高考英语作文 言简意明的非谓语动词

学案(七)言简意明的非谓语动词

众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而作文中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。而恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅显得句式多样、句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑、言简意明。

一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句

写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：

[示例]

第一步：写出两个简单句。

①I want to improve myself by reading some books.

②The books were written in the Tang Dynasty.

第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。

第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词write与主语the books之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作定语。

I want to improve myself by reading some books written in the Tang Dynasty.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)

其他几个转换的例子如下：

①Mount Tai stands in Shandong Province. It has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.

→Standing in Shandong Province, Mount Tai has long been a popular tourist attraction, with many Chinese legendary stories attached to it.(2017·北京高考书面表达)

②In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”．

It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.

→In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”，aiming to introduce American customs and the life of high school students.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) [即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换

1．All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.

→All_the_people_here_like_the_novel_written_by_Tom.(用过去分词作定语)

2．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.

→The_boy’s_coming_to_school_late_again_made_the_teacher_very_angry.(用动名词作主语)

3．The students were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.

→The_students_were_making_the_most_of_time_so_as_to_finish_the_work_earlier.(用动词不定式作目的状语)

二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句

用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，并把握好动词的时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。

[示例]

第一步：写出复合句。

Since you have realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.

第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主动关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。

Having realized that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)

其他转换的例子如下：

Because I thought that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.

→Thinking that his solution might be wrong, I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way.(2015·湖北高考短文写作)

[即时演练]用非谓语动词进行句型转换

1．If it is carried out continuously, it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.

→Carried_out_continuously,_it_will_benefit_all_of_us_greatly_and_we_are_sure_to_m ake_obvious_progress.

2．When we are faced with difficulties, we need friends to give us comfort and help.

→Faced_with_difficulties,_we_need_friends_to_give_us_comfort_and_help.

3．When I know that our library is going to buy some books, I’d like to give some suggestions.

→Knowing_that_our_library_is_going_to_buy_some_books,_I’d_like_to_give_some_suggestions.

4．After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.

→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.

三、非谓语动词的常用句型

1．remain to be done “有待于被……”

Many questions have to be settled and much remains to be done in our educational work.

我们的教育工作中还有许多问题要解决，还有许多事情要去做。

2．疑问词＋to do

Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.(2015·北京高考书面表达)

上周二，我们班邀请了一位老工匠来教我们怎样捏面人。

3．连词when/while/once/unless/although ...＋doing/done

While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists’works.

当参观艺术展览时，我们讨论了伟大艺术家们的作品。

4．easy/difficult/hard ...to do ...

In some experts’opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.

在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件艰苦得难以忍受。

5．prefer to do ... rather than do .../would rather do ... than do .../would do ... rather than do ... “宁愿做……，而不愿做……”

Nowadays some teenagers prefer to chat with strangers online rather than talk with their parents face to face.

如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面交谈。

6．having done ...“已经……”

Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.(2014·江西高考单选)

我们几乎把所有的钱都花完了，没有钱住宾馆了。

7．by doing ... “通过做……”

Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way he could imagine to handle stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.

在激烈竞争的环境下，他唯一能想到的应对压力的方式就是通过更加努力使自己变得更坚强。

8．only to do sth. (表示出乎意料的结果)

What’s worse, I found myself having a fever this morning and I went to the clinic for immediate treatment, only to be advised to stay in bed for three days.

更糟糕的是，今天早晨我发现自己发烧，立刻去诊所治疗，结果被建议卧床休息三天。

9．judging by/from ... “根据……判断”

Judging from the expression on her face, she must have news of great excitement to tell us.

从她脸上的神情看，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。

10．compared with/to ... “与……比较”

Compared to the traditional shoes, they have three new unique functions.(2014·湖南高考写作)

与传统的鞋相比，它们有三个新的独特功能。

11．be said/reported/considered ...to do ... “据说/报道/认为……”

A bus full of passengers was reported to have gone out of control on a highway south of the city.

据报道，一辆满载乘客的公共汽车在市南的一条公路上失去了控制。

12．with＋宾语＋宾语补足语

In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a shabby wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.(2015·福建高考满分作文)

在图画中，一个穿着破旧衣服的男孩坐在破旧的木桌旁边，桌上有一堆书简。

[即时演练]用非谓语动词补全句子

1．(2016·北京高考书面表达)在写这本书时，由于亲自品尝过一些不知名的植物，李时珍遭受了很多折磨。

While_writing_the_book,_Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.

2．(2016·天津高考书面表达)回顾过去的两周，我们情不自禁想起了我们课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。

Looking_back_on_the_past_two_weeks,_we can’t help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.

3．(2014·江西高考书面表达)我非常荣幸在这里与你们分享我的关于高中学习方面的观点。

It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what_to_learn in senior high school.

4．他所有的注意力都集中到那本书上，我进来时他没有注意到。

With_all_his_attention_fixed_on_the_book,_he didn’t notice when I came in.