跨文化交际 课件3
Definition of NVC
• Nonverbal communication will be defined as the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context. (L. A. Malandro, 1983)
What do they mean?
good
come here
bad
What do they mean?
me
good luck
What does the following sign mean to you?
Well-done
quiet stop
victory
Ok
Universialities in NVC
Can you show some universal gestures?
gesture _______ one’s palms together and pressing resting _____ one’s head on the back of one’s hand while _______ the eyes closing meaning I am tired. __________
•In most of Europe and in the USA, the sign symbolises the word ‘ok’.
• However, in other cultures it means something different. • For example, in Japan it can mean ‘money’. • In countries such as Germany, it is used offensively (in the same way 2 fingers are in the UK). • In Brazil the sign has a sexual meaning.
Classification of NVC
• Body language: posture, head movement, facial expressions, eye behavior, gestures, handshaking, arm movement, leg movement etc. • Object language: clothing, personal artifacts, hair, etc. • Environmental language: time language, spatial language, color, light, signs and symbols, architecture, etc. • Paralanguage: sound, pitch, tempo of speech, turn-taking, silence
Cross-Cultural Differences in Non Verbal Communication
• In the same way that different cultures may interprБайду номын сангаасt hand gestures differently, they may also interpret facial expressions differently. • Not all psychologists agree with this. Some argue that facial expressions are universal. By this, they mean facial expressions are perceived in the same way by everybody around the world.
sad proud
scared
angry
Testing Universialities
• Look at the following faces.
• Can you decide who is the angriest?
Differences in NVC
• You may have just found some differences between how you interpreted the previous faces and how others did. • Differences in interpretation can be even more marked between cultures. In other words, different cultures may be socialised to interpret faces differently.
Same gesture, different interpretations
country in some eye-contact countries in other countries in most making a circle countries in Japan with one’s thumb and in France index finger in Brazil and Germany gesture meaning showing interest being rude or disrespectful OK money zero being rude
gesture thumbs-up
country in the US in Nigeria
meaning great or good job being rude
moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear
in Germany the number one and Japan in some crazy countries in Brazil You have a phone call.
• You should find that you interpreted the emotions similarly to other people. Indeed, research suggests that you would interpret them similarly to people from other cultures too. • However, …
The way people use to communicate with each other: ---verbal language Spoken ---Written language ---Non---Non-verbal language Non
Definition of NVC
• Nonverbal communication is communication without words. • Nonverbal communication is the study of facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smell, eye behavior, and so on.
gesture
country
meaning
shaking one’s in many countries no and yes head and nodding one’s in Bulgaria, parts of yes and no Greece and Iran head in France a kiss on the and Russia cheek to greet each a firm handshake other a loving hug in other countries a bow a nod of the head
Universialities of facial expressions What is the feeling of the baby?
happy
Central Africa surprise Australia
angry
fear
happy surprised
Facial Expressions
Believe it or not
• In face-to-face communication 65% of the information is communicated through nonverbal means (Samovar, 1981; Ross, 1974)
– Support : Charlie Chaplin swept the world with his silent films
moving the hand ________ over the __________ in circles I am full. stomach after a meal patting I am hungry. ______ one’s stomach before a __________ meal
Believe it or not
• In the communication of attitudes, 93% of the message is transmitted by the tone of the voice and facial expressions, whereas only 7% of the speaker’s attitude was transmitted by words (Levine, 1981) – Support: Lovers express emotions with sparkling eyes and blushing faces or touching, hugging and kissing. Words are too pale for them!
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unit 3 跨文化交际课件
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 3. How to avoid overgeneralizations? • Pay attention to levels of culture.
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 4. Negative stereotypes
Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• Some generalizations are too broad, outof-date, or inaccurate. Nhomakorabea1
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• Some generalizations include positive or negative judgments. A reader might think the information is purely factual, while in reality, it is intended to encourage a particular attitude toward a specific group or culture.
• People usually have negative stereotypes about other people from different cultures.
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 5. Stereotypes and prejudices
Chapter 3: Making generalizations
跨文化交际 ppt课件
Correction and language learning:
There is actually little evidence that active correction of mistakes in spoken English by a teacher helps learners improve their grammar much. Some corrections help learners learn, but most corrections tend to be ignored or forgotten. How much a learner learns depends more on how carefully he/she pays attention than on how much the teacher corrects.
--Mr. Schmidt does correct Huizhen’s errors, but he only corrects her subtly by repeating corrected versions of what Huizhen said wrong. Huizhen just doesn’t notice.
Encounter 2 More notes
Compliment people on their clothes or appearance: --That’s a nice dress. --That’s a smart jacket you’re wearing. --What a pretty dress. --I like your haircut. --I love your shoes. Are they new? You can also say something like “You look nice” or “You’re looking very smart today”. If you want to be more emphatic, you can use adjectives such as “great” or “terrific”. --You’re looking very glamorous. --You look terrific.
跨文化交际导论课件3
Cultures are interrelated wholes
Cultures are coherent and logical systems. You touch a culture in one place and everything else is affected. – Hall (1977)
Culture is subject to change
History abounds with examples of how cultures have changed because of laws, shifts in values, natural disasters, wars , etc. Technology promoted cultural change. (e.g. email) Although cultures change, most change affects only the surface structure of the culture. The deep structure resists major alterations.
Culture is selected
Each culture represents a limited choice of behavior patterns from the infinite patterns of human experience. What a culture selects to tell each succeeding generation is a reflection of what that culture deems important. The notion of selectivity suggests that cultures tend to separate one group from anther.
《跨文化交际》课件
跨国企业的跨文化团队建设案例
总结词
跨国企业通过跨文化团队建设，实现文化融合与协同发展。
详细描述
某跨国企业为应对不同国家和地区的文化和市场差异，组建了由不同国籍员工组成的跨文化团队。通过培训、交 流活动等方式，促进员工之间的文化了解与合作，实现了企业业务的快速发展。
国际旅游中的跨文化冲突解决案例
总结词
教师需要关注学生的文化背景和个性特点，采用多样化 的教学方法和手段，促进学生的学习和发展。
教育机构需要提供跨文化交际的培训和教育，帮助学生 和教师了解不同文化的特点和差异。
教育中的跨文化交际有助于培养具有国际视野和跨文化 交际能力的人才，推动全球化和文化交流。
国际关系中的跨文化交际
01
国际关系中的跨文化交际是指在不同国家之间进行有效的沟通和合作 。
THቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱNKS
感谢观看
02
CATALOGUE
文化差异的表现
语言差异
语言差异是跨文化交际中最为直观的表现。不同文化背景的 人们使用不同的语言，这可能导致沟通障碍。例如，某些词 汇在一种文化中可能有特定的含义，而在另一种文化中可能 没有。
语言使用的习惯和规则也因文化而异，如敬语的使用、礼貌 的表达方式等。了解和尊重这些差异是进行有效跨文化交际 的关键。
详细描述
某高校开展国际交流项目，邀请不同国家和地区的留学生和学者参与学术交流、文化体 验等活动。通过这些项目，学生和学者增进了对不同文化的了解，促进了国际合作与友
谊。
国际组织中的跨文化沟通案例
总结词
国际组织中的跨文化沟通，推动全球议题的 解决。
详细描述
某国际组织在处理全球性议题时，注重跨文 化沟通与合作。组织成员来自不同国家和地 区，拥有不同的文化背景和观念。通过有效 的跨文化沟通，成员们达成共识，推动了全 球性议题的解决。
《跨文化交际》课件
2
基本规则
了解跨文化交际的基本规则，如注重非语言沟通、避免使用俚语和难懂的语言等方的文化背景和习惯，调整沟通策略，确保信息的准确传达。
解决跨文化交际中的问题
1 展示文化敏感性
在跨文化交际中，需要对不同文化背景的人 表示尊重和理解。
2 调整沟通策略
针对跨文化交际中遇到的问题，我们可以根 据对方的习惯和背景，调整沟通策略，解决 问题。
案例研究
跨文化交际成功案例
一位跨国公司的领导成功地进行了跨文化沟通，在 不同国家的员工中建立了良好的合作关系。
跨文化交际失败案例
因为文化差异，一个国际项目中的交流出现了误解 导致该项目未能按时完成。
总结与讨论
反思课程内容
通过本课程的学习，您是否更好地了解了跨文化交际的重要性和技巧？
提出问题和建议
《跨文化交际》PPT课件
本课程旨在帮助您更好地了解跨文化交际的重要性和技巧，并掌握如何有效 地与不同文化背景的人交流。
什么是跨文化交际？
定义
跨文化交际是指在跨越不同文化背景的情况下进行的交流和互动。
重要性
随着全球化进程的加快，跨文化交际的重要性越来越受到重视。
挑战
不同文化之间的交流可能会面临很多挑战和障碍，需要我们采取有效的沟通策略。
在跨文化交际的实践中，您是否遇到了问题？为了更好地提高跨文化交际的能力，您有什么 建议？
文化差异
不同的文化特征
每个文化都有自己独特的特征，例如语言、信仰、 价值观和习俗。
文化差异的影响
文化差异可能会影响人们的观念、行为和与他人的 交流方式。
文化融合
跨文化交际也是文化融合的过程，可以促进不同文 化之间的理解和尊重。
跨文化沟通技巧
《跨文化交际》课件
尊重他人
尊重和接受不同文化的观点 和做法。
发展人际关系
建立良好的人际关系有助于 跨文化交际的顺利进行。
结论和总结
跨文化交际是一个复杂而有趣的领域，它可以丰富我们的视野，增进人与人之间的理解和合作。在全球化的时 代，跨文化交际的重要性不可忽视。
自由民主
西方社会价值观的核心之一，强调个人自由和人权。
摇滚音乐
西方音乐文化的代表，让人们释放情感和表达自我。
跨文化交际的概念
跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人之间进行有效沟通和交流的过程。
跨文化交际的重要性
1 提高理解力
通过跨文化交际，我们能够更好地理解和尊重他人的文化。
2 促进合作
跨文化交际有助于不同文化背景的人们共同合作解决问题。
《跨文化交际》PPT课件
跨文化交际是研究不同文化间的交流，了解和尊重不同文化背景的重要性。
中国文化
长城
茶道
中国古代的伟大建筑物，象征着 中国的辉煌历史和文化的丰富性。
中国独特的文化艺术，展示了对 礼仪和和谐的追求。
书法
中国的艺术形式，以笔刷和墨水 书写汉字，传承了上千年的历史。
西方文化
圣诞节
西方重要的节日，在这一天人们庆祝和分享快乐。
3 推动创新
不同文化间的交流和碰撞能够激发创新思维，产生新的想法和解决方案。
跨文化交际中的挑战
1
语言障碍
不同语言之间的差异可能导致交流困难。
2
文化差异
不同文化的价值观和习俗可能造成误解和冲突。
3
沟通风格
跨文化交际中的沟通方式和风格可能不同，需要灵活适应。
跨文化助于更好 地交流和理解。
跨文化交际中英文化对比教学课件Unit 3 Cuisine and dining etiquette
cuisine [kwɪˈziːn] n. 烹饪，烹调法 multitude [ˈmʌltɪtuːd] n. 大量，多数；群众，人群a multitude of大批的，众多的 availability [əˌveɪləˈbɪləti] n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 respectively [rɪˈspektɪvli] adv. 分别地；各自地，独自地 cucumber [ˈkjuːkʌmbər] n. 黄瓜；胡瓜sea cucumber海参 abalone [ˌæbəˈloʊni] n. 鲍鱼 scallop [ˈskæləp] n. 扇贝，干贝 stew [stuː] v. （肉、水果等食物）炖，焖 n. 炖煮的菜肴 roast [roʊst] v. 烘，烤（肉等）；（食物）烤 fry [fraɪ] v. 油炸，油煎n. 油炸食品；炒杂烩菜；炸薯条quick fry爆，stir-fry炒，dry-fry干煸， shallow fry煎炸, deep fry油炸 crystallize [ˈkrɪstəlaɪz] v. 使结晶；明确；做成蜜饯；具体化 carp [kɑːrp] n. 鲤鱼；抱怨；鲤科属鱼 braise [breɪz] vt. 炖；煨n. 文火炖熟的肉
耳white fungus银耳 • wax [wæ ks] n. 蜡；蜡状物vt. 给…上蜡vi. 月亮渐满；增大
• gourd [ɡʊrd,ɡɔːrd] n. 葫芦，葫芦属植物 wax gourd（= winter melon）冬瓜 • tender [ˈtendər] adj. 温柔的；（食物）柔软的，嫩的；疼痛的；（植物）脆弱的 • umami [uːˈmɑːmi] n. （食物的）鲜味adj. 鲜味的 • diverse daɪˈvɜːrs] adj. 不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的 • delicacy [ˈdelɪkəsi] n. 美味；佳肴；微妙；精美；敏锐；世故，圆滑 • shellfish [ˈʃelfɪʃ] n. 甲壳类动物；贝类 • turtle [ˈtɜːrtl] n. 龟，甲鱼；海龟 • mushroom [ˈmʌʃrʊm,ˈmʌʃruːm] n. 蘑菇，伞菌；蘑菇形物体；暴发户 • shoot [ʃuːt] vt./n. 射击，射中；拍摄；发芽bamboo shoot竹笋 leek shoot 韭黄 • apricot [ˈæprɪkɑːt,ˈeɪprɪkɑːt] n. 杏，杏子；杏树；杏黄色preserved apricot杏脯 • Buddha [ˈbuːdə,ˈbʊdə] n. 佛陀；佛像 • oyster [ˈɔɪstər] n. 牡蛎，蚝；沉默寡言的人oyster sauce 蚝油 • lychee ['litʃi] n. 荔枝；荔枝树（等于litchi或lichi） • dainty [ˈdeɪnti] adj. 美味的；讲究的；秀丽的；挑剔的n. 美味 • sauté [ˈsəʊteɪ] v. 煸；嫩煎
耳white fungus银耳 • wax [wæ ks] n. 蜡；蜡状物vt. 给…上蜡vi. 月亮渐满；增大
• gourd [ɡʊrd,ɡɔːrd] n. 葫芦，葫芦属植物 wax gourd（= winter melon）冬瓜 • tender [ˈtendər] adj. 温柔的；（食物）柔软的，嫩的；疼痛的；（植物）脆弱的 • umami [uːˈmɑːmi] n. （食物的）鲜味adj. 鲜味的 • diverse daɪˈvɜːrs] adj. 不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的 • delicacy [ˈdelɪkəsi] n. 美味；佳肴；微妙；精美；敏锐；世故，圆滑 • shellfish [ˈʃelfɪʃ] n. 甲壳类动物；贝类 • turtle [ˈtɜːrtl] n. 龟，甲鱼；海龟 • mushroom [ˈmʌʃrʊm,ˈmʌʃruːm] n. 蘑菇，伞菌；蘑菇形物体；暴发户 • shoot [ʃuːt] vt./n. 射击，射中；拍摄；发芽bamboo shoot竹笋 leek shoot 韭黄 • apricot [ˈæprɪkɑːt,ˈeɪprɪkɑːt] n. 杏，杏子；杏树；杏黄色preserved apricot杏脯 • Buddha [ˈbuːdə,ˈbʊdə] n. 佛陀；佛像 • oyster [ˈɔɪstər] n. 牡蛎，蚝；沉默寡言的人oyster sauce 蚝油 • lychee ['litʃi] n. 荔枝；荔枝树（等于litchi或lichi） • dainty [ˈdeɪnti] adj. 美味的；讲究的；秀丽的；挑剔的n. 美味 • sauté [ˈsəʊteɪ] v. 煸；嫩煎
跨文化交际ppt
rude and arrogant way to indicate failure.
• Australia and Nigeria - up yours
• Some Asian and Islamic countries - rude and offensive
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The Thumb Down Sign
• Sth is bad or sth you do not approve of. • Sth or someone has failed. • Not used as often as the thumbs up sign. It is a
Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication
1. Nonverbal Communication 2. Kinesics 3. Space and Distance
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1. Nonverbal Communication
1.1 Definitions 1.2 Importance 1.3 Functions
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1.3 Functions
• Accenting - punctuate • Complementing - support • Contradicting – opposite to • Regulating - control • Repeating – send the same meaning • Substituting - replace
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Kinesics (cont’d)
2.1 Facial Expressions 2.2 Gestures 2.3 Postures 2.4 Eye Contact
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2.1 Facial Expressions
• Australia and Nigeria - up yours
• Some Asian and Islamic countries - rude and offensive
-
The Thumb Down Sign
• Sth is bad or sth you do not approve of. • Sth or someone has failed. • Not used as often as the thumbs up sign. It is a
Chapter 3 Nonverbal Communication
1. Nonverbal Communication 2. Kinesics 3. Space and Distance
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1. Nonverbal Communication
1.1 Definitions 1.2 Importance 1.3 Functions
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1.3 Functions
• Accenting - punctuate • Complementing - support • Contradicting – opposite to • Regulating - control • Repeating – send the same meaning • Substituting - replace
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Kinesics (cont’d)
2.1 Facial Expressions 2.2 Gestures 2.3 Postures 2.4 Eye Contact
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2.1 Facial Expressions
跨文化交际第三章课件
跨⽂化交际第三章课件Unit 3Daily Communication (II)Case AnalysisCompliments and Compliment Responses Gift-giving and gift-receiving ExercisesCase AnalysisAn Invitation to DinnerThe Cancellation of the Dinner Party Why should they do like this The Embarrassment Caused by “No Etiquette”Compliments and Compliment ResponsesMain point: Chinese modestySocial functions of compliments Differences between Chinese compliments and English complimentsCultural assumptionExpressions for gratitude in English and ChineseCommon expressions for apology inChinese ModestyOh, it’s an ordinary dress I bought in China.Should I blush, or should I tell him you don’t really mean it Growing flowers is my hobby, but I’m not much good at it.I really know so little about the subject....Social functions of complimentsCreating or reinforcing solidarity greeting peopleexpressing thankscongratulationencouraging peoplesoftening criticismstarting a conversationgetting over embarrassmentDifferences between Chinese compliments and English complimentsThe Semantic formulaThe Syntactic FormulaCommon responses formula in E-and C-complimentsThe Semantic FormulaEnglish:This was a great meal.Bill, you look so nice today.I love your dresses.About 80% adj. 16%verbs Chinese:你的房间不错。
跨文化交际概论(全套课件319P)
第二节
一 二
跨文化交际
跨文化交际的概念及学科背景 跨文化交际研究的时代必要性
第二章
第一节
一 二 三
文化背景与跨文化交际
文化因素与跨文化交际
价值观念 民族性格 自然环境
第二节
一 二 三
心理因素与跨文化交际
思维方式 民族中心主义 心理环境
第三章
一 二 三
社会环境与跨文化交际
第一节 角色关系与跨文化交际
第一章
跨文化交际概述
第一节
文化、交际和语言
一 关于文化的概念
（一）文化的定义
1.文化
“文化”的概念古已有之，指与“武力”相对的文德教化。
圣人之治天下也，先文德而后武力。凡武之兴，为不服也；文化不 改，然后加诛。夫下愚不移，纯德之所不能化，而后武力加焉。
（汉·刘向《说苑·指武》）
文化内辑，武功外悠。（晋·束广微《补亡诗·由仪》）
第一章
跨文化交际概述
第一节
文化、交际和语言
在交际过程中，交际者往往会对彼此交际行为的结果进行预
测。交际是在一定的文化背景和交际情景中进行的，而且交际行 为有其固有的语言规则以及语用规则，因此交际过程是一个交际 双方对彼此的交际行为的结果进行预测的过程。 这种预测可能是自觉的，也可能是无意识的。预测的准确程 度取决于对交际环境因素及其与交际行为相互作用的关系的理解 程度，以及对文化和语用规则掌握的熟练程度和运用的灵活程度。
第一章
跨文化交际概述
第一节
文化、交际和语言
后来“文化”一词被日语借入，到近代作为英语culture的
对译词。再后来“文化”作为日语借词又被现代汉语吸收，于
是“文化”就同英语的culture有了直接的词源关系，并衍生 出“文明”、“教育”等含义。