宾语从句详细讲解

宾语从句的用法:

一.宾语从句的定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。（每年中招考试单选题第15题必是宾语从句）

二、宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)

陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。

Eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。

Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.

1）连接词在从句中作主语。连接词＋谓语常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。如：

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？

2）连接词在从句中作主语的定语。连接词＋名词＋谓语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3）连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。连接词＋主语＋谓语。常见的连接词有：who （m），what，which，how many，how much，when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？

4）连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

三．连接词

1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，也无词义，常被省略。如：

He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.

引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略（八种宾语从句不省略that ）

1. 宾语从句前有插入语。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。

2. 有间接宾语时。

He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。

3. that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。

He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.

他说那本书很有趣，所有小孩都喜欢读。

4. 在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。

I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。

5. that从句单独回答问题时。

—What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？

—That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说)凯特考试及格了。

6.在except等介词后。

He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

7. 位于句首时。

That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。

8. 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。

He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。

2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether （if…or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．我不知道我们是去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。