初中宾语从句详细讲解与练习
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宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员,在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:I know the man.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:I know that the man is a policeman.
主句引导词从句
宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择; 2. 宾语从句的语序; 3. 宾语从句的时态。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词
1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1. I know …
2. She says …
3. Tell yo ur friend …
(that)
1.This is a book.
2.You like singing.
3.He worked last night.
4.They will go home.
5.Jim has been to Beijing.
6.She sings well.
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
I don’t know
don’t know if /whethe r Jim is a good student.
(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?
Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Do you know …
2.I want to know …
3.The teacher asks …
if/whether
1.Is he reading ?
2.Do you get up at six?
3.Does Tom work hard?
4.Did you watch TV ?
5.Will they read books ?
6.Can you sing ?
注意:只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
•一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
•①与or not连用:
He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.
•②在介词之后:
It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her
feelings
•③在不定式之前:
We haven’t decided whether to go there.I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:
1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me what she is doing?
2.Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know where she lives?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Do you know …
2.I want to know …
3. Can you tell me …
1.What is this ?
2.What are you doing ?
3.Where do you live ?
4.When does he get up ?
5.How did you go to work?
6.Who will you play with?
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
注意事项:
(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变:
What’s wrong? What’s the matter?
What’s happening?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
特殊情况:
1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.