2016年职称英语考试教材_卫生类新增文章
2016年职称英语卫生类C级阅读理解历年真题及解析
第⼀篇 Better Control of TB Seen if a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organizationl estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be.A professor of international health at Harvard University led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization developed the DOTS program in 1990. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 31. Each year, about __________ people die of TB, according to the World Health Organization. A. one-third of all B. eight million C. two million D. one million 32. The mathematical model tested in Southeast Asia shows that a faster cure is developed and in wide use as early as the year of __________. A.1990 B.2020 C.2030 D.2012 33. Now there are __________ most common drugs being used for more than forty years. A. one B. two C. three D. four 34. Which of the following statements in NOT right in Paragraph 2? A. Current treatments of TB take at least six months. B. Shorter treatment program would likely mean more patients cured, and fewer infectious patients. C. The patients have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. D. The patients should stop taking antibiotic drugs as soon as they feel better. 35. The long-term goal of the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development is a treatment that could work A. in half a year B. in two months C. in ten doses D. in ten days 第⼆篇 Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. "I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population." lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Exanimation Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10 -- year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, rom the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add. 36. Which of the following statements is NOT right? A. The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S. adult. B. Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people. C. Women have a higher risk of heart disease than men. D. The distribution of the risk of heart disease is hardly related to race. 37. According to the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, __________ of the U.S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease above 20 percent in the next 10 years. A. three percent B. ten percent C. twenty percent D. eighty-two percent 38. __________ does have the least effect on risk distribution. A. Age B. Gender C. Race D. Blood group 39. What's the percentage that 15% of the U.S. adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years? A. About 3%. B. Less than 10%. C. Between 10% and 20%. D. Above 20%. 40. Dr. Daniel and Dr. Nathan suggest reducing the risk of overall population by __________. A. losing weight B. aggressive treatment measures C. public health strategies D. both B and C 第三篇 Dangers Await Babies with Altitude Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes. Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished--many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down. To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers. Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani. The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child, "says Giussani. His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body. Giussani wants to fred out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with ahigh ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. 41. What does the new study discover? A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver. B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies. C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average. D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life. 42. Gussani and his team are sure that A. babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to under-weight babies C.. the birth weigh of babies born to wealthy families in Santa Cruz D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished 43. It can be inferred from what Gussani says in Paragraph 4 that __________ . A. the finding was unexpected B. he was very tired C. the study took longer than expected D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz 44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the under-wight babies is __________ . A. lack of certain nutrition B. poverty of their mother C. different family backgrounds D. reduction of oxygen levels 45. It can be learned about from the last paragraph that __________ . A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life B o under-weight babies have a shorter life span C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies 2014年真题 第⼀篇 The Bilingual Brain When Karl Kim immigrated to the United States from Korea's a teenager, he had a hard time learning English. Now he speaks it fluently, and he had a unique opportunity to see how our brains adapt to a second language. As a graduate student, Kim worked in the lab of Joy Hirsch, a neuroscientist in New York. Their work led to an important discovery. They found evidence that children and adults don't use the same parts of the brain when they learn a second language. The researchers used an instrument called an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanner to study the brains of two groups of bilingual people. One group consisted of those who had leamed a second language as children. The other consisted of people who, like Kim, learned their second language later in life. People from both groups were placed inside the MRI scanner. This allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting more blood and were more active. They asked people from both groups to think about what they had done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loud because any movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch looked specifically at two language centers in the brain- Broca's area,which is believed to control speech production, and Wernicke's area, which is thought to process meaning. Kim and Hirsch found that both groups of people used the same part of Wernicke's area no matter what language they were speaking. But their use of Broca's area was different. People who learned a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both their first and second languages. People who learned a second language later in life used a different part of Broca's area for their second language. How does Hirsch explain this difference? Hirsch believes that when language is first being programmed in young children, their brains may mix the sounds and structures of all languages in the same area. Once that programming is complete, the processing of a new language must be taken over by a different part of the brain. A second possibility is simply that we may acquire languages differently as children than we do as adults. Hirsch thinks that mothers teach a baby to speak by using different methods involving touch,sound, and sight. And that is very different from learning a language in a high school or college class. 31. Karl Kim's study showed that __________ . A. people learn English and Korean in different way B. children and adults use the different parts of the brain to lean a second language C. it is not possible for an adult to speak a second language fluently D. people's brains will not change when they learn a second language 32. How did Kim and Hirsch study the brains of two groups of bilingual people? A. They interviewed them in English and Korean. B. They asked them to speak the same language. C. They used an MRI scanner to observe their brains. D. They asked them to talk about what they had done the day before. 33. Which aspect of the two languages centers in the brain does Paragraph 3 discuss? A. Impact. B. Function. C. Location. D. Size. 34. Kim and Hirsch find that children __________ . A. use the same region in Broca's area to learn their first and second language B. learn a second language slower than adults C. are better at acquiring the sound system of a second language than adults D. use special parts of the brain to program the structures of their first language 35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that __________ . A. students do better in high school than in college B. bilingual children will learn better in college classes C. mothers are good language teachers D. it takes more time for a d u l t s t o l e a r n a s e c o n d l a n g u a g e / p >。
2016年职称英语卫生类A级教材阅读判断打印版
阅读判断+第十一篇Disease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness –that is, make a diagnosis. A diagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symptoms) accompanied a given disease. Such a group is called syndrome. Frequently certain laboratory tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physician in making his diagnosis.Although nurse do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closely for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patient’s disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred to as thera py. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the nurse under the physician’s orders.In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken on increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physician’s aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modern concept of prevention seeks to stop di sease before it actually happens—to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World health Organization (WHO) on an international level down to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing responsibility of the nursing profession is education individual patients toward the maintenance of total health—physical and mental.symptoms typical of a specific disease.more willing to treat patients’ physical disease than their mental illness. C. Not mentioned译文：所谓生病，即部分或整个身体不能够正常调节，或不能够维持应有的功能。
2016职称英语卫生类考试补全短文精选习题
2016职称英语卫生类考试补全短文精选习题One of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton. The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968. (1) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.The first principle is Consumer Concept. To build a successful business, you have to develop products around things people value, especially quality. (2) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual; the colors and patterns are bold; and the quality is excellent.The System Link is another feature of good marketing. For Benetton, this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes. (3)The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands. (4) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy. Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them; it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benentton stores in countries around the world. All the stores have the same clothing, the same window displays, and the same approach to sales. (5)The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low. And that spells success.A The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wantedB There used to be a good reason for thisC When something is sold at a Benetton store, the store records information about the type, size, and color of the item.D Today, there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.E This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.F In other words, Benetton's clothes are made to order.参考答案：1. D 2. A 3. F 4. C 5. E更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2016年职称英语（卫生类）教材概括大意文章及练习（9）
Aspirin — a New Miracle Druging aspirin,an over-the-counter pill on sale1 in every supermarket without a prescription,to treat serious circulatory disease may seem almost like quackery.But today doctors recognize this drug as a potent compound as important as antibiotics,digitalis and other miracle drugs.2.In its natural form as willow bark and leaves,this remarkable remedy dates back to Hippocrates2.In 1829 the chemical in the willow tree that can relieve pain and reduce fever was discovered to be salicin.By 1899 the Bayer Company in Germany had marketed a variant,acetylsalicylic acid，3 under the name of aspirin.3.Since then,aspirin and confounds containing aspirin have been taken by tens of millions of arthritis patients.As a pain killer aspirin is,according to one study,more effective than all other analgesics and narcotics available for oral use.It also acts on4 the body's thermostat,turning down fever.4.But some of its powers remained unsuspected until recently.In 1950 the late Dr.Craven wrote to a small western medical journal about 400 overweight,sedentary male patients to whom he had given one or two aspirin tablets a day.None had had a heart attack.He enlarged his group to 8，000 and in 1956 reported："Not a single case of detectable coronary or cerebral thrombosis5 " and "no major stroke" had occurred in patients who had taken one or two tablets daily for from one to ten years.But his observations were largely ignored.5.Then Dr.Vane proved that aspirin turned off the body's prostaglandins6 hormonelike chemicals that can be secreted by every cell.Some potent prostaglandins are harmful compounds that create fever,pain and arthritis.One of them stimulates platelets in the blood to begin forming clots inside arteries.Aspirin blocks this dangerous effect.6.Vane's finding caused some researchers to recall Craven’s 1956 observations,which now had a possible scientific explanation.Numerous studies were begun to find out whether aspirin could indeed inhibit heart attacks and stroke.7.In 1972,ten US medical institutions began two "double-blind" trials7 of 303 patients who suffered from transient ischemic attacks （TIAs）8.Four aspirin tablets a day were given to 153 patients,while placebo tablets were given to 150.Neither patients nor doctors knew which was which.After six months,the patients on aspirin had experienced much fewer TIAs,and fewer strokes and deaths from strokes than the "controls"。
20XX职称英语教材卫生类补全短文新增文章第10篇-职称英语考试.doc
2014职称英语教材卫生类补全短文新增文章第10篇-职称英语考试第十篇：How Deafness Makes It Easier to HearMost people think of Beethoven's hearing loss as an obstacle tocomposing music. However, he producedhis most powerful works in the last decade of his life when he was completelydeaf.This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will overadversity, but hisbiographer, Maynard Solomon, takes adifferent view. 1 . In his deaf world Beethovencould experiment, free from the sounds ofthe outside world, free to create new forms andharmonies. Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability of musicianswho become deaf. Theycontinue to"hear" music with asmuch, or greater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing itbeing played. 2 . He described a fascinating phenomenonthat happened within three months:" my former musical experiencesbegan toplay back to me. I couldn't differentiate between what I heard and realhearing. 2 After many years, it is still rewarding to listen to theseplaybacks, to ' hear' music which is new to me and to find many quietaccompaniments for all of my moods. "How is it that the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both"out there" and at the same time within us? There is no betterexample of this connection between external stimulus and internal perceptionthan the cochlear implant. 3 . However, it might be possible to use thebrain's remarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implantproduces.When Michael Edgar first" switched on" his cochlear implant,the sound's he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, hebegan to identify everyday sounds. For example," The insistent ringing ofthe telephone became clear almost at once. "The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication withothers. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices "coming throughlike a long-distance telephone call on a poor connection. " But when itcame to his beloved music, the implant was of no help. 4 . He said," I play the piano as Iused to and hear it in my head at the same time. The movement of my fingers andthe feel ofthe keys give added ' clarity' to hearing in my head. ''Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is notperfect, but which canchange their lives. 5 . Even the most amazing cochlear implantswould have been useless to Beethoven ashe composed his Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.注释：1.the triumphof will over adversity：the successful overcoming of difficulty through determination用意志力成功战胜不幸2.I couldn’tdifferentiate between what I heard and real hearin9.我不能分辨我听到的和真实的声音有什么不同。
2016年职称英语（卫生类）教材概括大意文章及练习（8）
Lung Cancer1. The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air （smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes）,and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers —21 to 30 cigarettes per day —the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3. Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an x-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation1 from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained2. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.34. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma4,so-called because the malignancy originates in5 a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off6 the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes7 of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.5. Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland8 and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.词汇：blameworthy 该受责备的 bronchus.⽀⽓管irritant刺激物；adj.有刺激性的 smog烟雾secretion .分泌（作⽤）；分泌物 fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟；⽓pneumonia .肺炎 correlation 相关，关联abscess 脓肿 mortality 死亡率pneumonectomy 肺切除术 tuberculosis 结核病malignant 恶性的，有害的注释：1.exposure to radiation：接触放射线2.if any possibility of cure is to be maintained：如果想要保持治愈的可能性的话。
2016年职称英语考试教材新增文章汇总
5.PC(personal computer)：个人计算机
6.But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其 他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。
I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.
As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.
2016年职称英语卫生类A级教材完形填空打印版
In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to some newly independent countries haveunderstandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the case in the Middle East,In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 23 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.移民工人在过去的20年，工人从一个国家到另一个国家的趋势越来越大。
一些刚刚独立的国家把大部分工作留给当地人，这一点是可以理解的，而另一些却吸引和欢迎移民工人。
中东地区的情况尤为如此。
那里增加的石油收入使很多国家能够召集外面的人来改进本地设施。
因此中东吸引了来自美国和欧洲的石油工人。
它还从包括韩国和日本的许多国家引入了建筑工人和技师。
由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件，吸引合适的工人的费用是很高的，这不足为奇。
许多工程师和技师在中东至少可以挣到他们在自己国家两倍的收入，这是最大的吸引力。
一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。
这增加了来访工人的净收入，而且很受他们欢迎。
有时一个劣势就有一个补偿的优势。
例如，艰苦的生活条件常常导致更深的友谊，因为工人们为了安全和舒适必须互相依赖。
20XX职称英语教材卫生类补全短文新增文章第14篇-职称英语考试.doc
2014职称英语教材卫生类补全短文新增文章第14篇-职称英语考试第十四篇：A Memory Drug?IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE MANY THINGS that people would welcome more than amemory- enhancing drug. 1 Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal. 1Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier finding,, linking LTP2 and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. 2Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors, more LTP, and improved performance on several different memory tasks -- learning a spatial layout3, recognizing familiar objects, and recalling a fear-inducing shock.If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basisof memory can be translated to people- and that remains to be seen -- they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. 3 As exciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school -- and as a result handicapped later in life?4 Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory, such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers' names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't. The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of ayoung man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can't forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? 5注释：1.As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。
2016江苏省职称英语卫生试卷6教材
2016江苏职称英语卫生类考试真题试卷【六】说明：本试卷共七大题，申报高级职称者全做，满分为120分；申报中级职称者做第一、二、三、四、五、七大题，满分为100分。
第六大题申报中级职称者不做，做了也不判分【注：高级单独列出】一、词汇与语法选择（20小题，每小题0.5分。
共10分，建议完成时间10分钟）101. It is difficult to ______ of a plan to solve the problem.很难想象出计划来解决这个问题。
A, conceive想象 B. consist组成C. consider考虑D. wonder想知道102. The sound of new machine was _____ even from a distance. 新机的声音即使从远处听也是清楚的。
A. definite确切的B. distinct清楚的C. sharp强烈的D. edible 可食用的.103. He ______ a great interest in the Chinese traditional style of architecture他对中国传统风格的建筑保持着极大的兴趣A. contained 包含.B. secured 保护C. reserved 保留D. maintained保持104. I remember _____ to help us if we ever got into trouble. 我记得他会提供帮助，如果我们陷入麻烦。
A. once offeringB. him once offeringC. him to offer提供D. to offer him105. This laser printer is______ with all kinds of leading software这台激光打印机兼容所有种类的领先的软件A. compatible兼容的B. comparable可比较的C. companion陪伴D. company交往106. Putting in a new window _____ cutting away part of the roof打开一个新的窗口需要割掉屋顶的一部分A. was involvedB. involved涉及.C. was involvingD. involved in_____ attention 107. As we cannot study all the resources we have found, I suggest weon one of them. 因为我们无法学习我们已经找到的所有的资源，我建议，我们专注于其中一个。
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2016年职称英语教材卫生类新增文章补全短文第三篇Baby TalkBabies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking”with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When ___1___ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them.Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. ___2___ When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. ___3___ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. ___4___ In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___5___ There’s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!词汇：normally /'nɔ:m(ə)li/ adv. 正常地；通常地，一般地infant /'infənt / n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人communicate /kə'mju:nikeit/ 通信；交流；感染opposite /'ɔpəzit/ adj. 相反的；n. 对立面，反义词注释：1. intelligence test：智力测试练习：A However, research does not show this.B All parents want to teach babies to sign.C Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.D These babies started using signs about two months later.E It can be useful because many people understand it.F They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.答案与题解：1. C 第二段主要是讨论Ryan学习手语的过程，当他学会一种新的手势时，父母非常高兴。
2. F 这一段讲的是婴儿在学习手语过程中的共同规律。
题目前一句讲Garcia注意到学习手语的婴儿比普通婴儿更早开始交流，后一句讲婴儿1岁时能使用的手势多达50种，因此，此处应填“这些婴儿从8个月起就开始用手语交流”。
3. D 这一段讲有些家庭在婴儿六七个月的时候开始教他们手语。
D选项中的these babies指代这些婴儿，符合题意。
4. A 前文讲有些人担心婴儿学习手语会导致其会话能力发展缓慢，后文讲的是研究表明并不是这样，因此空格处应填表示转折的句子。
5. E E选项是对前文中ASL的解释，ASL是通用手语，因此能被更多的人理解。
选项中的it即指代ASL。
参考译文第三篇婴儿语婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。
Ryan Jones刚刚8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。
他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。
他还懂得表示他最喜欢的玩具以及“更多”这个词。
Ryan不是聋哑人，他的父母也不是，但他们正在教他手语。
他们在说话的同时做出相应的手语姿势，并不断重复。
当Ryan学会一个新的手势时，家人都非常高兴。
Ryan的父母认为，因为能和父母交流，Ryan会成为一个更快乐的婴儿。
Ryan的父母之所以教Ryan手语，是因为一名叫Joseph Garcia的人。
Garcia也不是聋哑人，但他决定学习美国手语（ASL）。
最开始的时候，他参加了一门相关课程的学习。
之后，他得到了一份帮助聋哑人和正常人交流的工作，在工作中，他看到很多聋哑人父母用手语与他们的幼子交流。
他注意到，这些孩子能比正常孩子更早地与他人交流。
他们8个月大的时候就能通过手语进行交流，而到了1岁的时候，他们能使用多达50种手势。
Garcia决定进行一些新的尝试，他向非聋哑人父母教授美国手语。
这些家庭在孩子六七个月的时候就教孩子手语，而孩子们在大约两个月之后就开始使用这些手语了。
越来越多的父母前去参加的美国手语课程。
和Ryan的家人一样，他们对于能和孩子通过手语交流感到非常兴奋。
他们想让孩子在会说话之前学会一种交流的方式。
有些人对此很担忧，他们担心这些小孩会觉得开口说话没有必要，这样他们的语言能力发展可能比其他孩子慢。
然而，研究表明，事实并非如此。
实际上，有一项研究发现，事实正好相反，掌握手语的孩子实际上比其他孩子更早开口说话。
随着年龄的增长，他们对阅读的兴趣更强，在智力测试中获得的分数更高。
对于父母来说，还有一个大问题：哪种手语对孩子来说是最好的？有的父母使用自己创造的手势，还有些父母使用美国手语，这种手语懂的人多，因此更有用。
目前对于这个问题还没有明确的答案，但是我们确切地知道：会用手语的婴儿和他们的家人会“说”很多话！2016年职称英语教材卫生类新增文章补全短文第五篇Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whosefavorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid) motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。