学术英语写作总结分析解析
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专业英语写作考点总结
Part І Academic English Writing (专业英语写作)Chapter 1 Six Considerations in Academic Writing
1、Academic writing is a product of many consideration : audience, purpose and strategy ,organization, style, flow and presentation.
(学术写作六要素:写作对象,目的,组织结构,文体特征,表达连贯和宣讲或宣读)。
2、Organization usually has the following four parts : 问题-解决方法包括四个部分
(1)description of a situation (描述情况)
(2)Identification of a problem (甄别问题)
(3)Description of a solution (描述解决方法)
(4)Evaluation of the solution (评估解决方法)
3、Formal Grammar Style:(正规的语法风格)
(1) Generally avoid contractions (一般来讲避免使用略缩词)
例:won’t改为will not
(2)Use the more appropriate formal negative forms (使用更为适宜的正规的否定
形式)
例:not...any改为no not...much改为little not...many改为few
(3)Limit the use of “run-on”expressions, such as and so forth and etc. (限制使用
多个词连用的表达法)
例:句子不能出现and so forth和etc.出现时应将省略的部分扩展出来。(4)Avoid addressing the reader as you(except, of course, if you are writing a
textbook or other instructional materials).(避免向读者说“你”)例:You can see the results in Table 1.
改为:The results can be seen in Table 1.
(5)Be careful about using direct questions. In some fields they are common, while in
others they are not.(使用直接引语时需谨慎)
例:What can be done to lower costs?
改为: It is necessary to consider how costs may be lowered.
或者 We now need to consider how costs may be lowered.
(6)Place adverb within the verb. (将副词放于动词词组)
例:This model was developed by Krugman originally.
改为:This model was originally developed by Krugman.
(7)Consider whether you should split infinitives.(考虑是否该使用割裂
不定式)
例:We need to adequately meet the needs of those enrolled in the program.
(8)Aim for an efficient use of words. (目的是为了有效地使用
词汇)
例:There are some inorganic materials that can be used by bioengineers
in the
process of tissue engineering that have been shown to be very promising.
改为:Some inorganic materials used in tissue engineering have shown great
promise.
习题:
(1)You can use this model to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
错误:使用了you。
改为:This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.
(2)OK, what are the reasons that coffee prices have fallen? There’re
a lot of
possibilities.
错误:使用了口语OK;直接引语的使用;使用了缩略词There’re。
改为:Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.
(3)You can see the difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations clearly.
错误:使用了you;将副词clearly放在了句尾。
改为:The difference between these two approaches to designing underground