阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
浅谈阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧
ｌａ ． ｏ ｄｓ
６ ． ｅ ｗｏ ｄ ｂ ａ ｓｏ ａ ｄ ０ Ｔｈ ｒ ｓ“ ｏ ｔ ｎ ｌｎ ”ｕ ｄ ｒ ｎ ｄ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｌ ｅ ｎ ｉ
Ｐ ａ ｒ ｐ ｅｅ ｒ ａ ｇ ａ ｈ ２ ｒｆｒｔ ｏ
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Ａ。 ｎ ｍ ａｓｆ ｒｔｋ ｎ ｏ ｄ ａ ｉ ｌ ｏ ａ ｉ ｇ ｇ ｏ ｓ Ｂ． ｒ ａ ｕ ｅ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｇ ｐ ｏ ｃ ｅ ｔ ｒ ｓｆ ｒ ｐ ｌ ｎ ｌ ｗｓ ｉ
一
Ａ． ｒ ｅ ｉ ｇｐ ｉ ｔ ｆｅ ｚ ｎ ｏ ｓ ｎ Ｂ． ｕ ｎ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｂ ｒ ｉ ｇｐ ｉ ｓ ｎ Ｃ． ｌ ｎ ｍｅ ｔ ｇｐ ｉ ｔ Ｄ ． ｏｌ ｇｐ ｉ ｔ ｉ ｏｎ ｓ ｂ ｉｎ ｏ ｓ ｉ ｎ
解析 ： 据 后 一 句 的 ｓ ｃ ｅｍｅｔ ｇ 根 ｕｈａ ｔ ｌ ｓ ｈ ｉ ｎ
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Ｃ． ｅ ｕ ｅ ｆ山ｅｆ ｌ ｕｔｒ ｒｓ ｔ ａ ｒ ｓｏ ｋｃ ｌ ｅ ｏ ｕ Ｄ． ｏ ｌ ｉ １ ａｍｉ ｇｅ ｏ ｏ ｙ ｔｏｓ ｎ ｔ ｅｆｒ ｎ ｃ ｎ ｍ Ｉ
１ １ｈ ｎ ｅ ｌ ｅ ｒ “ ． ］ ｅｕ ｄ ｒ ｎ ｄ ｗｏ ｄ …”ｐ ｏ ａ ｌ ｅｎ ｉ ｒ ｂ ｂｙ ｍ ａ ｓ
在 阅读 中，我 们往 往会 遇到 一 些不认 识 的单词 或短语 ，或 者认 识 的单词 在 文章 中有 了新 的意义 ， 时， 这 我们就 必 须根 据上 下 文对 它们 的意义进 行猜 测 ，使 之 不影 响对 文章 的 理解 。尤 其近年 来 ，猜 测词义 题 难度 略有 增 加 ，需在 较 复杂 的句 式 中通 过上 下文 综合 分 析 才 能得 出答 案。 常见 的设 问方式 此类 试题 主要 有 以下几种 常 见 的设 问方 式：
（融 化 ）ｏ ｅ ｉ ｈ ｅ ｅｎａ ｄ ｏ ｆｔ ｃ ｓｅｔ ｉ Ｇｒｅ ｌ ｒ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｎ ｎ
英语复习阅读理解五大题型解题方法：阅读理解词义猜测
中考英语复习阅读理解五大题型解题方法：阅读理解词义猜测二、考点热点回顾技能训练-猜测词义题1、题型分析：在做阅读理解题时，常会遇到一些过去未曾见过的生词，这类生词的词义许多是可以上下文信息推断出来的，在一些文章中，有时作者在使用一个生词之后，会对该词的含义作一些解释说明；有时作者为了相反的两件事或人，会使用一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比；有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，还会使用同义词或近义词。
2、解题思路与技巧能根据上、下文正确判断灵活变化的词义，才算是真正具备了一定的阅读能力，这种不使用词典而通过上、下文语境来认识生词的能力，是我们学生必备的能力。
一般来说，推测词义的题目中所出现的单词，绝大多数的词学生过去没有见过，这就需要我们在该词出现的不同的上下文中去搜索线索，通过上、下文，就能帮助我们初步断定该词在文中的真正含义。
然后将这个释义带到文中，检查其释义是否贴切，所以，我们见到这种题型不要慌张，要将该词所出现的情景，根据上、下文仔细比较，从中得到该词的确切含义。
二、经典例题（一）Go and watch the baby when he is asleep, see how his chest rises and falls, then rises and falls again.He does not know what he is doing, but he breathes as well as the oldest and cleverest man in the world. He began to breathe when he was born, and he will not stop until he dies, still he does it without thinking about it.See how long you can hold your breath.In some places men dive in the sea for pearls. They pick up shells that hold the pearls, and the longer they stay under water the more pearls they can find. For the reason（原因）they hold their breath for a long time.Watch do see how many times a man draws his breath every minute. Some men breathe fifteen times a minute. An elephant breathes only eight times. It was told that a mouse breathes a hundred and twenty times each minute.No one needs to tell us that what we breathe every minute of every day is air. It is around us everywhere, like wonder sea that we can not see.The word “It” in the last paragraph means .A. wonderful seaB. airC. a mouseD. anelephant（二）Australia nearly as large as the United States, but most of it is too dry for people to live in. Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms. A few of them are as large as the smallest state （州）in America. Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometres away.The two-day radio is very important to people who live in these great Australia farms. It works much like a telephone A person can listen to someone else talk and then give an answer. For example, people on the large farms could talk to a doctor far away. They could tell the doctor about someone who was ill, and the doctor could let them know how to look after sick person. As the large farms were so far from towns, the children could not go to school. Radio schools were started for them in some places. At a certain（某一）time each day, boys and girls turn on their radios and listen to teachers in cities far away.Families on the large farms wanted to give news to their neighbours. The programme “Round Robin” talks by radio were started to keep families in touch with（保持联系）each other. They could talk about who was going away and who was ill. The men could talk about their sheep and cows and how much money the markets would pay for them. In many ways the radio became a newspaper for the farm people of Australia.The word “sick” in the second paragraph means .A. illB. poorC. kindD. healthy三、过手训练AThe world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means（通信设备）. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution（污染）. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules（法规）to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal （煤）in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused（引起）by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means .A. rubbish（垃圾）B. noise pollutionC. air pollutionD. water pollutionBWe live in the “Computer age”. People like scientists（科学家）, teachers, writers（作家）and students use computers to do all kinds of work. But more than 30 years ago, computers couldn’t do much. They were very big and expensive. Very few people were interested in them and know how to use them. Today computers are smaller and cheaper. Since they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people even have them at home.Computers become very important because they can work faster than men and make fewer mistakes. Computers can help people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to write. Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them to study and children use them to play games. Computers can also remember what you put into them. Computers are very useful and helpful. They are our good friends. Do you want to have a computer?What’s the Chinese for “computer age”?A. 计算机年龄B. 计算机时代C. 计算机时间D. 计算机空间C“This is really a very fast game, the fastest one I have seen this year. Both sides are fighting for the ball all the time. The crowd is loving every minute of it. They are shouting at the top of their voices.”“Willis has the ball now. This is only his third game for England, but he’s playing so well that it won’t be this best. I’m quite sure.”“Willis passes the ball to Cotton. Cotton kicks it over the waiting Frenchmen towards the goal mouth. But he’s too far away. Duppont picks it up easily, and throws it to Paton, out the left.”“France and England still have one goal each, and there are only two minutes left. But in that time, anything can happen. Paton kicks the ball across to Grozat. It’s a beautiful kick, but stevens jumps and just stops the ball with the side of his head. But Menier is there. He passes it to Grozat and Grozat, without waiting a second, puts the ball into the back of the goal. It takes everyone by surprise. I have never seen a goal like it.”“And the game is over. France has won the cup.”1. “They are shouting at the top of their voices.” means .A. they are shouting as loud as they canB. their shouting is almost like singingC. they are shouting all the timeD. their voices are as high as they will go2. “In that time, anything can happen.” means .A. nothing more will happenB. there is time for another goalC. the game is nearly overD. anything can happen after the gameD“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has many different meanings.“Cool” can be used to express feeling of interest in almost anythi ng.When you see a famous car in street, maybe you will say, “It’s cool.” You may think, “He’s so cool.” when you see your favourite footballer.We all maximize（扩大）the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. H ere is an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used.A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall（瀑布）though it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）. Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can. And I think they also very good.In the passage, the w ord “express” means .A. seeB. showC. knowD. feelEMr. White has a good black and white TV set. It works very well. But Mr. White’s friend, Mr. Brown, has a new colour TV set. Now everybody on Mr. White’s family wants a colour TV set, just like Mr. Brown has.In the morning newspaper, there is a big ad（广告）. “Special. For One Hour. Colour TV’s On Sale.” Mr. White’s children feel very happy and ask him to buy one at once. But the sale is from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. and Mr. White works during that time.At 2 p.m. Mr. White asks the manager whether he can go home. “All right, take the afternoon off and take care of your family,” says the manager.Mr. White runs to the street and calls a taxi. He tells the driver. “Hurry to Morgan’s Department Store.”The taxi rides cost $ 4.50. Jumping out of the taxi, Mr. White runs into the store. He looks at the store directory（购物指南）: TV sets are on the fourth floor. He looks at his watch. It is now 2:50 p.m. The sale ends in ten minutes. The elevator（电梯）is slow. Mr. White waits and waits for the elevator. Finally, he decides to use the stairs.He walks up to the fourth and is very tired. Finally, he sees a clerk（职员）. The clerk is close to the TVs. There are many beautiful color TVs on the floor.“What time is it, sir?” Mr. White asks the clerk. “It’s 2:25,sir.”Mr. White is happy. “I’m on time. I want to buy a color TV set befor e 3 p.m. I want one of the TVs on sale.” The clerk looks at Mr. White. “We don’t have any TV on sale today, sir.”Mr. White is upset（不安的）. “But the newspaper says today ‘Special sale at Morgan’s from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m.’”The underlined part（下面画线部分）in paragraph 3 means in Chinese.A. 你下午要上班B. 我们下午放假C. 准你下午假D. 你下午要加班FHave you ever heard of the saying, “If you want a friend, be one?” What does it mean?There are many different things that you can do to make friends. You may find out what they are if you watch someone make friends.Here is how one new teacher made friends with the students in her class on the first day of the school. When the bell rang, the teacher smiled at all the students. Then she said, “Good morning. How nice it is to have all of you in my class this year! I want to know each of you very much. I am sure we will enjoy working together.”The teacher smiled, used a pleasant voice（令人愉快的声音）, and acted in a friendly way. She told the students her name and wrote it on the blackboard. Then she told them something she liked to do and hoped to do with them during the year. The students knew that she liked many of the same things they liked. Everyone felt that she meant what she said. Each of them wanted to know her better and be her friend.The saying “If you want a friend, be one.” means .A. if you want to make friends with others, you should be one of themB. you can make friends by doing the things that a friend doesC. you can easily make friends with one of the othersD. you can make one good friend, if you want to四、课后习题AA “Gap Year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university. It is often spent travelling or working. It can give young people useful learning experiences and new skills.Gap years are popular with European and Australian students, but remain less popular in America. However, in recent years, more and more American students are preparing for college by taking a gap year. The advantages of taking a gap year are as follows：Learn about the World and YourselfAlthough you don’t have to go abroad to experience gap years, most gap year students catch the chance to travel abroad. You are able to work out who you are and what you are for. Theexperiences of different cultures offer you interesting lessons. You can learn more about the world and get to know yourself better.Face Challenges and Have FunA gap year is not only a time to take a vacation, but also a time to face challenges. Gap year students usually work, volunteer or take service projects. You have to learn how to get along in the real world. This process isn’t always easy, but it is an important part of growing up. Only in this way can you enjoy life and have fun.Save Money and Improve Your College Admission ChancesThere’s a common thought that gap years are only for rich students, but it’s not true. Actually, taking a gap year can save your money. Gap year students often take a part-time job. Besides, at the end of a gap year, students are much more likely to know what to study in college. Clear learning goals ran keep the students working hard instead of wasting time and money playing. Imagine an admission officer trying to admit (录取) only one between two students. Both of them are excellent and have high grades. However, one student has much practical experience or has volunteered in his vacation. Who do you think the admission officer will choose?1. A “Gap Year” means _______ in the passage.A. going abroad in a year for further educationB. travelling around the world in a yearC. taking a break before going to a universityD. doing a part-time job to make money during a vacation2. Besides having fun, gap year students have to face the _______.A. moneyB. informationC. vacationsD. challenges3. Having a gap year may make you _______.A. become very richB. remain less popularC. experience foreign culturesD. have no chance to break4. The last sentence implies (暗含) that _____ will probably be admitted by the admission officer.A. either of the two studentsB. the student with high gradesC. neither of the two studentsD. the .student with a gap year experience 【答案】1-4 CDCDBIt is a cold and dry winter morning. When you wake up, you feel that your throat hurts. You begin to sneeze and later you may cough. You must have a cold! Wait a moment. Could it just be a common cold or the flu (流感) that’s been going around?A cold gives you a runny nose and cough. But i t’s usually easy to deal with. Some take medicine while others drink herbal tea or chicken soup. Usually you feel better after a week.On the other hand, the flu can be much more dangerous. It usually gives you fever. Sometimes it can cause death. According to an American magazine, the worst flu killed about 50 million people from 1918 to 1919.Don’t worry.If you get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can stop you from getting the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines work by giving the body a small amount of flu viruses. This causes your body to develop antibodies (抗体). So next time you get the flu, the antibodies should help you.The flu virus changes every few years. Therefore, there are so many types of flu, such as H1N1 and H5N1. The antibodies for one type of flu can’t help us against all types of flu.That’s why we need to get the vaccine every year.However, good health habits may also help stop you developing a cold or flu. Washing your hands often helps stop you from getting viruses. It is also important to get regular exercise and eat healthy food. All these can help you strengthen your immune system (增强免疫系统).根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
如何利用上下文猜测词义解读阅读理解题
如何利用上下文猜测词义解读阅读理解题阅读理解题是考察学生理解和推理能力的重要题型，其中利用上下文猜测词义是解读题中的常见技巧。
在阅读理解时，可能会遇到一些生词或陌生表达，但这并不意味着我们无法理解整个句子或段落的意思。
在下文中，将从以下几个方面介绍如何利用上下文猜测词义解读阅读理解题。
1. 上下文暗示上下文暗示是利用前后文信息推测生词意思的一种常见方式。
当我们遇到一个我们不熟悉的词语时，可以仔细观察其前后文的关系，寻找线索。
有时，前文可能会提供一些定义、解释或近义词，以帮助我们理解生词的意思。
同样，后文可能会提供更多解释、示例或类比，帮助我们更准确地推测词语的含义。
2. 词根词缀分析利用词根、前缀和后缀的意义进行分析也是猜测词义的一种有效方法。
许多词语都由基本的词根和不同的前缀、后缀组成。
通过了解常见的词根、前缀和后缀的含义，我们可以猜测出一些生词的大致意思。
比如，"tele"表示远程，"bio"表示生命等等。
此外，一些常见的前缀和后缀也具有特定的含义，例如"un-"表示否定，"-er"表示人或物等。
3. 语境推断理解整个句子或段落的语境也是猜测词义的重要方法。
通过分析句子成分、主谓宾关系、并列关系和因果关系等，我们可以推断出一些陌生词语的含义。
有时，一个动词或形容词在特定语境下的用法可能与我们熟悉的用法不同，但通过整个句子的意义，我们仍然可以推测出其大致含义。
4. 同义词、反义词和总分关系在阅读理解中，有时会遇到一些表达方式的替换，即同义词或反义词的使用。
认识到这种替换关系可以帮助我们准确理解生词的含义。
此外，一些段落也可能以总分关系进行组织，其中前文可能是总的概述，后文可能是具体的例子或细节。
通过对总分关系的把握，我们可以更好地理解生词所在句子或段落的意义。
综上所述，利用上下文猜测词义是解读阅读理解题的重要技巧。
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题
高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the watercatcher）1(单词courier)1（单词contributions）全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables areturned）2(单词downside;代词it)1（短语signed off）全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced）2（代词them；短语a pipe dream）/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种：What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧得阅读者得天下。
要想在高考中得到高分，就必须提高阅读理解的得分率。
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的必考题型，而且利用文章所提供的语境来猜测生词的含义是阅读的必备技能之一。
跟着店铺一起来看如何破解这类题吧!【高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧】词义猜测能力是一项重要的英语阅读技能，同时也是上海高考英语卷对考生阅读能力进行检测的一个重要方面。
综观近几年的上海高考英语阅读理解题，我们可以发现，词义猜测的命题形式大体有以下三个层面：1.猜测一个单词的语境意义，如(上海高考66题)：What does the word “epic” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?2.猜测一个词组的含义，如(上海高考66题)：According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who...3.对具体语境下的特定句子的猜测，如(上海高考73题)：By saying “It could be your grandchildren’s stamp”, Mr Saunders means that forever stamps...【解题技巧】1. 利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义、近义或反义的词语或语句，此时可以通过熟悉的词语以及它们之间的关系来推知生词在文段中的含义。
2. 利用定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读中的生词，尤其是新闻报道及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子。
常见的提示词(语)有to be, to do, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, inother words等，有时也以同位语(从句)、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来引出。
中考英语阅读理解 猜词题 解题技巧
中考英语阅读理解猜词题解题技巧一、了解猜词题的基本要求猜词题是中考英语阅读理解题中常见的一种题型，通常要求考生根据上下文和语墅提示来猜测词语的意思。
考生在解答猜词题时，需要具备一定的词汇量和语境分析能力，同时还需要掌握一些解题技巧，才能更好地完成这类题目。
二、掌握常见的猜词技巧1. 根据上下文猜测词义猜词题通常会提供一段上下文，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和语墅提示来猜测词语的意思。
在猜测词义时，可以通过理解段落主题、分析句子结构、推断逻辑关系等方法来获取线索，进而推测词语的含义。
在以下句子中：“He is a very diligent student and always finishes his homework on time.”我们可以通过上下文来猜测diligent的意思，因为上文提到他是一个“非常勤奋的学生”，所以diligent的意思可能是勤奋的、努力的。
2. 利用语境提示进行词义推断除了根据上下文猜测词义外，还可以利用语境提示进行词义推断。
比如一些词语的前后文会提供一些提示性的词语，这些提示性词语往往可以帮助我们推测目标词语的意思。
在以下句子中：“W hen the teacher asked a difficult question, the students looked puzzled.”我们可以通过后面的“looked puzzled”来推测difficult的意思，因为学生们显然是对这个问题感到困惑。
3. 掌握常见词义辨析技巧在解答猜词题时，有些词语的词义可能会让考生感到困惑，这时就需要掌握一些词义辨析技巧。
比如通过对比近义词或反义词的意思，来推测目标词语的含义。
在以下句子中：“The music was so loud that it was almost deafening.”我们可以通过对比loud和deafening的意思，来推测deafening的含义，因为loud表示“大声的”，而deafening应该表示“震耳欲聋的”。
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
生词或熟词生义的能力。基于此，笔者下面将分别从
根据语境、逻辑关系、解释性信息、指代等方面，分析
词义猜测题的解题技巧，以提高学生的解题技能。
一、根据上下文语境，推测词义
又如，2022 年卷Ⅱ阅读 B 第 4 题：What do the un⁃
A. Provided shelter for me.
解题技巧
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
李园园
词义猜测题在每年高考中都会出现 1-2 道，被猜
测词出现的位置也成为学生解题方向的一个依据。
以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组，甚至可以是一个
derlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?
测的部分通常以下划线的形式被标记，被猜测的词可
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课堂内外
立足“复项主位
复项主位”
”概念
概念，
，开展英语新闻阅读教学
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复项主位是指句子中的主位是由多种功能的结
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报道的对象、主题。
构成分构成，主要包括表示经验、语篇、人际等意义的
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成本以及更好地保护铁路人员安全。其后以数据的
方式，描述了每年花费约 200 亿欧元在铁路上，包括
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure，推 知 用 在
maintenance 上的费用是用于检查与维修铁路基础设
施，故而画线部分表示节省维修成本。根据四个选项
我们睡觉时，就要关在一个大房间里，之后出现 other⁃
高考英语阅读理解解题指导：破解猜测词义题
高考英语阅读理解解题指导：破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题指导
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二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
目录
CONTENTS
3
猜测词义题方法之上下文内在逻辑 关系（下）
4
猜测词义题方法之构词法、熟词生 意、生活常识、不明身份指代
3. Cause and effect（因果法）
在句子或段落中，我们可以根据两个事物或现象之间的因果关系去 推测生词词义。这些因果关系常常借助连接词，如：because，as， since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示出来， 当然更多情况下，这种因果关系是隐藏在内容里，需要考生通过理 解上下文的逻辑来理清关系的。
阅读中猜测词义题的解题策略分析-1
目录
CONTENTS
1 猜测词义题概述
2 猜测词义题种类和设问方式
3
猜测词义题方法之上下文内在 逻辑关系（上）
01 猜测词义题概述
猜词题概述
➢ 意义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型，主要考查学生 利用上下文语境提示来猜测一个单词或短语，代词或一个句子 的意义的能力，在一定程度上还考察学生的逻辑推断能力，是 阅读能力的一个重要组成部分。
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
Q: What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine.
解题分析：本题虽然没有出现明显的提示词，但通过分析句意可以 看出第二句话是对一句话的解释。其中，第一句中的“feed in the juicer frozen bananas” 和第二句中的“feeding frozen bananas into the top of the machine”是互相解释的。 据此可 以猜出 “juicer”应该是一种机器，正确答案是D。
(1). (2016全国卷 II.B) Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail, one would declare, “But I am just not creative.”
(1). (2018全国卷 II.B) If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
(1). (2019全国卷 I.B)
But he is nervous. “I am here to tell you today why you should… should…” Chris trips on the “ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me…” Except for some stumbles Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
2. Synonyms and antonyms
（同义词或类比、反义词或对比转折关系）
(2). (2015新课标全国卷 I.C)
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
03
猜测词义题方法之 上下文内在逻辑关系
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
很多文章中，特别是科技文章，生词的词义可能会在下文中得到解 释或说明。这些解释有时以定义、定语从句、同位语形式出现；有 时用破折号、冒号等符号引出；还有时用that is，or，that is to say，in other words 等词语引出；甚至也可能隐藏在下一句中， 没有任何提示词，需要读者自己去发现逻辑关系。 例如：
A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution
解题分析：首先，“sadly”一词提示我们鸽子数量大对它们来说也 许是不好的事情。第二句话相当于对第一句话的具体阐释。 abundance 换成了abundant, undoing应该对应了killed them by the thousands. 所以，我们大致可以推测出undoing的意思可能是 毁灭或消失的原因, 正确答案是B。
D. silly jokes.
解题分析：句中隐含着对比转折“except for”关系，根据句意 “除了“some stumbles” 之外，Chris的演讲非常棒”可以看出， “stumble”应该是个包含消极意义的词，同时考虑到前面提到的 Chris的发音问题和单词之间的省略号可知，这里应该是指讲话时出 现的不恰当的或过长的停顿， 故此，正确答案应该是A.
➢ 高考英语阅读理解语篇中不可避免地会含有一定的生词量，有 时候即便不是真正意义上的生词，而是该词在新语境下的另一 个意义，也会给学生的理解造成困难。考生在考试中碰到一些 不认识的单词或熟词生意是正常现象，大可不必惊惶失措，也 不要因为纠结某个词的含义而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。 正确的做法是：通过语境和上下文联系，再结合正确的意义猜 测方法和技巧，快速而准确地猜测出生词的词义或该词在新语 境下的意义。
2. Synonyms and antonyms
（同义词或类比、反义词或对比转折关系）
有些文章会通过同义词（表类比关系的连接词 similarly, like, just as, also等）或者反义词(表示对比转折的逻辑连接词on the other hand，however，although，yet，but，unlike，while，not) 等提醒读者，表明作者要使用一个与生词具有相同或相反意义的词 语，如果捕捉到这样的信息，那么猜词义就变得简单了。例如：
Q: What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. 解题分析：句中隐含着类比关系，“with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum”对应的是 “The fine selection of major works was done in close collaboration with Nacional Reina Sofia”。所以，contributions 对应的是major works. 故此，正确 答案应该是A.