合同法律文件翻译练习(1)答案
第八周法律翻译内容及课后练习
breach of contract
• 违约是指国际商务合同的一方当事人或双 方当事人未能按双方签订的合同或有关法 律或公约规定的内容认真地、全面地、有 效地履行合同中约定的义务，从而有损于 一方或双方在订立该合同时预期的经济目 的。
• 第一，继续履行是一种补救方法，即在一方违约后，非违 约方寻求法律上救济的一种方法。
• 第二，是否请求继续履行是债权人享有的一项权利。继续 履行是有效实现当事人订约目的的补救方式，所以一般认 为它是我国合同法中首要的补救方法。
• 第三，继续履行可以与违约金、损害赔偿和定金责任并用， 但不能与解除合同的方式并用。
• 如果甲方实质性违反本合同，乙方或其权益承继人 有权终止本合同或要求得到损害赔偿。如果乙方实 质性违反本合同，甲方经发出书面通知，有权要求 乙方在收到书面通知后十五（15）天内改正其违约 行为。如果乙方在十五（15）天期限内未予改正， 甲方有权解除合同并要求得到违约赔偿。
• be entitled to可译为“有权”，“有资格”，但 在具体译文处理上，应根据上下文确定。
• (4)Remedial Measures (补救措施) • 补救措施是指在当事人发生违约的事实后，为防
止损失的发生或者扩大，而由违约方按照法律的 规定或者合同的约定采取的修理(repairing)、更换 (substituting)、重做(reworking)、退货(returning the goods)、减少价款(reducing the price)或者报 酬(remuneration)、补充数量(supplementing quantities)等措施，以使另一方弥补或者减少损失 的违约责任形式。补救措施主要是针对标的物质 量不符合合同约定而采取的一种违约责任形式， 这种违约行为的构成要件有二：一为债务人作出 了履行，只是履行不当，这种不当是指质量上不 符合规定；二为不当履行合同无正当理由。在采 取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿 损失。
法律文件翻译考核试卷
4.法律翻译中的多义词应根据上下文来确定其确切含义。（）
5.在所有的法律文件翻译中，直译总是优于意译。（）
6.法律文件翻译中，所有的术语都可以在不同的法律体系中互换使用。（）
7.翻译法律文件时，不需要考虑原文的法律文化背景。（）
8.法律文件翻译完成后，不需要进行校对和审核。（）
6. ×
7. ×
8. ×
9. √
10. ×
五、主观题（参考）
1.法律文件翻译特点包括专业性、准确性、一致性和保密性。应注意术语准确、法律文化差异、时效性和法律效力等问题。
2.专业术语应查找权威词典，保持一致性，必要时可加注解。如“知识产权”译为“Intellectual Property”。
3.忠于原文同时，注意目标语言的表达习惯，使译文通顺、易懂。如使用目标语言的法律术语替换原文表述。
4.法律体系差异影响翻译，应了解双方法律背景，采取适应性翻译策略。如跨国合同中，注意条款的适用性和法律效力。
15. Cห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
16. D
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. A
二、多选题
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. D
20. A
三、填空题
1. Claim
2. Party
3.准确性一致性
D. Probation
合同的翻译1
如果买方在规定时间内未能付清货款，买房的保证金不予退还，并且买方需承担由此带给卖方的所有损失。
B. 大量使用专业术语和缩略词
1. This Contract shall b governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.
11. The Seller shall telegraph the Buyer immediately and deliver in 14 days to the Buyer a certificate of the occurrence issued by the government authorities or the Chamber of Commerce at the place where the accident occurs as evidence thereof.
7. The License herein granted is conditioned on Party B selling Licensed Devices at prices no more favorable than those followed by Party A.
8. Any disputes which either party does not wish to refer to a Conciliation Committee may then be submitted by the first party to arbitration as hereinafter provided.
合同法翻译1
This SENIOR SECURED CONVERTIBLE LOAN AGREEMENT (this Agreement) is entered as of October 14, 2005 ( the“Effective Date”) by and between:W I T N E S S E T H:WHEREAS, Lender and Borrower have agreed that Lender shall make to the Borrower an interest-free loan in the aggregate amount of RMB52,000, upon occurrence of certain conditions, within six months of the Effective Date, convertible into certain percentage of shares of Borrower subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.WHEREAS all the shareholders of the Borrower have agreed to grant to the Lender a security interest over the Collateral (as defined below) as security for the repayment of the Loan (as defined below).NOW THEREFORE in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained and intending to be legally bound hereby, each of the Parties hereto hereby agree as follows:SECTION 1. Amount and Terms of Loan.1.01 Commitment. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Lender agrees to issue a loan (each, a "Loan") to the Borrower and the term of the Loan is SIX ( 6 ) months from the Effective date of this Agreement (the “Term”). Should the Conversion fail to happen due to non fulfillment of certain conditionprecedents, the Term of the Loan may be extended upon written agreement between the Parties .该高级担保可转换贷款协议（这份协议）由双方于2005年11月14日（生效日）达成：兹证明：鉴于贷款人和借款人已经就52，000元人民币总额的免息贷款达成一致同意，但这是基于一定条件发生的，即在六个月的有效期内，可根据本协议的条款和条件转换为借款人一定比例的股份。
第五周合同翻译答案
第五周额外作业：外贸合同常用条款1. Terms of Payme nt:付款方式：（1） Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall, ______ days prior to the time of shipme nt/after this Con tract comes into effect, ope n an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller. The Letter Of Credit shall expire _____________ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.参考译文（1）信用证方式：买方应该在装运期前/合同生效后 ____ 日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证。
信用证在按照合同装船完毕后—日内到期。
Copying structure:买方应与_____ 日前向装运时间/合同生效后，开出。
（语句不通，没有检查）用词谨慎：（1）买方应该在装运期前（合同生效后）—日，括号不表示或者的关系，而是补充说明的关系，而装运期前不等于合同生效后；（2）买方、卖方混淆；（3）开具不可撤销信用证给卖方，勉强可以，但是出于慎重，还是要说明受益人，因为原文有强调信用证到期后的xx天完成装船-错误；in favor of…按买方偏好，为了卖方利益-错误（普通词汇的专业意义）卸货: unioading/ landing/ discharging of the shipmentirrevocable Letter of Credit 不可撤销信用证开证银行开具的信用证可以是：公开议付，即欢迎任何银行予以议付：限定议付，即只限定指名由某一银行议付；不许议付，即不许任何银行予以议付，只许由付款银行付款取单而且付款银行直接付款的对象仅限受益人。
翻译练习1(选词+替换)
ye翻译练习11. 选词(1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants.(2) The levels of voltage, current, and power are, on their own, not sufficient for demarcation.(3) Mr. Collins seemed likely to sink into insignificance; to the young ladies he certainly was nothing.(4) As he said this, she could easily see that he had no doubt of a favorable answer. He spoke of apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real security.(5) I was in several minds how to dress myself on the important day, being divided between my desire to appear to advantage, and my apprehensions of putting on anything that might impair my severely practical character in the eyes of the Misses Spenlow.(6) She watched him grow and develop day by day and it was a never-ending wonder as he began to walk and talk and reason.(7) Sorrow came -- a gentle sorrow -- but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness -- Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.(8) Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.(9) Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.(10) Don't expect comfort. You've just got to be thankful if we get a bed to sleep on and a roof over our heads.(11) In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize error.(12) Among the most productive contributions the broader international community can now make to rebuilding economic strength in East Asia is to assist these countries to develop their economic and financial policy, management and governance capacities.(13) When the history of the Nixon Administration finally written, the chances are that his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.(14) The issue of insanity as a defense in criminal cases is at the interface of medicine, law and ethics.(15) I think your suggestion will work.(16) The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.(17) The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.(18) We express our gratitude for the outstanding and challenging speech of Mr. Smith.(19) As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.(20) The show ran 120 performances.(21) 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
(完整版)商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文
商务合同的翻译练习一参考译文一、商务合同的基本概念、分类与结构1. 概念2. 分类3. 结构二、合同英语的词汇特点及翻译策略1. 用词专业，具有法律意味：（1）根据不同的专业来确定词义例1：a. The premium rates vary with differed interests insured. ______________b. If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount. _________________c. The articles of our immediate interest are your Agricultural Washing Machines. _______析：a. 出自保险业，意思“被保险的货物”；b. 源于国际贸易，意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的过期利息”；c. 属于营销业，应译为“对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”。
例2：Party B shall train Party A’s technical personnel so as to enable them to master Party B’s design, mould design, performance test and technology in machining, erection and inspection of the contracted product, so that Party A can use the technical documents and know-how supplied by Party B to produce the same product and mould in Party A’s factory.乙方须负责对甲方技术员进行培训，以便甲方受训人员掌握合同产品的设计、模具设计、性能测试、加工工艺、装配工艺和质量检验技术，进而使甲方能利用乙方提供的技术资料和专门知识在甲方的厂内制造出相同的产品和模具。
Ss 合同法英美翻译 1-3
制式长句 Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the Convention, if any notice, request or other communication is given or made by a party in accordance with this Part and by means appropriate in the circumstances, a delay or error in the transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive does not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication. 除非公约本部分另有明文规定，否则，如果当事人按照本部分的 规定并根据情况以恰当的方式发出通知、要求或其他信息，则这 种通信如在传递上发生耽搁或错误，或未能到达，并不使该当事 方丧失依靠该项信息的权利。
Recitals: 说明 Whereas …… 鉴于（背景、目的等） 鉴于（背景、目的等）
----"considering that"或"that being the case“ 或
NOW, THEREFORE ……兹特 兹特
e.g.
Recital
Whereas , COMPANY has expertise in the specific field identified in Exhibits A and B; and Whereas , ABC desires to engage the services of COMPANY for the purpose of performing the services for ABC as described in Exhibits A and B; and Whereas , COMPANY declares that it is engaged in an independent business and has complied with all federal, state and local laws regarding business permits and licenses of any kind that may be required to carry out the said business and the tasks to be performed under this Agreement. Now Therefore , in consideration of the premises and the mutual promises and undertakings herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
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练习（1）答案
1.All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress
of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
本宪法授予的全部立法权，应属于由参议院和众议院组成的合众国国会。
2.The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
合众国参议院应由每州议会选出的两名参议员组成，任期六年；每名参议员有一票表决权。
（注：此句中的第一个shall意为should，因此译成“应”。
第二个shall 意为is entitled to, 因此译成“有….权”。
）
3．The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.
Notes：
1) in pursuit of: with the aim of catching sb/sth
pursuit [u] of sth: action of pursuing 追求，寻求，从事，进行
2) act: do sth. Perform action做某事，采取行动。
这里可译成“行事”（加宾语）
3)in accordance with根据
4)shall应该
参考译文：
第二条：为实现第一条规定的宗旨，联合国及各成员国应根据下列原则行事：
4. The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.
Notes：
1) eligibility [u] 资格，合格，条件
2) capacity: the official position or function that sb has职位，职责
3) participate in sth: to take part or become involved in参加，参与
4) under conditions of equality根据平等条件
1)and连接词不译
参考译文：
第八条：
联合国不得限制男性及女性担任任何职务的资格，不得限制男性、女性按照平等条件在总部及分支机构中工作的资格。
（翻译技巧：重复）
5. The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of the United Nations.
Notes：
1) sessions: meeting会议，会期
a formal meeting
2）special sessions特别会议
3）such special sessions as occasion may require并在必要时，举行特别会议（such…… as为关系代词）
4) convoke vt 召开……会议
5) at the request of经…..请求
6) a majority of the Members of the United Nations半数以上的联合国成
员国
参考译文：
第二十条：
联大应每年举行例会，并在必要时，举行特别会议。
特别会议应经安全理事会或半数以上的联合国成员国的请求，由秘书长召集。