. When we stereotype a group of people, we depict all of the individuals within that group as having the same characteristics even though they are probably all very different.
2. Stereotypes can have a negative effect when people use them to interpret behavior. They are one of the most difficult stumbling block to overcome in cross-cultural communication.
06.08.2020
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Stereotyping is assuming that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group (Jandt, 2001). An example of a stereotype is the belief that one group of people is lazy or poor, or that another is smart or romantic. A stereotype is an oversimplified statement based on a single characteristic. They are often based on faulty information, they get in the way of knowing people as individuals, and they can lead to serious misunderstandings.
06.08.2020
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What is stereotyping?
❖ People often use labels or categories to describe others, these labels can be based on such characteristics as clothing, looks, the way a person talks, or the groups to which he or she belongs. People often make assumptions about groups of people they don't even know.