考研《英语一》翻译答案(跨考版)
考研《英语一》翻译答案（跨考版）
考试采取“一题多卷”模式，试题答案顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol
(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be
gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.
(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.
The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.
【答案】
(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
(47) 因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，他的分析可能会给他们的骄傲自大画上一个句号。
(48) 众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国学童和
学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。
(49) 大卫·葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。
(50)这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能性。
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版)文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。
46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。
【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。
47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; likethe sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构，很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语，but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。
【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。
2019年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语⼀翻译真题及答案解析 在医学杂志上有很多⽆稽之谈，如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热。
⼩编为⼤家提供2019年考研英语⼀翻译真题及答案解析，⼀起看看吧！ 2019考研英语⼀翻译真题 It wasn’t until after my retirement that I had the time to read scientific papers in medical journals with anything like close attention. Until then, I had, like most doctors, read the authors’ conclusions and assumed that they bore some necessary relation to what had gone before. I had also naively assumed that the editors had done their job and checked the intellectual coherence and probity of the contents of their journals. It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad — inaccurate, misleading, sloppy, illogical — much of the medical literature, even in the best journals, frequently was. My discovery pleased and reassured me in a way: for it showed me that, even in advancing age, I was still capable of being surprised. I came to recognize various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled ‘The Natural Selection of Bad Science’, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. According to the authors, the problem is not merely that people do bad science, as they have always done, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. They quote ananonymous researcher who said pithily: ‘Poor methods get results.’ What is important is not truth, let alone importance, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: 47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. It is at least an objective measure. In addition to the pressure to publish, there is a preference in journals for positive rather than negative results. To prove that factor a has no effect whatever on outcome b may be important in the sense that it refutes a hypothesis, but it is not half so captivating as that factor a has some marginally positive statistical association with outcome b. It may be an elementary principle of statistics that association is not causation, but in practice everyone forgets it. The easiest way to generate positive associations is to do bad science, for example by trawling through a whole lot of data without a prior hypothesis. For example, if you took 100 dietary factors and tried to associate them with flat feet, you would find some of them that were associated with that condition, associations so strong that at first sight they would appear not to have arisen by chance. Once it has been shown that the consumption of, shall we say, red cabbage is associated with flat feet, one of two things can happen: someone will try to reproduce the result, or no one will, in which case it will enter scientific mythology. The penalties for having published results which are not reproducible, and prove before long to be misleading, usually do not cancel out the prestige of having published them in the first place: and therefore it is better, from the career point of view, to publish junk than to publish nothing at all. A long list of publications, all of them valueless, is always impressive. 48)Attempts have been made to (control this inflation命题⼈改编为curb this kind tendency),(for example by trying, when it comes to career advancement这部分被出题⼈删除), to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s published papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. 49) This would be reasonable enough if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors. Boiling down an individual’s output to simple, objective metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. 50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions incentivize that kind of science. In other words, what we need is more emphasis on personal contact and even nepotism in the way careers are advanced: but tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Askelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice… 46. There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. 2019考研英语⼀翻译答案解析 【解析】 1. 本句主干为There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals(在医学杂志上有很多这样的⽆稽之谈) 2. which引导定语从句，修饰this kind of nonsense，which指代this kind of nonsense，在定语从句中做主语 (1) 则定语从句为“这些⽆稽之谈引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热” (2) when引导状语从句，可以理解为条件，从句省略this kind of nonsense is，则为“如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈” 【参考译⽂】 在医学杂志上有很多这样的⽆稽之谈，如果⼲播公司和⾮专业媒体报道这些⽆稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮⻝狂热。
(2024年)考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案
案例二
科技类篇章翻译。科技类篇章涉及专业领域的知 识和技术，考生需具备相关背景知识，并注意专 业术语的翻译和表达。
案例四
经济类篇章翻译。经济类篇章涉及市场经济、国 际贸易、金融投资等内容，考生需注意经济术语 的准确翻译和表达。
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模拟试题与参考答案
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模拟试题一（附参考答案）
文化背景处理
在翻译过程中，考生需注意处理 中西方文化差异，避免因文化背 景不同而造成的误解或歧义。
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典型篇章翻译案例解析
案例一
政治类篇章翻译。政治类篇章通常涉及国家政治 、经济、社会等方面的内容，考生需注意政治术 语的准确翻译和表达。
案例三
文化类篇章翻译。文化类篇章涉及不同国家和地 区的文化传统、历史背景等内容，考生需注意文 化差异的处理和表达方式的转换。
分析并列连词（and, but, or等）连接的句子成分，分别进行翻译 ，再根据逻辑关系进行组合。
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复合句的处理
识别主句和从句，先翻译主句，再翻译从句。注意从句的引导词 和时态，确保译文的准确性。
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特殊句式（倒装、强调等）的应对策略
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倒装句的翻译
理解倒装结构，还原句子正常语序进 行翻译。注意保持译文与原文的语气 和语调一致。
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句子结构分析与翻译技巧
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简单句的翻译方法
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理解句子主干
确定主语、谓语和宾语，把握句子核心意思。
注意词义选择
根据上下文和语境选择合适的词义，避免歧义。
2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案_7
2021年考研《英语一》翻译答案Section III TranslationFollowing the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as theRenaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 7th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.(47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotelian geocentric view that the earth was at the centreof our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalist, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people-including the Church-could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time fora new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase "sapere aude" or "dare to know", after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.46.【题干】With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.【答案】由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得意弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。
考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析
考研《英语一》翻译真题及解析新东方在线推荐：2018年考研一次顺利提分课程！！一科不过，全科免费2017年考研英语一的翻译题型部分，整体来说难度不大，与2016年难度基本持平，考察的是英语语言发展情况，文章选自英国文化教育协会的一本书，叫《英语下一步》。
英语一的考题是此书的序言部分。
下面就是跨考英语教研室的英语老师对2017年考研英语一翻译真题的最新解析和参考译文。
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。
句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 结构，主句前是让步状语，signs 后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。
同位语从句中是主谓结构，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within结构是时间状语。
expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。
(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。
2023考研英语一英译汉真题答案
2023考研英语一英译汉真题答案业务课名称：英语一翻译考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
Translation(46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。
(47) Some believe that Al is negatively impacting on the marketer's role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.【参考译文】一些人认为，人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。
(48) Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using Al to interact with customers will be.【参考译文】用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案
考研英语真题试卷翻译答案翻译部分题目一：原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.翻译：技术快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。
题目二：原文：Despite the challenges, the team remained optimistic and continued to work diligently towards their goals.翻译：尽管面临挑战，团队仍然保持乐观，并继续勤奋地朝着他们的目标努力。
题目三：原文：The government has implemented a series of measures to address the environmental issues.翻译：政府已经实施了一系列措施来解决环境问题。
题目四：原文：In recent years, the concept of sustainable developmenthas gained widespread attention.翻译：近年来，可持续发展的概念已经得到了广泛关注。
题目五：原文：The company's innovative approach to marketing has significantly increased its market share.翻译：公司在市场营销方面的创新方法显著增加了其市场份额。
题目六：原文：The research findings suggest that a balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial for maintaining good health.翻译：研究发现，均衡饮食和定期锻炼对于维持良好的健康状况至关重要。
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Startingnew companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation?【选项】A.Leading politicians.B.Low-wage laborers.C.Robot owners.D.Middle-class workers.【答案】D22 . 【题干】Which of the following best represent the author's view?【选项】A.Worries about automation are in fact groundless.B.Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.C.Issues arising from automation need to be tackledD.Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided【答案】C23.【题干】Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on_____.【选项】A.creative potential.B.job-hunting skills.C.individual needs.D.cooperative spirit.【答案】A24.【题干】The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at_____.【选项】A.encouraging the development of automation.B.increasing the return on capital investment.C.easing the hostility between rich and poor.D.preventing the income gap from widening.【答案】D25. 【题干】In this text, the author presents a problem with_____.【选项】A.pposing views on it.B.possible solutions to it.C.its alarming impacts.D.its major variations.【答案】BText 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump's use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president's social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Sucha trend is badly needed. During the 2021 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for Buzz Feed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2021 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people's reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media.In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.【题干】According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on( )【选项】A.the justification of the news-filtering practice.B.people's preference for social media platforms.C.the administrations ability to handle information.D.social media was a reliable source of news.【答案】D27.【题干】The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para.2) is closestin meaning to( )【选项】A.sharpenB.defineC.boastD.share【答案】A28.【题干】According to the knight foundation survey, young people( )【选项】A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B.verify news by referring to diverse resources.C.have s strong sense of responsibility.D.like to exchange views on “distributed trust”【答案】B29.【题干】The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is( )【选项】A.readers outdated values.B.journalists' biased reportingC.readers' misinterpretationD.journalists' made-up stories.【答案】C30.【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ( )【选项】A.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineB.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendC.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.【答案】AText 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 millionpatients In 2021 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms. Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms. Denham's report is a welcome start.31.【题干】Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ? ( )【选项】A.It caused conflicts among tech giants.B.It failed to pay due attention to patient's rights.C.It fell short of the latter's expectationsD.It put both sides into a dangerous situation.【答案】B32.【题干】The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with( )【选项】A.empty promises.B.tough resistance.C.necessary adjustments.D.sincere apologies.【答案】C33.【题干】The author argues in Paragraph 2 that( )【选项】A.privacy protection must be secured at all costs.B.leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.C.making profits from patients' data is illegal.D.the value of data comes from the processing of it【答案】D34.【题干】According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is( )【选项】A.the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.B.the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.C.the uncontrolled use of new software.D.the monopoly of big data by tech giants.【答案】D35.【题干】The author's attitude toward the application ofAI to healthcare is( )【选项】A.ambiguous.B.cautious.C.appreciative.D.contemptuous.【答案】BText 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2021, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on theUSPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omissionconsidering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36. 【题干】The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by_____.【选项】A.its unbalanced budget.B.its rigid management.C.the cost for technical upgrading.D.the withdrawal of bank support.【答案】B37. 【题干】According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to_____.【选项】A.the interference from interest groups.B.the inadequate funding from Congress.C.the shrinking demand for postal service.D.the incompetence of postal unions.【答案】A38. 【题干】The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by_____.【选项】A.removing its burden of retiree health care.B.making more investment in new vehicles.C.adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.D.attracting more first-class mail users.【答案】A39. 【题干】In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with_____.【选项】A.respect.B.tolerance.C.discontent.D.gratitude.【答案】C40. 【题干】Which of the following would be the best title for the text?【选项】A.The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old DaysB.The Postal Service: Keep Away from My CheeseC.The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick CureD.The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid【答案】DPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C andF have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House,the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt,William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are cappedby four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.【题干】_____.【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】E42.【题干】_____.【选项】A.AB.BD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】G43.【题干】_____. 【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】A44【题干】_____. 【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DF.FG.G【答案】B45.【题干】_____. 【选项】A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G【答案】D。
考研英语(一)2016真题及答案详细解析(跨考教育文字版)
2016考研英语（一）真题及答案详细解析（跨考教育文字版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a plex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__198 0s it more monly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ pr ayers of blessing. Par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soa ked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a ne w house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not mon. Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice __19__up. The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months.1.A. by way of B. with regard to C. on behalf of D. as well as2.A. decide on B. provide for C. pete with D. adapt to3.A. close B. arrange C. renew D. postpone4.A. In theory B. Above all C. In time D. For example5.A. Unless B. Less C. After D. Although6.A. into B. within C. from D. through7.A. or B. since C. but D. so8.A. test B. copy C. recite D. create9.A. folding B. piling C. wrapping D. tying10.A. passing B. lighting C. hiding D. serving11.A. association B. meeting C. collection D. union12.A. deal B. partC. grow D. live13.A. whereas B. until C. for D. if14.A. avoid B. follow C. challenge D. obtain15.A. isolated B. persuadedC. viewed D. exposed16.A. wherever B. whatever C. whenever D. however17.A. changed B. brought C. shaped D. pushed18.A. invested B. divided C. donated D. withdrawn19.A. warms B. clears C. shows D. breaks20.A. while B. so that C. once D. in that1. [标准答案] [D]as well as [考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：文章身处大环境not only…..but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”该空与前一句“his parents and his friends”也是并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”所以答案只能是D. as well as.A. by way of通过B. with regard to关于C. on behalf of 代表2. [标准答案] [A] decide on[考点分析] 上下文语义[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是A. decide on 决定。
2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案(跨考版)
2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案(跨考版)1. 【答案】C peaks【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句间逻辑关系。
文章首段首句为主题句，谈到一个概念：流体智力(fluid intelligence)，是一种智力类型，它与短期记忆和快速、逻辑和抽象地思考以解决新问题的能力有关。
想要解决空格处需要分析整句话的逻辑关系。
前文提到青年人，后文提到这种流体智力智力随着年龄增长会慢慢下降，所以根据时间发展的关系，前面提到这种智力在青年时达到峰值(peaks)，并且会停留一段时间，随后随着年龄的增长会逐渐下降。
正确答案为peaks。
pauses 暂停;return 恢复，返回;fades 逐渐消退。
2. 【答案】D generally【解析】此处考察词汇辨析。
根据上一道题目的具体分析，不难得出空格处应该是对这种普遍现象得修饰，we age 体现我们大所数人，所以应该选择 D generally。
alternatively 要不然，或者(二者择其一); formally 正式地，正规地;accidentally 偶然地。
3. 【答案】A while【解析】此处考察句内逻辑关系。
空格处所在句子是以转折词But 开始，但考察句内之间的意思转折：但是， 3 年纪增长不可避免，科学家发现某些大脑功能不会发生变化。
年纪增长和科学家的发现是对立的观点，所以应该选择while，尽管。
since 因为;当......时;once 一旦;until 直到。
4. 【答案】C consumption【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。
并列连词and将空格处与前文muscle loss并列，行车前后近义词的关系，那么空格处要选择一个与肌肉消失表达意思相近的词。
所给选项中只有C选项consumption意思是消耗的意思，带入原文符合句意。
detection 侦查，勘察;accumulation 积累，积攒，增加;separation 分开，分离。