吴定柏《美国文学大纲》笔记和考研真题详解(美国犹太作家)【圣才出品】

第13章美国犹太作家

13.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Overview

1. Background

2. Emergence of Jewish Writers in America

Ⅱ. Saul Bellow (1915-2005)

1. Life

2. Literary Career

3. Comment

Ⅲ. Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-1991)

1. Life

2. Literary Career

Ⅳ. Bernard Malamud (1914-1986)

1. Life

2. Literary Career

3. Comment

Ⅴ. Philip Roth (1933-)

1. Life

2. Literary Career

Ⅵ. General Comment

Ⅰ. Overview

1. Background

American literature draws from the great cultural diversities as contributed by all immigrant, ethnic, and regional groups in the country.

2. Emergence of Jewish Writers in America

First, they followed European tradition of realism rather than American spirit of romanticism. Abraham Cahan (1860-1951) was the first immigrant writer and the first major Jewish American author to assert a strong American literary voice. Mary Antin (1881-1949) was a Jewish-immigrant woman from Russia. She described her rebirth as an American in her autobiography The Promised Land(1912). The full arrival of competent mature Jewish literature occurred by the end of World War Ⅱ. Ⅰ. 概述

1. 背景

美国文学从所有的移民、民族和地域团体中所形成的多样文化中吸取了很多。

2. 美国犹太作家的出现

犹太作家最初进行文学创作时，他们遵循的是欧洲现实主义传统而非美国浪漫主义精神。亚伯拉罕·卡罕（1860-1951）是第一位移民作家、第一位重要的犹太美国作家，并且发出了维护美国文学的强大呼声。玛丽·安廷（1881-1949）是一位来自俄国的女性犹太移民。她在她的自传《应许之地》（1912）描写了她作为美国人的重生。成熟的犹太文学创作在第二

次世界大战结束前才开始。

Ⅱ. Saul Bellow (1915-2005)

1. Life

Bellow was born in Quebec, Canada. He grew up in the Jewish ghetto of Montreal and was raised under the influence of a strongly Jewish mother. In 1933 he attended the University of Chicago. He became a thorough intellectual and read widely in many subjects. During World War Ⅱ he served in the Merchant Marine and then settled down to teach and write.

2. Literary Career

Bellow’s first novel, Dangling Man was published in 1944. His second novel was The Victim (1947). He received National Institute of Arts and Letters grant in 1952, and in 1953 he produced The Adventures of Augie March, which won him the National Book Award and established his reputation as a major writer. He received the 1976 Nobel Prize because “the human understanding and subtle analysis of

c ontemporary culture are combine

d in his work”.

3. Comment

Bellow is reputed for interpreting the struggle of city dwellers to define their roles and responsibilities in the modem world. His frequent criticism of modem American life is both bitter and loving. Bellow was the first important Jewish novelist to begin publishing in the mid-1940s.

Ⅱ. 索尔·贝娄(1915-2005)