大学英语语法 第二十讲 倒装
第二十讲倒装一、语法倒装1 . 虚拟条件句中的倒装如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were, had 或should, 可以把它们放在句首, 省去连词if, 变成倒装句。
例如:Were it not for your help, I wouldn..t have got what I have today . 要是没有你的帮助, 我就不会有今天。
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn..t have lent him the money . 要是早知道这件事, 我就不会把钱借给他了。
Should he act like that again, he would be punished . 要是他再这样干,他就要受到惩罚。
2 . 当句首为here, there, now, then, such 等副词, 谓语动词为be, go, come 等时, 句子的主谓要求倒装Here is the book you want . 你要的书在这儿。
There goes the bell . 铃响了。
Now comes your turn . 现在轮到你了。
Then came the order to take off . 起飞的命令到了。
Now is the hour when they say goodbye . 他们告别的时候到了。
Note: ①若主语为人称代词, 则不用倒装。
例如:There he comes ! 他来了!Here they are . 他们在这儿。
A:Where is the key ?B: Here it is .Behind the counter she stood , beautiful and pale .②副词或介词+ with + 其他成分是一种表示祈使命令的倒装结构, 句中省略了动词。
例如:In with you ! 你进来!Up with the wallet !捡起那个钱包!On with your clothes ! 穿上你的衣服!Down with it ! 撕下它! ( = Take it down !)Off with your caps ! 脱去你们的帽子! ( = Take off your caps !)Out with it ! 说出来! ( = Speak it out !)3 . so can we 和so he is如果前面句子中所说的情况也适合后面的句子, 后面的句子常用so(肯定句) , nor, either , no more(否定句)引导构成倒装句, 并且用do( does , did)代替实义动词。
例如:They can leave now, so can we . 他们现在可以离开了, 我们也能。
You have helped her, and so has she you . 你帮助过她, 她也帮助过你。
( = and she has helped you)He loves the girl . So does she him . 他爱这个女孩, 这个女孩也爱他。
She respected me and so did I her . 她尊重我, 我也尊重她。
新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书788 第二十讲倒装You can..t do it , nor can I . 你不能做这件事, 我也不能。
He didn..t see the film last night , neither did she . 他昨晚没看电影, 她也没看。
She can..t understand his lecture, no more can I . 她听不懂他的演讲, 我也听不懂。
.. 但如果不是表示情况的适合, 而是表示对前面句子内容的同意或肯定, 则不能用倒装句。
例如:He is a good student , so he is . 他是个好学生, 他的确是。
A:“Did Jack tell you to go there ?”“杰克告诉你去那里了吗?”B:“He did . And so I did .”“他告诉了, 我也去了。
”(不可说And so did I)Note: 倒装结构中的nor 也可换为and nor 或but nor; 表示另一人或物“也不”时, 也可用and neither。
例如:She did not do it , and nor(but nor ) did she try to .You are not wrong, and neither is she .4. 感叹句中的倒装How happy the children are ! (表语前置)孩子们多幸福啊!What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received ! (宾语前置)这位老太太收到一份多好的生日礼物啊!5. the more . . ., the more 结构中的倒装The harder you work , the hap pier you feel . (状语前置、表语前置)你工作越努力, 就越觉得快乐。
The more you study, the more you know . 你学得越多, 就知道得越多。
(宾语前置)6. 从句中关系代词或关系副词的倒装He couldn..t tell where his home was . (宾语从句中表语前置)Whatever I have is at your service . (主语从句中宾语前置)我所有的东西请随便使用。
However fast he may run, he will never catch up with Jim . (状语从句中状语前置)7 .many a time 和next 等表示时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时常要倒装Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone . 我许多次看见她独自散步。
(也可说Many a time I have . . .)Many a time in college years have we wandered in the hills . 在大学时代, 我们有许多次在山中漫游。
(也可说Many a time in college years we have . . .)Of ten did she come to my home in the past . 她过去常常到我家来。
(也可说She oftencame . . .)Of ten have I heard it said that it is a good book . 我常听人说这是一本好书。
(也可说Ihave often heard . . .) (也可说Very (或Quite) often I have heard . . .)Twice within her li f etime has she been to England . 她一生中已两次到过英国。
Next came a man in his forties . 下一个来的是一个四十几岁的人。
Long did we wait before hearing from her . 我们等了很久才收到她的信。
Long did the hours seem while I waited there . 我在那里等的时候, 时间似乎过得特别慢。
8 .well, so, gladly 等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常倒装Well do I remember the day I saw her first . 我第一次见到她的那一天, 我记忆犹新。
Well did I know her and well did she know me . 我很了解她, 她也很了解我。
Gladly would I accept your proposal . 我很高兴接受你的建议。
Note: 下面句中的selfish 为形容词, 位于句首时表示强调, 要倒装。
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)789 一、语法倒装Sel f ish does our life make us . 生活把我们变得如此自私。
9 . 副词短语位于句首时, 常把主语与谓语倒装On her le f t sat her husband . 她左边坐着她丈夫。
Beyond the river lives an old fisherman . 有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。
Among the guests was standing Mary . 玛丽站在客人中间。
10 . 行为动词的倒装在含有情态动词的谓语中, 行为动词(有时连同宾语或补语)可以倒装表示强调。
例如:I have my duty to do, and do it I will .Write a poem I cannot; let me write an essay instead .11 . 定语、状语和宾语补足语的倒装1)从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时, 通常紧跟在主语之后, 但如果定语成分过长, 应将其放在谓语动词之后, 以使主语和谓语靠近, 其结构为: 主语+ 谓语+ 定语成分He is a sly person who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you . (优)He who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you is a sly person . (劣)The time had come for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage . (优)The time for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage had come . (劣)2)动词的宾语过长时, 须将修饰动词的状语移到宾语之前, 其结构为: 动词+ 状语+ 宾语She was unable to get across to him what she really thought and meant . (正)She was unable to get what she really thought and meant across to him . (不妥)A pretty girl wore around her neck a scar f which hung down to her waist . (正)A pretty girl wore a scar f which hung down to her waist around her neck . (不妥)3)宾语补足语一般应在宾语之后, 但宾语过长时, 应将其移到宾语之前, 结构为: 动词+ 宾语补足语+ 宾语She made clear her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project . (正)She made her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project clear . (不妥)They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month . (正)They pushed all the windows that remained closed for a whole month open . (不妥)Note: 如果定语、状语或宾语补足语较短, 则不必倒装, 当然倒装也可以。
高考英语语法详解:完全倒装分类及用法(附练习题及答案)
高考英语语法详解:完全倒装分类及用法(附练习题及答案)所谓完全倒装,就是将谓语动词置于主语前。
完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件:①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词,且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时;②主语只能是名词。
一、以here等副词开头引出的完全倒装在描述情景时,为了使景象更生动,有时把here,there, now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等方向性副词作为句子开头,句子用完全倒装。
此时,①句子主语必须是名词;②谓语动词通常是be,come,go,run,rush,fly,follow,fall等表示位移的不及物动词,且为一般时态;③其中的here,there不是表示地点,而是用以引起对方注意。
如:Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Here are some advertisements about cars.这儿是几则有关汽车的广告。
二、以表语或状语开头引出的完全倒装有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密,就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首,谓语动词也常置于主语前,构成完全倒装。
如:Among the people was a man named Brown.在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。
On the top of the hill stands an old temple.这山顶上有一座庙。
三、there be结构及其变体的完全倒装There is a tall tree in front of the house.这房子前面有一棵树。
注:在there be结构中,可以代替be结构中,可以代替be的还有以下动词:live,lie, stand,appear,rise,remain,happen,come,go等。
如:Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一个老人。
大学英语语法知识点总结
大学英语语法知识点总结大学英语的学习中,语法是构建语言表达准确性和逻辑性的基石。
掌握好语法知识,不仅有助于我们在各类英语考试中取得好成绩,更能让我们在实际的交流和写作中准确清晰地表达自己的想法。
以下是对大学英语语法的一些重要知识点的总结。
一、动词时态动词时态是英语语法中的核心部分,它反映了动作发生的时间。
1、一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、习惯性的行为、客观事实或真理。
例如:“The earth revolves s around the sun”(地球绕着太阳转。
)其构成是主语+动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要加“s”或“es”)2、一般过去时用于描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
比如:“I played basketball yesterday”(我昨天打篮球了。
)构成是主语+动词的过去式3、现在进行时表示正在进行的动作。
像:“He is reading a book now”(他正在读书。
)结构为:主语+ be 动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词4、过去进行时强调过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
例如:“I was doing myho mework at 8 o'clock last night”(昨晚八点我正在做作业。
)其形式为:主语+ was/were +动词的现在分词5、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者过去的动作一直持续到现在。
例如:“I have finished my work”(我已经完成了工作。
)由“主语+ have/has +动词的过去分词”构成6、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。
例如:“By the end of last year, I had learned 5000 words”(到去年年底,我已经学了5000 个单词。
)结构为:主语+ had +动词的过去分词7、一般将来时用以表达将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
大学英语语法之倒装
倒装英语句子中的倒装(Inversion)分为部分倒装(Partial Inversion)和全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
所谓部分倒装是指将句子谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前,全部倒装是指将整个谓语动词置于主语之前。
1.so /neither, nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。
例如:My father is an engineer; so is my husband.Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; no r did she attend last week.2.具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时,句子一般部分倒装,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。
这类词或短语包括:not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly/scarcely…(when),等。
Never has my brother been abroad before.Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door. No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.[注:] 如果句首的否定词修饰主语,是主语的一部分,则句子不用倒装。
例如:Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.3.*****as 或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。
一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。
例如:Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.尽管他在自己的领域很出色,但他还是很随和。
大学英语语法结构分析知识点汇总
大学英语语法结构分析知识点汇总大学英语的学习中,语法结构的掌握至关重要。
它不仅是理解英语句子和文章的基础,也是正确表达自己思想的关键。
以下为大家汇总了一些重要的大学英语语法结构分析知识点。
一、句子成分句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
主语通常是句子所描述的主体,一般是名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
例如:“The book is interesting”(这本书很有趣。
)中,“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是表示主语动作或状态的部分,通常是动词。
像“ He studies hard”(他学习努力。
)里,“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象,常为名词、代词等。
比如“ She loves music”(她喜欢音乐。
)中,“music”就是宾语。
定语用于修饰名词或代词,比如“ The beautiful girl is my sister”(那个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
),“beautiful”就是定语。
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、原因、方式等。
例如“ He runs fast in the park”(他在公园里跑得很快。
),“fast”和“in the park”都是状语。
补语则是对主语或宾语进行补充说明,比如“ The flower smells sweet”(这花闻起来很香。
),“sweet”就是补语。
二、名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句在句子中充当主语,例如:“What he said is true”(他说的是真的。
)宾语从句在句中作宾语,像“ I don't know where he lives”(我不知道他住哪儿。
)表语从句在系动词之后,充当表语,比如“ T he problem is whetherwe can finish it on time”(问题是我们能否按时完成。
)同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词,例如“ The news that he won the game is exciting”(他赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。
部分倒装和全部倒装
Unit 4 Making the news
4.________ snacks and drinks,but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in forest. A.Not only they brought B.Not only did they bring C.Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring 解析: 选B。考查倒装句。not only...but also...连接两个并 列分句时,not only后的分句要用部分倒装
栏目 导引
Unit 4 Making the news
2.表示地点、时间、方向的副词there,here,now, then,in,out,away,down,up,off,next, over,back等词位于句首,谓语动词多是表示运动的 不及物动词come,go,leave,move,run,fly, rush,jump等,而且主语是名词。 Now comes your turn. Up went the arrow into the air. Next comes Tom. 注意 如果此时句子的主语是代词,主谓语序不变。 Here they are!
栏目 导引
注意 当so表示“是的, 确实如此”U,ni其t 4 引Ma出kin的g th句e n子ews 用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时, 主谓不倒装。
—Betty is a good girl. —Yes, so she is. so +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语“.......也一样”,
exist,happen,lie,remain,seem,stand等动词。
大学英语语法应用-句法概论The Structure of the English Grammar
句法概论(The Structure of the English Grammar)
(5) 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 The teacher set us a lot of homework. I send her a bunch of flowers. 3.简单句五类句型分析 (1) 简单句第一类句型——主语 + 不及物动词。 这类句型中,谓语由不及物动词担当。不及物动词,顾名思义,它所表示的动作没有作用对象,本身意思完整,不需要 带宾语。 Everybody laughed. The baby and his mother are sleeping. The guests haven't arrived. Prices are going down. (2) 简单句第二类句型——主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语。 英语中大多数动词都是及物动词,及物动词是必须带有宾语的。这种动词告诉我们,由主语发出的动作所作用的对象是 什么,作用的对象我们称之为宾语。宾语后也通常接副词或介词短语作状语。结构上表现为:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语 。 He passed the exam easily. Have you ordered your meal?
句法概论(The Structure of the English Grammar)
第一节 简单句和并列句(Simple Sentences and Compound Sentences) 第二节 复合句(Complex Sentences) 第三节 肯定句与否定句(Affirmative Sentences and NegativeSentences) 第四节 反意疑问句(Tag Questions) 第五节 倒装句(Inversion) 第六节 强调句(Emphasis)
英语 倒装句讲解.
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the puppy.
Away went the girl.
注意: 代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。 Here it is. In he comes.
3. 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时, 也常引起全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. Under the tree stands a little boy.
由 If you had reviewed your lessons 这样一个虚拟条件分句变过来的。
3. 用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+ as (though)” 引导的让步状语从句。 Pretty as she is, she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again. Money as they had, they don’t know how to spend it.
全部倒装
1. 用于 there be 句型。 There are many students in the classroom. 主语位于谓语 are there之后 原句自然顺序是:
Many students are there in the classroom.
2. 用于“here (there, now, then) + 不及 物动词 + 主语的句型中, 或以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里 面,表示强调。
部分倒装:NAOSHI
1.I was so interested in this video game that I didn’t notice my father was behind me. So interested was I…
全部倒装和部分倒装知识点
全部倒装和部分倒装英语最基本词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常十分固定。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,这就叫做倒装。
将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称为完全倒装;如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。
一、全部倒装1.以here, there,now,then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子主语之前。
这种句子谓语动词常是不及物动Here comes the train! There goes the bell!注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构。
Here it comes! There it goes!2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away结尾,构成不及物动词短语。
为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首。
句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装。
(注意,句子主语是名词。
如果是人称代词,不能用倒装结构。
)Up went the rocket. Up it went.3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装。
注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so /neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。
She has finished her homework,so has her brother. She hasn’t gone there,neither/nor has he.但如果so表强调,即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。
英语倒装句课件
1.【2019·山东东营·单选】This new type of machine is said to be expensive but effective,
but
.
A. hardly after havec I used it
B. hardly have I used before it
C.hardly I have used it before
1.【2018·天津北辰·单选】Only after talking to two students is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B.did I discover C.I discovered D.discovered I
全部倒装 (1)以here,there,now,then等副词开头的句子中,习惯上用一般现在时。 如:There comes the bus!汽车来了! There goes the bell.铃响了。 Now comes your turn.该轮到你了。 注意:在这种句型中,如果主语是代词,就不倒装。 如:Here you are.给你。 There he comes.他来了。 Here it is.这就是。
D.hardly have I used it before
【【答案】D。解析:hardly置于句首时句子要部分倒装,语序为“hardly+助动词+主语+谓
语+其它”。句意为“据说这款新机器价格昂贵但是效率很高,不过我之前几乎没用过它”。故
本题选D。
2.【2018·安徽中学·单选】No sooner
部分倒装 2)在以never. hardly, scarcely,rarely, barely, seldom, not, not only, not until, nor
倒装语法讲义大全
倒装一.定义英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”,如果将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前,这种语序叫倒装。
二.倒装的原因1.为了构成疑问句;2.为了强调;3.为了生动流畅二.倒装的种类I. 完全倒装:将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。
常见的完全倒装结构1. now, then, here, there, away, off, in, out, down, up, next等副词位于句首,谓语是go, come, rush, run等不及物动词和Be动词时,主语和谓语倒装。
Here is some advice.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.Down from the top of the mountain runs the waterfallAway flew the birds.There lived an old fisherman in the village.There stand two white houses by the river.There existed some doubt among the students.2.表示地点的介词短语位于句首,谓语是exist, appear, stand, sit, lie, sleep等不及物动词和Be动词时,主语和谓语倒装。
On the top of the hill stand two trees.注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。
Out she went. 她走了。
Here we are. 我们到了。
3. “表语(形容词/v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/)+连系动词+主语”结构。
Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year.她很幸运,去年被一所名牌大学录取。
Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。
