Edgar_Allan_Poe(1809—1849)埃德加_爱伦坡
Edgar-Allan-Poe-介绍
III Historical position
( I ) He is one of the most famous American Poets, fictionists and literature critics.
Influence
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
Life Experience
Final days: a His wife died in 1847, 10 days after his birthday. b After losing his wife, Poe collapsed from stress and was also in poor health . c He died in October 7, 1849 with some uncertain reasons.
as long as “The Raven”). 3. Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of
爱伦 .坡
A voice from out the Future cries, “On! on!”– but o’er that (Dim gulf!) my spirit hovering lies Mute, motionless, aghast!
未来呼唤我往前奋进， 过去却成了阴挡的沟壑； 口不能张，身不能移，（对照） 我的神志多么惊恐惶惑！（增译）
• 白日的虚幻蒙蒙胧胧 • 夜间的梦境浑浑噩噩（对照）；
Are where thy（your) gray eye glances, And where thy footstep gleams— In what ethereal dances, By what eternal streams.
只见你轻灵的脚步跳荡， 只见你灰色的眼睛闪烁； 伴着那千古长流的溪水， 你的倩影飘忽，舞姿婆娑。
人物评论 一八四八年九月，坡到普罗维敦斯向一个 比他大五岁的寡妇莎拉·海伦·怀特曼求婚， 她对文学也很感兴趣，他在一八四五年认 识她以後，不时互通诗文。但女方家庭竭 力反对，坡追求未遂，十一月间他买了鸦 片，到波士顿企图自杀，没有死成反而大 病一场。复元後他继续追求，怀特曼太太 答应只要他戒酒就同他结婚。谁知临近喜 日，他听了几个青年怂恿，又喝得烂醉， 怀特曼太太受到多方面的压力，只得取消 婚约。
For, alas（哎，天啊）! alas! With me The light of life is o’er（over)! “No more-no more-no more-” (such language holds the solemn（无情的 ） sea To the sands upon the shore) Shall bloom the thunder-blasted (雷劈） tree, Or the stricken（患病的，受伤的） eagle soar!
edgar allan po 报告
埃德加·爱伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe摘要：埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809—1849）是世界上最知名同时也是最有争议的作家之一。
在美国浪漫主义文学的作家中，坡是极具特色的一位。
他是天才诗人，杰出的短篇小说作家，独到的文学评论家，象征主义的先驱，同时也是现代派文学的鼻祖。
在其短暂而又多舛的一生中为自己在诗歌、小说创作和文学评论等各方面赢得了盛名。
坡从事创作的年代,正值美国文学浪漫主义的鼎盛时期,由于他的作品中带有所谓的颓废色彩,与当时蒸蒸日上的美国社会格格不入,于是一度被排挤在美国主流文学之外,后人对他的评价也是褒贬不一。
坡又是一个悖论式的人物，特殊的历史背景和坡坎坷的人生经历造就了他敏感的心灵，他有一种让西方文学界格外青睐的审美情怀；他醉心于美，然而他的作品中美总是与死亡相伴相生。
他一生寥落，却在身后盛名远播，他的诗歌、小说在20世纪上半叶的美国文坛上独树一帜。
本文力图将近几年的研究成果加以整理，从介绍坡的成长背景，时代背景。
阐述坡的独特的宇宙观和审美意象，即人性的孤独，对死亡的赞美，同时介绍坡的创作理念。
向读者展示坡独特的内心世界和创作思路。
消除读者的种种误解，成为坡等待百年的那一个读者。
关键词：孤独死亡恐怖小说唯美主义者一，简介坡的短篇小说可以分为四类：恐怖小说、侦探小说、科幻小说和冒险小说。
影响最大的是他的哥特式风格的作品，包括恐怖小说《鄂榭府崩溃记》（The Fall of the House of Usher）、《丽姬娅》（Ligeia）、《黑猫》（The Black Cat）、《一桶白葡萄酒》（The Cask of Amontillado）等都是哥特式风格的代表。
坡还是西方侦探小说的鼻祖，他善于揣测人的心理活动，运用严密的逻辑推理，他的侦探小说有《莫格街凶杀案》（The Murder in the Rue Morgue）、《玛丽?罗杰疑案》（The Mystery of Marie Roget）、《被盗的信》（The Purloined Letter）等等。
Edgar Allan Poe
11
Death
•Edgar Allan Edgar Poe is buried in Baltimore, Maryland.
12
Death
• 爱伦 坡协会表示，每年都在 爱伦·坡协会表示， 坡协会表示 马里兰州巴尔的摩爱伦坡之 墓留下玫瑰花与法国白兰地 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 的神秘访客，今年没有现身， 这是他61年来首度失约。 61年来首度失约 这是他61年来首度失约。自 1949年 爱伦·坡100岁冥诞以 1949年，爱伦 坡100岁冥诞以 来，一位身着斗篷的人士每 年每年都在他的墓前留下一 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 瓶法国白兰地与几朵玫瑰， 向这位传奇诗人致敬， 向这位传奇诗人致敬，时间 通常在晚上。 通常在晚上。据说曾有约五 十人从头天晚间开始便等着 目睹这位被称为“爱伦·坡祭 目睹这位被称为“爱伦 坡祭 酒”的神秘客，但是徒劳无 的神秘客， 功。
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Selected list of works
Tales
• 《黑猫》（The Black Cat） 黑猫》 Cat） • 《阿蒙特拉多酒桶》（The Cask of Amontillado） 阿蒙特拉多酒桶》 Amontillado） • 《大漩涡历险记》（A Descent Into The 大漩涡历险记》 Maelstrom） Maelstrom） • 《阿夏家之傾倒》（The Fall of the House of 阿夏家之傾倒》 Usher） Usher） • 《金甲虫》（The Gold-Bug） 金甲虫》 Gold-Bug） • 《莉姬亚》（Ligeia） 莉姬亚》 Ligeia） • 《红死神的面具》（The Masque of the Red 红死神的面具》 Death） Death） • 《莫格街谋杀案》（The Murders in the Rue 莫格街谋杀案》 Morgue） Morgue） • 《椭圆画像》（The Oval Portrait） 椭圆画像》 Portrait） • 《陷坑与钟摆》（The Pit and the Pendulum） 陷坑与钟摆》 Pendulum） 15 • 《活葬》（The Premature Burial） 活葬》 Burial） • 《失窃的信》（Purloined Letter） 失窃的信》 Letter）
埃德加爱伦坡英文介绍
埃德加爱伦坡英文介绍Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his macabre and Gothic tales. He was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died on October 7, 1849, in Baltimore, Maryland. Poe's works are characterized by their dark themes, vivid imagery, and psychological depth, and he is considered one of the pioneers of the detective fiction genre.One of Poe's most famous works is "The Raven," a poem that tells the story of a man who is visited by a mysterious raven that drives him to madness. The poem's haunting refrain of "Nevermore" has become one of the most famous lines in American literature. Another well-known work by Poe is "The Tell-Tale Heart," a short story about a man who is driven to murder by the sound of his victim's beating heart.In addition to his fiction, Poe also wrote influentialliterary criticism, including his famous essay "The Philosophy of Composition," in which he discusses histheory of writing and the process of creating a work of art. Poe believed that a work of literature should be short, focused, and have a single, unified effect on the reader.Poe's personal life was marked by tragedy and hardship. He struggled with poverty and alcoholism throughout hislife, and his wife, Virginia Clemm, died of tuberculosis at a young age. Despite these challenges, Poe continued towrite prolifically and his work has had a lasting impact on American literature.Overall, Edgar Allan Poe's contributions to literature are significant and enduring. His unique style and dark themes have inspired generations of writers and readers,and his work continues to be studied and celebrated to this day. Poe's legacy as a master of the macabre and a pioneerof the short story and detective fiction genres is secure, and he remains one of the most influential and iconicfigures in American literary history.。
Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849)埃德加 爱伦坡
His style
1) He was good at generalizing. 2) His style was traditional. 3) He insisted on an even metrical flow in versification.
His position
Poe’s position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on “the heresy of the didactic” and his call for “the rhythmical creation of beauty” have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of “art for art’s sake”. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story.
ANNABEL LEE
It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of ANNABEL LEE; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than loveI and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me.
浅析爱伦坡在《黑猫》中哥特式的写作手法
浅析爱伦坡在《黑猫》中哥特式的写作手法1. 引言1.1 爱伦坡简介埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809-1849），美国著名诗人、小说家、文学评论家。
他的作品以神秘、恐怖、悲伤为特点，被誉为“哥特小说大师”。
爱伦坡擅长运用心理描写和象征手法，通过讲述诡异的故事来探讨人性的阴暗面。
他的创作对美国乃至世界文学产生了深远的影响。
1.2 《黑猫》背景介绍《黑猫》（The Black Cat）是爱伦坡创作于1843年的一部短篇小说。
这部作品讲述了一个名叫普尔的酒鬼，因妻子阻止他虐待一只黑猫而将该猫杀害，随后又误杀了妻子并砌墙藏尸。
最终，黑猫的尸体被发现，使普尔罪行败露的故事。
1.3 研究目的与意义通过对爱伦坡在《黑猫》中的哥特式写作手法进行分析，旨在揭示其独特的艺术魅力，进一步探讨哥特式文学在恐怖氛围营造、人物心理描写等方面的特点，以及对后世文学创作的影响。
此外，本研究还旨在为我国哥特式文学创作提供借鉴和启示。
2. 爱伦坡哥特式写作手法概述2.1 哥特式文学特点哥特式文学源于18世纪末的英国，以恐怖、神秘、超自然和古堡等元素为特点，强调氛围的营造和人物的心理刻画。
哥特式文学作品通常充满紧张、压抑的氛围，以及对人性阴暗面的深入探讨。
2.2 爱伦坡哥特式写作手法爱伦坡是美国哥特式文学的代表性作家，其作品以恐怖、死亡、超自然等主题为核心，运用独特的哥特式写作手法，展现了一种令人毛骨悚然的艺术魅力。
他的哥特式写作手法主要包括以下几个方面：1.独特的叙述视角：爱伦坡善于运用第一人称叙述，使读者更容易进入故事情境，感受到主人公的内心世界。
2.恐怖氛围的营造：通过细腻的描绘和象征手法，爱伦坡将恐怖氛围渲染得淋漓尽致。
3.情节设置与悬念：爱伦坡擅长运用出人意料的情节转折和紧张的悬念，增强故事的吸引力。
4.人物形象与心理描写：通过对人物内心世界的深入剖析，展现人性的复杂和阴暗面。
2.3 爱伦坡在《黑猫》中的哥特式表现《黑猫》是爱伦坡哥特式写作手法的典型代表。
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选
爱伦·坡（EdgarAlanPoe）诗选埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世，他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一，又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖，进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。
他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家，从而导致贫困潦倒。
致海伦海伦啊，你的美貌对于我，就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，驶往故乡的海岸。
你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上，你女神般的风姿，将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，和古罗马的辉煌。
看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，俨然一尊雕像，手提玛瑙明灯，啊，普赛克，你是来自那神圣的地方！安娜蓓尔·李那是在许多年、许多年以前，在海边的一个王国里住着位姑娘，你可能也知道她名叫安娜蓓尔·李：这姑娘的心里没别的思念，就除了她同我的情意。
那时候我同她都还是孩子，住在这海边的王国里；可我同她的爱已不止是爱－－同我的安娜蓓尔·李－－已使天堂中长翅膀的仙子想把我们的爱夺去。
就因为这道理，很久很久前在这个海边的王国里，云头里吹来一阵风，冻了我美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；这招来她出身高贵的亲戚，从我这里把她抢了去，把她关进石头凿成的墓穴，在这个海边的王国里。
天上的仙子也没那样快活，所以把她又把我妒忌－－就因为这道理（大家都知道），在这个海边的王国里，夜间的云头里吹来一阵风，冻死了安娜蓓尔·李。
我们的爱远比其他人强烈－－同年长于我们的相比，同远为聪明的人相比；无论是天国中的神人仙子，还是海底的魔恶鬼厉，都不能使她美丽的灵魂儿同我的灵魂儿分离。
因为月亮的光总叫我梦见美丽的安娜蓓尔·李；因为升空的星总叫我看见她那明亮眼睛的美丽；整夜里我躺在爱人的身边－－这爱人是我生命，是我新娘，她躺在海边的石穴里，在澎湃大海边的墓里。
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• 很久很久以前， 在一个滨海的国度里， 住着一位少女你或许认得， 她的芳名叫安娜贝尔.李； 这少女活着没有别的愿望， 只为和我俩情相许。 • 那会儿我还是个孩子，她也未脱稚气， 在这个滨海的国度里； 可我们的爱超越一切，无人能及—— 我和我的安娜贝尔.李； 我们爱得那样深，连天上的六翼天使 也把我和她妒嫉。
• 柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不宽 的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有坡的 脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独辟蹊径，超 越他，有人会试图发展他的风格，但许多自以 为已经超过他的人其实永远也不可能与他相提 并论。”
• Famous American poet, short-story writer, and literary critic • Most controversial and misunderstood in America • Well received in Europe, England, Spain, esp. in France • Literary output: some seventy short stories and a dozen poems • A: Poems • B: Short stories • C: literary theory • D: one full-length novel: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838)
• Whitman: admit Poe’s genius, but it was “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (terrible) • T. S. Eliot: a critic of the first rank, but with “slipshod writing” (careless)
insists on an even(规则的) metrical flow
Themes
1. death – predominant theme
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
In Europe
• George Bernard Shaw: “the greatest journalistic critic of his time” • His poetry is “exquisitely refined”. • His tales are “complete works of art”. • Baudelaire 波 德 莱 尔 ; 查 尔 斯 · 皮埃尔: “Edgar Poe, who isn’t much in America, must become a great man in France.”
• The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and meYes!–that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
Comments on Poe
• Edgar Allan Poe is the most controversial and the most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature. • “ 我不在乎我的作品是 现在被人读还是由子孙 后代来读。我可以花一 个世纪来等待读者。”
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death
Life Experience
a miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin was adopted by John Allan an unhappy relationship died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849
《亚瑟.戈登.皮姆的故事》
Part III. Major Works
Poems
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
made Poe famous as a poet
The Raven (1844) 《渡鸦》 symbol of his dark doubts Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 and frustrated longing The Sleeper 《睡美人》 “Nevermore”永不再 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 The Bells 《钟》 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 To Helen 《献给海伦》 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
In America
• Emerson: “the jingle man” (noisy) • Mark Twain: His prose is unreadable. • Henry James: “an enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development”
Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加爱伦坡 (1809—1849)
Edgar Allan Poe
（1809—1849）
• • • • • •
Part Part Part Part Part Part
I. Life Experience II Literary Position III. Major Works IV. Point of View V. Style VI. Appreciation
literary theory
• The Poetic Principle <诗歌原理> • The Philosophy of Composition • Review of Twice-Told Tales
评霍桑的<故事重述>
<创作哲学>
Poe’s theory for poetry
poems short but achieve maximum effect produce a feeling of beauty in the reader "pure“, not to moralize He stresses rhythm 真实能够满足人的理智, 感情能够满足人的心灵, 而美则能激动人的灵魂
• And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea.
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
Part II. Poe’s literary position
– Forerunner of western decadent literature – Forerunner of aesthetic literature – Explorer of abnormal psychology – Father of psychoanalytic criticism – Path-breaker of American detective novel – Father of modern short story
His position
Poe’s position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on “the heresy of the didactic” and his call for “the rhythmical creation of beauty” have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of “art for art’s sake”. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story.
Reasons for Misunderstanding
• 1) As a perceptive critic, he wrote some scathing criticisms on distinguished literary figures. • 2) His literary executor sullied his reputation after his death.
2. horror 3.negative thoughts of science