长春理工大学期末考试试题
长春理工大学版试卷及答案（3）
长春理⼯⼤学版试卷及答案（3）⼀、填空题（每空1分，共10分）通过主切削刃上某⼀指定点，同时垂直于该点基⾯和切削平⾯的平⾯是。
2. 研磨可降低加⼯表⾯的粗糙度，但不能提⾼加⼯精度中的精度。
3. 机床主轴回转误差的基本形式包括主轴径⾓度摆动、轴线窜动和。
4. 机械加⼯表⾯质量包括表⾯粗糙度、和表⾯层物理机械性能的变化。
5. 在机械加⼯中，⾃激振动的激振机理通常包括负摩擦颤振原理、再⽣颤振原理和。
6. 机械加⼯中选择机床时，要求机床的尺⼨规格、加⼯效率及等与⼯件本⼯序加⼯要求相适应。
7. 机械加⼯中定位基准与设计基准不重合时，⼯序尺⼨及其偏差⼀般可利⽤进⾏计算获得。
8. 在车床上⽤两顶尖装夹加⼯细长轴时，⼯件会产⽣误差。
9. 切削加⼯45钢时通常应采⽤类或YW类硬质合⾦⼑具。
⼆、名词解释（每⼩题2分，共10分）2. ⼑具标注后⾓3. 砂轮的组织4. ⼯序余量5. ⼯艺规程三、单项选择题（选择正确答案的字母填⼊括号，每⼩题1分，共10分））。
A. 保证技术要求B. 便于实现粗基准C. 尽快加⼯出精基准D. 便于选择精基准2. 夹具精度⼀般是零件精度的（）A. 1/3～1/5B. 1/2C. 相同D. 1/103. 从概念上讲加⼯经济精度是指（）A.成本最低的加⼯精度B.正常加⼯条件下所能达到的加⼯精度C.不计成本的加⼯精度D. 最⼤⽣产率的加⼯精度4. 控制积屑瘤⽣长的最有效途径是（）A. 改变切削速度B. 改变切削深度C. 改变进给速度D. 使⽤切削液5. 在⿇花钻头的后⼑⾯上磨出分屑槽的主要⽬的是（）。
A.利于排屑及切削液的注⼊B.加⼤前⾓，以减⼩切削变形C. 减⼩与孔壁的摩擦 D. 降低轴向⼒6. ⾃为基准是以加⼯⾯本⾝为精基准，多⽤于精加⼯⼯序，这是为了（）。
A. 保证符合基准重合原则B. 保证符合基准统⼀原则C. 保证加⼯⾯的余量⼩⽽均匀 D 保证加⼯的形状和位置精度7. 在切削铸铁时，最常见的切屑类型是（）。
长春理工大学版试卷及答案(1)
一、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1、0是前角的符号，是在正交平面内测量的前刀面与基面的夹角。
2、sλ是刃倾角的符号，是在切削平面内测量的主切削刃与基面的夹角。
3、过选定点，垂直于切削刃在基面内投影的剖面叫正交平面。
v-中，m代表的是v对T的影响程度，m越大，4、在刀具寿命关系式T影响越小，m越小，影响越大。
5、砂轮的硬度是磨粒受力后从砂轮表面脱落的难易程度，工作材料硬，应选用硬度较软砂轮，磨削有色金属等软材料时，应选用较硬砂轮。
f应减小。
6、为减小加工表面的理论粗糙度，7、车床主轴轴线与车床导轨在水平面内不平行，加工出的工件形状是锥形；在铅垂面内不平行，加工出的工件形状是鞍形。
8、按工序的加工要求，工件应限制的自由度数未予限制的定位，称为欠定位；工件的同一自由度被两个或两个以上的支承点重复限制的定位，称为过定位。
二、简答题（每小题4分，共16分）YG8、YT5、YG3、WI8Gr4V是什么刀具材料？其组成成分是什么？各适合于加工哪类工件材料？在怎样的加工要求下选用？（4分）答：YT30是硬质合金、含TiC30%、适合加工钢、粗加工；（1分）YG8是硬质合金、含Co8%、其余成分为WC、适合加工铸铁及有色金属、粗加工；（1分）YT5是硬质合金、含TiC5%、适合加工钢、精加工；（1分）W18Gr4V是高速钢刀具材料，表示含W18%、含Gr4%，含V1%。
高速钢刀具材料适合加工钢，易做成复杂刀具使用。
（1分）2、机械加工过程中的强迫震动与自激震动的区别有哪些？产生自激震动的条件是什么？答：机械加工过程中的强迫振动：1）由外部激振力引起2）强迫振动频率等于外部激振力频率3）偶然性的外界干扰引起的强迫振动会因阻尼的存在而逐渐衰减。
（1分）机械加工过程中的自激振动：1）无周期外部激振力引起2）自激振动的频率接近于系统某一固有频率3）不因有阻尼的存在而衰减为零。
（1分）产生自激振动的条件：在一个振动周期内，系统从电机吸收的能量大于系统对外界作功消耗的能量，则系统产生自激振动。
2021年长春理工大学数据科学与大数据技术专业《计算机组成原理》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2021年长春理工大学数据科学与大数据技术专业《计算机组成原理》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、某计算机使用4体交叉编址存储器，假定在存储器总线上出现的主存地址（十进制）序列为8005，8006，8007，8008，8001，8002，8003，8004，8000，则可能发生访存冲突的地址对是（）。
A.8004和8008B.8002和8007C.8001和8008D.8000和80042、某机器的主存储器共32KB，由16片16K×l位（内部采用128×128存储阵列）的DRAM芯片字和位同时扩展构成。
若采用集中式刷新方式，且刷新周期为2ms，那么所有存储单元刷新一遍需要（）个存储周期。
A.128B.256C.1024D.163843、某数采用IEEE754标准中的单精度浮点数格式表示为C6400000H，则该数的值是（）。
A.-1.5×213B.-1.5×212C.-0.5×213D.-0.5×2124、下列为8位移码机器数[x]移，当求[-x]移时，（）将会发生溢出。
A.11111111B.00000000C.10000000D.011l1l115、在补码加减交替除法中，参加操作的数和商符分别是（）。
A.绝对值的补码在形成商值的过程中自动形成B.补码在形成商值的过程中自动形成C.补码由两数符号位“异或”形成D.绝对值的补码由两数符号位“异或”形成6、总线的通信控制主要解决（）问题。
A.由哪个主设备占用总线B.通信双方如何获知传输开始和结束C.通信过程中双方如何协调配合D.B和C7、在链式查询方式下，若有N个设备，则（）。
A.只需一条总线请求线B.需要N条总线请求线C.视情况而定，可能一条，也可能N条D.以上说法都不对8、假定编译器对高级语言的某条语句可以编译生成两种不同的指令序列，A、B和C三类指令的CPl和执行两种不同序列所含的三类指令条数见下表。
英语实用综合教程第二册期末试卷-长春理工大学
I. Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of three sections.Section A (1%×5 = 5%)Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are five recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both thedialogues and questions will be spoken only ONCE. When you hear a question, youshould decide on the correct answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and Dgiven in your test paper. Then you should write the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.Example:You will hear: M: Would you please give Mr. Right a message?W: Sorry. Mr. Right is having a holiday in Chicago.Question: What does the woman mean?You will read:A. The woman is busy working.C. Mr. Right is in his office. B. The woman cannot take the message.D. Mr. Right will be back soon.From the dialogue we learn that Mr. Right is away for ho liday. Therefore, choice B. ”The woman cannot take the message” is the correct answer. You should write B on your Answer Sheet. Now the test begins.1. A. The man doesn’t enjoy his workC. The man is an applicant. B. The man enjoys his work.D. The man is a shop assistant.2. A. The man turns down the offer.C. The man accepts the soft drink. B. The man is annoyed by the offer.D. The man prefers tea to fruit juice.3. A. The Prime Minister is in China.C. The man knows the news from BBC. B. The person they are talking about is a male.D. They are talking about the President.4. A. The man is in New Jersey.C. The man is reading a magazine. B. The man is writing a story.D. The man is reading a story.5. A. The man is visiting Hongkong on holiday. B. The man’s parents are on business.C. The man’s parents are visiting Hongkong.D. The man is visiting Hongkong on business. Section B (1%×5 = 5%)Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There is one recorded conversation in it. After the conversation, there are some recorded questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only ONCE. You shoulddecide on the correct answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D in your testpaper and then you should write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6. A. Christine and James are engaged. B. Christine and James are married.C. Christine and James are giving a party.D. Christine and James are traveling.7. A. In the summer.C. In the autumn.B. In the winter. D. In the spring. 8. A. It is not expensive there.C. It is very beautiful there. B. Her parents live there.D. James’ parents live there.9. A. They are going to buy a flat or a small house somewhere in St. Albans.B. They are going to buy a flat or a small house somewhere in South London.C. They are going to rent a flat or a small house somewhere in North London.D. They are going to rent a flat or a small house somewhere in South London.10. A. No. She’s looking for another job after engagement.B. Yes. She would stay at home after marriage.C. No. She is going to give up her present job but she may look for another one after marriage.D. No. She would not give up her job even after marriage.Section C (1%×10 = 10%)Directions: This section is to test your ability in dictation. You will hear a recorded passageTWICE. When you are listening to the passage, try to fill in the blanks with words,phrases or sentences according to what you hear from the recording. Please writeyour answers on the Answer Sheet.A famous at an American university. ”I’mgoing to tell you how to live a announced. ”The is very simple. All you have to do is every morning, work at least 10 hours a day and stood up. ”My father did all those things and yet he died (1) -year-old millionaire once gave a life and how to get ve ry rich at the same time,” helike drinking and smoking. as well,” he said. Aat the age (2) (3) (4) (5)You have to (6) (7) young man in (8) (9)of only 39. How do you explain that?” he asked. The millionaire thought for a moment. ”It’s verysimpl e. He didn’t do them for (10) ,” he answered.II. Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Section A ( 1%×10=10%)Choose the best answer to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences. Write thecorresponding letters on the Answer Sheet.1. After he failed in the business, he ended up _____ nothing to his name.A. to haveB. haveC. hadD. having2. You must know that the difficulties are _____, and everything will be better.A. temper 3. We put up pictures and other _____ in the classroom.A. decorationsB. decisionsC. decorates B. movement C. momentD. temporaryD. decides4. The new book has received _____ attention in China and abroad.A. considerateB. consideredC. considerableD. considering5. It is predicted that the heavy rain last night will badly _____ the crops.A. affectB. effectC. impressD. hurt6. The staff in the kitchen has _____ the message that a customer wants a special dish.A. ordered 7. The price of paper _____ according to its quality.A. variesB. fallsC. exchanges 8. We are justified in _____ equal rights at work.A. needingB. requiringC. wanting B. accepted C. pointedD. receivedD. risesD. demanding9. I did not like the house at the beginning but the new furniture _____ all the difference.A. didB. hadC. madeD. took10. The president was _____ a prize for his great contribution to world peace.A. shiftedB. challengedC. awardedD. appliedSection B (1%×10=10%)Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. Write the answers onthe Answer Sheet.1. They fought to ______ (liberation) the black people from slavery.2. You need to read the ______ (instruct) carefully before you use the machine.3. The two small shops ______ (combination) to make a larger one.4. He could not resist the ______ (tempt) to drink another glass of beer.5. I didn’t ______ (recognition) him at first as we hadn’t met each other for long.6. The chairman agreed to our plan, but with some ______ (reluctant).7. The ______ (miserable) I went through made me realize what life was all about.8. The idea of working for state-owned enterprises is less and less ______ (attract) to youngpeople nowadays.9. That he could eat fifty eggs is an ______ (exaggerate).10. The shopping centre sells a ______ (various) of goods.Section C (1%×10=10%)Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.balancedrole formerly income diet ordinary vegetables expensive quantities explainedThere have been some changes in the people in China, is now playing a less important (2) . While meat and milk are produced intoday, people are having more vegetables.The changes in diet can be by a number of factors. First, people are much better off than before. With a higher (5) , they can afford to buy more foods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of families. Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a diet to their health. If they eat too much meat, they put on weight easily, and lack of will result in poor health. For all these reasons, what was called ”a diet of grain” has become one of varied foods.(1) of the Chinese. Grain, the main food of mostlarge (3) (4)(6)(7)(8)(9) (10)III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Section A (1%×10=10%)Answer briefly the questions after each passage. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Many people seem to know little about physical fitness. Even those who have been exercising for years have wrong ideas about how exercise and their bodies work. Here is one of the most common misconceptions: I’ve been doing 100 sit-ups and side bends a day for weeks. Why can’t I get rid of my fat waist?Because spot reduction is almost impossible. ”When you use fat, it comes from fatty substances throughout the body, not from one specific part,” says Robert M Otto, director of the Human Performance Laboratory at Adolphi University. Sit-ups are fine for strengthening the abdominal muscles, but they won’t melt fat away.So how do you lose fat? It seems relatively simple: just burn off more calories through exercise than you take in through food. Even then the weight problem may be the last to go: There’s a genetic tendency to lay down fat in certain a reas. We lose weight last from the place we put it on first. For most men, that will be in the abdominal or side areas, and for most women the upper thighs, buttocks and arms.1. What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?To correct _____________.2. Where does fat come from when you use it?From _____________.3. Sit-ups cannot melt fat away, but they can _____________.4. Where do men lose weight last?In the _____________.5. Why do men and women put on weight in different parts of the body?There is a _____________.Passage 2On the basis of research that we’ve been doing for the past six years, 40 percent of all Americans, or more than 80 million people, consider themselves shy. Among the notables who have at s ome time in their lives so described themselves are President and Mrs. Carter, England’s Prince Charles, movie star Catherine Deneuve, and TV’s Carol Burnett and Barbara Walters. Many people who publicly do not appear shy nevertheless experience the pain of shyness.Shyness develops out of the particular experiences we have in the home or in school. Our research shows that a quarter of the people who are shy as adults were not shy as children. Shyness makes it difficult to meet new people, and to make friends. It prevents an individual from speaking up, expressing opinions and values. With authorities such as a boss or a teacher, the shy are less likely to communicate effectively or express criticism.Can shy people change their behavior? Sometimes they can force themselves to do things that are difficult. Practice makes perfect.People who have more self-confidence can notice when people are shy and encourage them to talk and praise them when they are successful in their job or studies. Shy people feel miserable much of the time. Others can help them feel more comfortable.6. How many people consider themselves shy?7. How does shyness develop?8. How does shyness make life difficult?9. What does ”practice makes perfect” mean in the third paragraph?10. How can we help shy people?Section B (2% ×5 = 10%)Read passages A to E and complete the statements or answer the questions below. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Read Passage A. Which number would you call if you were looking for a house or anapartment?_____________2. Read Passage B. Which city experienced the biggest decrease in population in the ten-year period?_____________.3. Read Passage C. The product is to _____________.4. Read Passage D. The requirements for the job advertised include strong background, an M.A., a broker’s license and _____________.5. Read Passage E. The postcard mainly describes _____________.ARefer to the following telephone listingLads and Lassies Play School2902 N.W. 22nd Place Land Clearing Service RFD Millville 375-7742 462-1606 372-9636 377-4276Lannon’s Real Estate905 S.E. 2nd TerraceLarry’s Pools Inc.4100 Oak StreetBPOPULATION CHANGES –RECENT CENSUS STATISTICS-------------1970 ========= 1980Oak Hill --------------------------------------------------------------------34,510 ======================================== 34,265 Holly --------------------------------------------------------------------19,451=======================================10,900Avondale ------------------------------------------------------------------- 6,782=======================================15,943Beechwood ---------------------------------------------------------------- 7,569========================================7,620Lakeside --------------------------------------------------------------------1,243======================================== 998CShake well. Dispense into palm. Then smooth over face, legs, shoulders, arms, wherever the skin feels uncomfortably dry.CAUTION: Keep away from flame, fire, or extreme heat above 120F. Keep out of reach of children.DOutstanding opportunity with local real estate corporation. Requires strong background in real estate, financing, closing. Some legal training helpful. Prefer candidate with M.A. and two or more years of successful real estate experience. Broker’s license requ ired. Salary range＄16,000-23,000 commensurate with education and experience. Begin immediately. Interviews will be conducted Tuesday and Thursday, June 10 and 12. Call for an appointment 243-1153, or send a letter of application and resume to:Personnel DepartmentExecutive Real Estate Corporation500 Capital AvenueLawrence, Kansas 67884ENew York, Wednesday evening, 22 JuneDear Eddie,It’s really boiling here in New York; today has been really hot and sunny with a high of 36! I was expecting that there would be some rain, but it was sunny at lunchtime when I went for a walk in Central Park. Paris on Tuesday was sunny too, but not as hot as here. London was warmer than I had expected, but there was some rain in the afternoon.See you on Sat urday. What’s the weather been like where you are?Best wishes.AlanIV. Translation (10%)Section A (2%×3=6%)Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.1. I followed the doctor’s instructions, with the happy result that my life was preserved and is still going on.2. The general manager’s resignation is widely considered to be irrational.3. A lot of theories have been put forward about the possible causes of cancer.Section B (2%×2=4%)Translate the following sentences into English. Write the answers on the Answer Sheet.4. 尽管有很多人参加面试, 我还是成功地得到了那份工作。
长春理工大学试题纸
区分时，最亮的为经过入射面返回的自准像，而次亮的为经过第一个反射面投射到第二个反射面上然后出射会得到的第一对反射像，最暗的为到达第二个反射面上时除了出射光之外还会反射回到第一个反射面然后再出射会得到另外一对反射像。
5、自准直目镜：一种自身带有照明及分划的目镜，常用的包括高斯、阿贝与双分划板自准直目镜。
6、测量误差及分类：测量值与真值之差，粗大误差、系统误差及偶然误差
7、焦距与顶焦距：实际光学系统全孔径全光谱下实际汇聚能量最强的点为焦点，由最后一个面顶点到焦点的距离
8、杂光：叠加到像面上不参与直接成像的有害光束。
附加透镜法，应用已知焦距的正透镜与被测透镜组和为望远系统，检测负透镜焦距的大小。
4、在光学球径仪检测曲率半径方法中，被测曲率半径受哪些因素影响？在检测凸面与检测凹面曲率半径时其检测范围受什么因素的制约？
答：夹持器座定位误差，刻尺刻线误差，投影读数误差，显微镜的两次调焦误差。检测凸面时还要求显微镜的工作距需要大于被测件曲率半径。
三、计算（每小题5分，合计20分）
1、
2、
=
3、在光具座上测量照相物镜的分辨率，通过目视观察可看清4号分辨率板第14组，求照相物镜的分辨率值。b=9.44um,N=
N=
4、
四、作图（每小题5分，合计10分）
1、中间是左暗右亮以次类推
面形为边翘中心凹
2、试画图分析DⅡ-180的光学不平行度与角度误差的关系，在检测过程中会看到多少个像？并画图说明出现这些像的原因，并指出如何区分这些像，以及这些像与角度误差和棱差的关系。会看到五个像。
2022年长春理工大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年长春理工大学工商管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、（）是第一个将管理定义为一组普遍适用的职能的人，他认为管理是人类所从事的一种共同活动。
A．明茨伯格B．法约尔C．德鲁克D．韦伯2、关于计划的实际效果，许多管理学家都进行过仔细研究，其基本结论是（）。
A．制定正式计划的组织比不制定正式计划的组织绩效要好B．制定正式计划的组织不一定就有好的绩效C．制定正式计划会降低组织的灵活性D．好的计划可以消除变化3、“奖金”在双因素理论中称为（）。
A．保健因素B．激励因素C．满意因素D．不满意因素4、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。
A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯5、沸光广告公司是一家大型广告公司，业务包括广告策划、制作和发行。
考虑到一个电视广告设计至少要经过创意、文案、导演、美工、音乐合成、制作等专业的合作才能完成，下列何种组织结构能最好的支撑沸光公司的业务要求？（）A．直线式B．职能制C．矩阵制D．事业部制6、一家公司董事会通过决议，计划在重庆建立汽车制造厂，建设周期为一年，需完成基础建设、设备安装、生产线调试等系列工作，（）技术最适合来协调各项活动的资源分配。
A．甘特图B．负荷图C．PERT网络分析D．线性规划7、下列选项中哪个不属于“组织”（organization）所共同具有的三个特性？（）A．明确的目的或目标 B．精细的结构C．文化 D．人员8、（）不属于创业精神所主要强调的三个方面的主题。
A．对机会的追求B．创新C．增长D．拼搏9、在20世纪30年代，确信管理者的工作是激励雇员做出更多努力，并首先提出组织是一个开放系统观点的学者是（）。
A．亨利·法约尔 B．马克斯·韦伯C．切斯特·巴纳德 D．埃尔顿·梅奥10、在不确定情况下，除了有限信息的影响之外，另一个影响决策结果的因素是（）。
A．风险性 B．环境的复杂性C．决策者心理定位 D．决策的时间压力二、名词解释11、效率12、非程序化决策13、组织文化14、创造力（Creativity）与创新（Innovation）15、路径—目标理论16、管理跨度17、战略18、团队结构三、简答题19、比较群体和团队。
2022年长春理工大学汉语国际教育专业《现代汉语》期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年长春理工大学汉语国际教育专业《现代汉语》期末试卷A(有答案）一、填空题1、根据所提供的发音条件，在括号内写出相应的单韵母。
（1）舌面、前、高，圆唇元音（）（2）舌面、后、半高，不圆唇元音（）（3）舌面、后、高，圆唇元音（）（4）舌面、前、半低，不圆唇元音（）（5）舌面、后、半高，圆唇元音（）（6）舌尖、前、高，不圆唇元音（）（7）舌面、央、低，不圆唇元音（）2、____的差别主要取决于物体振动所形成的音纹波折的曲折形式不同。
3、“明天”“明儿”词义接近，主要区别在于词的______；“成功”“得逞”词义接近，主要区别在于词的______。
4、“很有生气”与“很生气”中的“生气”是______词。
5、联合国六种工作语言包括：汉语、英语、______、______、______、______。
6、汉语最明显的特征是缺乏形态变化，语言单位的组合注重______。
7、______是具有字形归类作用的偏旁，是字书中的各部的首字。
8、东汉许慎的______把9353个汉字归为540部。
9、语序由“主谓宾”变为“主宾谓”，体现了语法演变中______的变化，词语阴性、阳性区分消失，体现语法演变中______的变化。
10、“独立语”可分为插入语、称呼语、感叹语和______。
二、判断题11、汉语一个语素一定与一个音节相对应。
（）12、2“猩猩”是单纯词，“哥哥”是合成词。
（）13、“雨”和“瓜”都是象形字，“甘”和“明”是会意字。
( )14、大多数汉字是指事字。
（）15、用层次分析法分析“最早的麻醉药麻沸散的发明者华佗”的话，第一层关系是定中短语。
（）16、“萝卜快了不洗泥”这个熟语中“快了”是谓语，是陈述“萝卜”的。
（）17、世界上所有语言都具备语音、文字、词汇、语法四大要素（）18、语言规范化是为了消除语言使用中多种方言并存的混乱现象，更好地发挥语言文字的交际功能（）。
19、舌面声母不能跟合口呼韵母拼合。
0长春理工-程硕士管理学期末试题及答案
5．领导工作最能体现管理的艺术性。（）
6．谈判中需要沟通，沟通也就是双方达成协议。（）
7．管理方格理论认为，9.1型领导方式是注重于以人为中心的管理。()
8．根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，人的行为是由主导需要决定的。( )
9．高架型组织结构具有较多的管理层次。（）
A.科学性和艺术性B．社会属性和自然属性C.理论性和实践性D.历史性和现实性
14．( )对于高层管理者重要，对于中层管理者和基层管理者较不重要.
A．人际技能B．技术技能C．概念技能D．组织技能
15．目标管理适合于管理（）
A.工作B.组织C.管理者D.工人
16．一家产品单一的跨国公司在世界各地拥有客户和分支机构，该公司的组织结构应考虑按（）来划分部门。
A．等比级数增加B．等比级数减少C．几何级数增加D几何级数减少。
8．企业文化的核心是（）
A．价值观B．文化水平C．物质财富D．文化素质
9．用“集中政策，分散经营”的组织结构是（ ）。
A.直线型B．职能型C．事业部制D.矩阵型
10．1924——1932年间在美国西方电器公司所做的霍桑实验，标志着（）学说的产生。
A.生理需要B.安全需要C.尊重D.社交需要
5．科学管理的中心问题是：
A.制定定额B.强化刺激C.提高效率D.提高质量
6．管理幅度是指主管人员：
A.直接而有效地指挥和管理下级部门的数量B.职责与权力的范围
C.指挥和管理的全部下属的数理D.直接而有效地指挥和管理下属的数量
7．管理宽度按算术级数增加时，主管人员和下属的关系数值将以（）
19．在勒温的领导风格理论中，他认为效率最高的领导者作风是（）
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5. 设有如下等精度测量的残差方程：
v1 10.08 x1 x2 v2 10.12 x1 x3 v3 10.02 x2 x3 v4 15.18 x1 x2 x3
试求出最小二乘法处理的正规方程及未知量的最佳估计量。(10 分)
3. 已知不等精度测量的单位权标准差为 0.04 ，正规方程为： 6x1 2x2 17.40 2x1 x2 6.32 试求出 x1 和 x2 的最小二乘法处理的最佳估计量及其相应精度。（10 分）
4. 对某一质量进行 6 次重复测量，测的数据（单位 g）为 428.6,429.2,426.5,430.8，428.8，430.6。
已知测量的已定系统误差 1.6g ，测量的各极限误差分量及其相应的传递函数如下表所列。
若各误差均服从正态分布，试求质量的最可信赖值及其极限误差。(10 分)
序号
1 2 3 4 5 6
随机误差 1.5 3.5 2.0 — — —
极限误差 未定系统误差 — — — 1.0 2.0 1.0
误差传递系数
比较两种测量方法精度的高低。(3 分) 2. 下列数据的有效数是几位的？(2 分)
a) ①230 ②18.5 ③0.072 ④ 7.20×10-3 3. 写出等精度测量列标准偏差的几种求法。(5 分) 4. 写出发现系统误差的几种方法（最少写出四种方法）。(5 分) 5. 随机误差的特征。(5 分)
长春理工大学期末考试试题
编号
审核责任人签字
科目
误差理论
参考班级
与数据处理
题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十
总分 命题教师 印数得分ຫໍສະໝຸດ 所有试题答案均写在答题纸上
一、名词解释（每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1.误差 2.系统误差 3.精度 4.权 5.不等精度测量
二、简答题（共 20 分）
1. 用两种方法来测量 L1=100mm 的尺寸，其测量的误差为：1 10m, 测量 L2=80mm 的尺寸，其测量误差为： 2 7m ，试
三、计算题 (共 50 分) 1. 工作基准米尺在连续三天内与国家基准的比较，得到工作基准米尺的平均长度 999.9425mm（三次测量数）；999.9416mm（两次测量 的），999.9419mm（五次测量的），求最后测量结果。(10 分)
2. 如下图所示，用弓高弦长法测量某一圆弧半径 R，得到测量值及其精度分别为：S=500±0.1mm，h=50±0.05mm，已知测量 D 的系统 误差为 3.7mm;试求 R 值及其测量精度。(10 分)