2019届高三英语精准培优专练十九：语法填空(解析版)

2019届高三英语精准培优专练十九：语法填空（解析版）

一、真题在线

Passage 1

(2018·全国II·完型填空)

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past

25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than

66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。

61.考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。

62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25

年里。故填the。

63.考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。

64.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词而且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。

65.考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。

66.考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。

67.考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。

68.考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。

69.考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。

70.考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。

Passage 2

(2018·浙江·完型填空)

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not withou t a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home

___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.

【答案】56. dishes 57. who/that 58. it 59. visiting 60. was shocked

61. have become 62. affordable 63. higher 64. weight 65. for 【解析】

56.考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。

57.考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

58.考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out 是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。

59.考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。

60.考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。

61.考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。

62.考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。

63.考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。

64.考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。

65.考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。

二、对点专练

Passage 1

Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom, __1___ cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful. However, decades of economic ___2___ (grow) led to a huge flowing of cars in the city.

Owning one became not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a requirement for marriage. As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,_ 3___ (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.

___4___ (fortunate), now Beijing may be returning to its roots. Thanks to about 20 technology companies,

brightly colored shared bikes ___5___ (flood) into Beijing in the last two years. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes ___6___ the flexibility and freedom they offer. They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop ___7___ off anywhere they like, locking the back wheel, with no need to find a fixed place.

Analyses in China say it is three factors that contribute to bikes __8___ (increase) rapidly: a lot of cash looking for a home, a good idea and government support. “As the city s population grew, traffic jams got ___9___ (bad).” Cai, the Ofo spokeswoman, said, “Shared bikes could solve the ‘last mile’ problem in __10___ environmentally friendly way.”

【答案】1. where 2. growth 3. creating 4. Fortunately 5. have flooded/have been flooding

6. for

7. them

8. increasing

9. worse 10. an

【解析】

1. 考查非限制性定语从句。分析Beijing was once a city of bikes, known as the Bicycle Kingdom, ___1___ cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful可知，本句是一个定语从句。先行词为Beijing,在定语从句中作地点状语，放入后面的从句中为in Beijing，故为in which，表示地点时用where。

2.考查名词。分析句子decades of economic ___2___ (grow) led to a huge flowing of cars in the city.可知，本句的动词grow在句子中被形容词economic修饰，做介词of的宾语，因此要用其名词形式，故填growth。

3.考查非谓语作状语。分析句子As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads,___3___ (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.由于经济的发展，汽车代替了自行车，从而造成了重大的污染和糟糕的交通。汽车代替了自行车，自然而然地导致了后面的污染与糟糕的交通。前面的事情产生了后面的结果，这种情况要用动词ing形式作结果状语，故填creating.

4.考查副词作状语。幸运的是，现在北京可能会回到原来的状态。分析本句可知，形容词fortunate在本句中作状语修饰整个句子，修饰整个句子作状语要用副词形式，故填fortunately。

5.考查现在完成时。句意：在过去两年里，颜色明亮的共享自行车涌入北京。分析句子…brightly colored shared bikes ___5___ (flood) into Beijing in the last two years.可知，本句中含有现在完成时时态标志“in the last two years.”，根据句意可知共享自行车从两年前到现在一直在北京。动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且正在

进行并有可能进行下去，可以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，故填have flooded/have been flooding。

6.考查介词。句意：因为自行车提供的灵活性和自由，当地许多居民接受了共享自行车。介词for在此的意思为“因为”。

7.考查代词。分析句子They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop __7_anywhere they like，可知，上文说人们拿起自行车骑完后把自行车（它们）放在他们想放的地方。分析句子可知，本小题填them。

8.考查非谓语作宾补。分析句子…factors that contribute to bikes8 (increase) rapidly可知，本句的动词increase在此作to的宾语，bikes的补语，而bikes与increase二者是主动关系。因此用动词的ing形式。句意：在中国有三个因素促进自行车的快速增加。

9. 考查形容作表语。分析句子可知，本句中的bad在句子中作系动词got的表语，分析句意可知，本句中是说随着城市人口的增长，交通拥堵变得更糟，可知要用比较级，故填bad 的比较级worse。

10.考查冠词。本句的意思是以一种环保的方式解决最后一英里的路程问题。因此表示数量

“一”，environmentally是以元音开头的，故填an。

Passage 2

Last summer, as soon as school was over, I thought maybe I could spend the summer ___1___ a way different from previous ones. But how? Perhaps I could take __2___ part-time job and make some money. I ___3___ (offer) an interview soon after I filed my application to Kentucky Fried Chicken. The interview was three days ahead.__ 4___ (prepare) for it, I went through Interview Skills, a book__ 5___ prepares readers for job interviews. My mom and dad tried to help by ___6___ (give) me simulated (模拟的) interviews one after __7___. I was all ready the day before the interview.

I answered all of the manager’s questions __8___ (perfect). After all, my mom and dad had expected all of them and I just needed to repeat the answers I had prepared. Besides, I had carried myself well through the interview. My facial _9___ (express), my voice, my...all were excellent. I felt the job was already mine. That night I calculated how __10___ money I would make, and I planned the ways I would like to spend it

【答案】1. in 2. a 3. was offered 4. To prepare 5. which /that

6. giving

7. another

8. perfectly

9. expression(s) 10. much 【解析】

1.句意：或许我用一种不同于以前的方式度过暑假。根据句意可知此处用in。

2.句意：或许我能找一份临时工作。job是可数名词，故在前面加a。

3.句意：我向Kentucky Fried Chicken提供申请后不久我就被提供了一次面试。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was offered。

4.句意：为了准备面试。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为To prepare。

5.句意：一本为读者准备面试的书。这里是一个定语从句，a book做先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少引导词，缺少主语，故答案为which /that。

6.固定搭配：by doing sth.故答案为giving。

7.固定搭配：one after another一个接一个，可知此处答案为another。

8.副词修饰动词，故答案为perfectly。

9.句意：我的面部表情，我的声音。根据句意可知此处用名词，故答案为expression(s)。

10. money是不可数名词，故答案为much