航海英语部分词汇解释

Angle of loll负稳性初倾角，负稳性横倾角，失稳横倾角A ship having a very small negative initial metacentric height GM need not necessarily capsize. This situation produces an angle of loll. 初稳性高度为一个非常小的负值的船舶不一定倾覆。

这种情况产生负稳性横倾角。

As the angle of heel increases, the centre of buoyancy will move out still further to the low side. If the centre of buoyancy moves out to a position vertically under G, the capsizing moment will have disappeared. The angle of heel at which this occurs is called the angle of loll. It will be noticed that at the angle of loll, the GZ is zero. 随着横倾角增大，浮心将缓慢向外移，进一步移到较低的一舷。

如果浮心向外移至船舶重心的正下方某一位置，倾覆力矩将会已经消失。

这时的横倾角称为负稳性横倾角。

将会注意到在负稳性横倾角处静稳性力臂为0。

【美国原题】1. An upright vessel has negative GM. GM becomes positive at the angle of loll because the ______.A. free surface effects are reduced due to pocketingB. KG is reduced as the vessel seeks the angle of lollC. effective beam is increased causing BM to increase有效船宽增大导致BM增大[GM=KB+BM-KG，如果(KB-KG)不变而BM增大，从而导致GM增大并转为正值]。

D. underwater volume of the hull is increased2. The angle of loll is a stability term which applies to a floating MODU with ______. MODU: mobile offshore drilling unit 移动式近海钻井平台A. off-center loadingB. stiff characteristicsC. excessive pitch or rollD. negative initial stability3.A MODU is inclined at an angle of loll. In the absence of external forces, the righting arm (GZ) is ______. righting arm (GZ)复原力臂，也称为静稳性力臂A. positiveB. negativeC. zeroD. vertical4. A floating MODU with an initial negative metacentric height ______.A. will capsizeB. will incline furtherC. may lie at an angle of lollD. may be initially level5.When a floating MODU inclines to an angle slightly greater than the angle of loll, she will ______.A. capsizeB. incline furtherC. flop to the other sideD. return to the angle of loll6. When a floating MODU inclines to an angle slightly less than the angle of loll, she will ______.A. capsizeB. incline lessC. flop to the other sideD. return to the angle of loll7. At an angle of loll, the capsizing moment is ______. capsizing moment 倾覆力矩A. maximumB. negativeC. positiveD. zero8. At an angle of loll, the righting arm (GZ) is ______.A. maximumB. negativeC. positive, but reflexiveD. zeroLiftboat多功能工程船A liftboat is a self-propelled, self-elevating vessel with a relatively large open deck capable of carrying equipment and supplies in support of various offshore mineral exploration and production or offshore construction activities. A liftboat also has the capability of rapidly raising its hull clear of the water on its own legs so as to provide a stable platform from which maintenance and construction work may be conducted.【美国原题】1. You are operating a liftboat. Before starting jacking operations you should ______.A. put the crane in a vertical positionB. close the wheelhouse doorsC. have all personnel don life jackets叫所有人员穿救生衣D. put a watch in the engineroom2. A flooded leg on a liftboat would adversely affect the vessel's stability underway by ______.A. increasing the righting momentB. decreasing the vessel's displacementC. increasing the reserve buoyancyD. shifting the CG (center of gravity) off center3. You are operating a liftboat. When beginning to jack down you should ______.A. jack down one leg at a timeB. jack up first, then down先顶起再往下压C. undog doors to the engine roomD. assemble all personnel on the main deck4. After jacking down your liftboat you have an unexpected list. You find that the only cause of this list must be a flooded leg. Your next course of action should be to ______.A. jack the vessel back up to a safe height将船舶顶回到一个安全的高度B. proceed on to your next destination since the list is unimportantC. pump out all ballast to gain reserve buoyancyD. notify the U.S. Coast Guard5. After jacking down your liftboat you have an unexpected list. You find that the only cause of this list must be a flooded leg. The list caused by a flooded leg means your vessel has a(n) ______.A. negative GM (metacentric height)B. decrease in the GZ (righting arm)C. increase in the waterplane and the metacentric heightD. less chance of deck edge immersion6. You are operating a liftboat. When jacking down and free of the bottom you should ______.A. raise one leg at a timeB. not be concerned about any listC. raise all legs simultaneouslyD. have the crane standing upright7. You are operating a liftboat. When jacking down and a leg becomes stuck on the bottom, you should ______.A. raise the free legs all the wayB. use the engines to rotate about the leg that is stuckC. jack the barge down part way to pull the leg freeD. submerge the barge completely to give added pull8. After jacking down your liftboat you have an unexpected list. You findthat the only cause of this list must be a flooded leg. Raising the flooded leg further would adversely affect the boats stability by ______.A. raising the KG and increasing the draft which may put you in an unsafe operating conditionB. increasing GM and causing a fast rollC. increasing the righting arm on the high sideD. causing the vessel to yaw when underway9. After jacking down your liftboat you have an unexpected list. You find that the only cause of this list must be a flooded leg. To keep adequate stability you should ______.A. get underway with the flooded leg ONLY half raised to reduce KGB. proceed with all legs half raised to lower KGC. pump out all ballast to increase reserve buoyancyD. jack back up and ballast the vessel's high side as necessary10. You are operating a liftboat. In preparation for jacking you should ______.A. make sure walkway is hanging over the bowB. make sure that all boats alongside are securely fastC. check that all equipment on deck is securedD. have all personnel remain in their quartersdrag n.1. See SEA ANCHOR(sea anchor. An object towed by a vessel, usually a small one, to keep the vessel end-on to a heavy sea or surf or to reduce the drift. Also called DRAG, DROGUE.).2. Short for WIRE DRAG(wire drag. An apparatus for surveying rock areas where the normal sounding methods are insufficient to insure the discovery of all existing obstructions above a given depth, or for determining the least depth of an area. It consists of a buoyed wire towed at the desired depth by two vessels. Often shortened to DRAG.).3. The designed difference between the draft forward and aft when a vessel is down by the stern. 当船舶尾倾时首尾吃水间的设计差值。