美国文学ThomasJefferson托马斯杰斐逊简短介绍introduction讲课资料
关于托马斯杰斐逊思想的英语作文
关于托马斯杰斐逊思想的英语作文Thomas Jefferson - The Great ThinkerThomas Jefferson was one of the smartest and most important people in American history. He had so many amazing ideas that helped shape our country into what it is today. Let me tell you all about this brilliant man and his incredible thoughts!To start off, Thomas Jefferson was one of the Founding Fathers of America. That means he was around when the United States was just being created as a new nation. He was super important in writing the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This famous document said that the 13 American colonies were breaking away from Britain to become their own independent country. How cool is that?In the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson wrote down some of his deepest beliefs about human rights and how a government should work. One of his core ideas was that "all men are created equal." That meant that no one person or group should be treated as better or more important than anyone else. It didn't matter if you were rich or poor, what race you were, or anything else - everyone deserved to have the same basic rights and freedoms.Another huge part of Jefferson's thinking was that people have certain "unalienable rights" that can never be taken away. These included the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Jefferson felt very strongly that governments exist to protect these fundamental human rights, not to control or oppress people.Along with that, Jefferson believed that power should come from the consent of the governed. That meant the government could only have power if the people agreed to it and chose their own leaders through voting. He didn't think kings or queens should have total authority just because they were born into a royal family.So in his perfect vision, there would be a limited government that derived its power from the will of the people. The citizens would then be free to live their lives however they wanted, as long as they didn't violate the rights of others. Pretty revolutionary ideas at the time!Aside from politics and human rights, Jefferson also had a huge thirst for knowledge and science. He was incredibly curious about the world around him and loved learning new things. Jefferson was an inventor, architect, musician, linguist, and an expert on so many different subjects. They called him a true"Renaissance man" because he seemed to master every area he studied!One of the main ways Jefferson liked to gain knowledge was through reading books. He had an amazing personal library with thousands of books on topics ranging from philosophy and history to agriculture and construction. Jefferson would read for hours every day to expand his mind.Along with reading, Jefferson also believed strongly in education for children and citizens. He felt that having an educated population was vital for a democracy to survive and thrive. Jefferson even founded the University of Virginia and designed its beautiful buildings and grounds himself.Another area where Jefferson made major contributions was in protecting religious freedom. Since America was founded by people seeking freedom to practice their own faiths, Jefferson felt very strongly that the government should never favor one religion over others. He helped pass the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom which stopped the government from forcing any particular religious beliefs or practices on citizens.As you can probably tell, Thomas Jefferson had a brilliant mind full of enlightened ideas that were truly ahead of their time. His core principles of human equality, unalienable rights, limitedgovernment power, and freedom of religion became essential parts of the foundation for American democracy.At the same time, it's important to note that Jefferson also had some major flaws and contradictions when it came to living up to his own lofty ideals. Most significantly, even though he spoke of human equality, Jefferson was a lifelong slaveholder who owned hundreds of enslaved African people and didn't make any efforts to free them.So while Jefferson brilliantly envisioned liberty and rights for American citizens, he clearly did not apply those same principles to the enslaved people who made his luxurious lifestyle possible. His beautiful words about equality sadly did not match his own actions and participation in the cruel system of slavery.Despite his glaring inconsistencies though, there is no doubt that Thomas Jefferson's revolutionary way of thinking had an enormous positive impact in shaping American values of freedom, democracy, and individual rights. His powerful words and persuasive ideas lit a spark that helped inspire people all over the world to fight for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Nearly 250 years after the birth of the United States, we still look to the ambitious vision of Thomas Jefferson as a guidinglight for achieving a more perfect union of truly equal rights and opportunities for all people. He was most certainly one of the great thinkers and dreamers in human history.。
人物介绍--托马斯杰斐逊(英文)
Thomas JeffersonIn the thick of（在最激烈的时刻）party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon（=swear on,发誓）the altar（祭坛，圣坛）of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny（暴政）over the mind of man."This powerful advocate（提倡者）of liberty was born in 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia,inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello.（蒙蒂赛洛，美国地名）Freckled（有雀斑的）andsandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent （口才好的）as a correspondent,（通讯记者）but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his penrather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably（尤其），he wrote a bill（法案）establishing religious freedom,enacted（制定，颁布）in 1786. Jefferson succeeded(继承)Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washington's Cabinet.（内阁）He resigned in 1793.Sharp political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and theDemocratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed（支持）the rights of states.As a reluctant（勉强的，不情愿的）candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw（瑕疵，缺陷）in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent（对手，反对者）ofPresident Adams. In 1800 the defect（缺陷）caused a more seriousproblem. Republican electors（选民）attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie（不分胜负，打成平局）vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives （美国众议院）settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election.When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed（削减）Armyand Navy expenditures（开支）, cutthe budget（预算）, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron（中队，舰队）to fight theBarbary pirates（巴巴里海盗）, whowere harassing（反复袭击）American commerce in the Mediterranean. Further, although the Constitution made noprovision(供给品) for the acquisition of new land, Jefferson suppressed(克制，抑制) his qualms （良心之谴责，不安）over constitutionality（符合宪法）when he had the opportunity to acquire the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in 1803.During Jefferson's second term, he was increasingly preoccupied with （沉浸在）keeping the Nation from involvement in the Napoleonic wars, though both England and France interfered with（干涉，妨碍）the neutral rights of American merchantmen（商船，商人）. Jefferson's attempted solution, an embargo upon（实行禁运）American shipping, worked badly and was unpopular.Jefferson retired to Monticello to ponder（考虑）such projects as his grand designs（宏大计划，宏伟设计）for the University of Virginia. A French nobleman observed that he had placed his house and his mind"on an elevated（高尚的）situation, from which he might contemplate the universe."He died on July 4, 1826.。
人物介绍——托马斯杰斐逊
中文名： 托马斯·杰斐逊别名：人民的人、革命斗士、民主巨擎国籍： 美利坚合众国 出生地： 维吉尼亚夏洛茨维尔出生日期：1743年4月13日逝世日期： 1826年7月4日 毕业院校： 威廉与玛丽学院 信仰： 自然神论 代表作品： 《独立宣言》，《弗吉尼亚日记》，《弗吉尼亚自由宗教法案》一、人物简介托马斯·杰斐逊（1743～1826）Jefferson ，Thomas总统（1801～1809）。
1743年4的东西了。
这样一个小箱子，两百年前就相当于今日功能齐全的手提电脑。
思考与启迪这些小玩艺儿，现在我们看来都很简单，不值一提。
它们的意义在于，它们说明了美国立国先贤们对创新之重要性的认识。
杰弗逊和华盛顿总统，是对创新发明非常重视的第一代开国者。
在美国革命的动荡岁月里，两个人都没忘记抽空向英国和欧洲大陆订购花种、菜子，写信给家里关照不要错过了播种新品种的季节。
两个人对于新品种都有异乎寻常的热情，退休以后回到家，都一头扎到田间草地，侍弄新鲜花草。
杰斐逊还改良了一种犁铧，得到过国际组织嘉奖。
当华盛顿担任美国第一任总统的时候，他请杰斐逊担任国务卿。
那个时候，世界上最强大的是英国，制造业中心在英国和欧洲大陆，美国只是偏远落后的农林产品输出地，向欧洲出口棉花，木材，烟草，大米，羊毛，几乎所有工业制品都从欧洲进口。
第一代美国领袖知道，虽然美国有资源，但是如果它不制造，它就永远不是一个强国。
谁制造谁强大，是工业革命时代的铁律。
为此，美国必须广罗技术人才，有人才才会有自己的制造业。
从此开创了美国特别优待技术人才的传统。
至今为止，美国人有一个不成文的共识：美国必须是全世界给人才以最好条件的地方。
什么地方给人才的条件比美国好，美国肯定会提出更好的条件，超过那个地方。
1790年，华盛顿就任总统的第二年，他就让杰斐逊尽快确立专利保护制度。
就在华盛顿总统任内，杰斐逊一手操办，美国通过了保护创新和发明的专利法，从此美国成为世界上保护创新最严格的地方。
托马斯.杰斐逊
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麦金太尔商学院McIntire School of Commerce(2012) 管理学Management (2012) 金融学Finance (2012) 市场学Marketing (2012) 会计学Accounting (2012)
第26名
国际商务International Business (2011)
第4名
管理学Management (2013)
第12名
企业管理学/创业学Entrepreneurship (2013)
第12名
执行MBA学Executive MBA (2013)
第27名 第18名
会计学Accounting (2012) 市场学Marketing (2012)
在英媒最新公布的全球大学校友财富排行榜中，弗吉尼亚大学排名第 11，在美国公立大学中排名第1，之后是加州大学伯克利分校和密歇 根大学。挤入前20名的非美国大学只有三个：英国牛津大学，排名16； 印度孟买大学，排名18；英国剑桥大学，排名第19。弗吉尼亚大学可 能更感自豪的是，它白手起家的富翁校友是最多的，比例高达78%。 这也说明，学校出色的教育在学生毕业后的社会实践中获得了巨大成 功。校友的卓越表现更加凸显了弗吉尼亚大学的价值。
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姓名：Thomas Jefferson 中文：托马斯·杰斐逊 生卒年月：1743年4月2日－1826年7月4日，83岁
生平
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WHO WHERE ＷＨEN WHY HOW
8பைடு நூலகம்
姓名：Thomas Jefferson 中文：乔治·华盛顿 生卒年月：1743年4月2日－1826年7月4日，83岁 重要经历： 出生于弗吉尼亚州阿尔贝马尔县的一个种植园主家庭。
美国文学ThomasJefferson托马斯杰斐逊简短介绍introduction
His family
• His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families. Having inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, Jefferson began building Monticello when he was twenty-six years old. Three years later, he married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he lived happily for ten years until her death. Their marriage produced six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Jefferson, who never remarried, maintained Monticello as his home throughout his life, always expanding and changing the house.
Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Statue
Jefferson's gravesite
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以上有不当之处，请大家给与批评指正， 谢谢大家！
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His achievement
托马斯 杰斐逊
important views
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权 利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 C:\Users\sjq\Desktop\好莱坞群星在费城独立厅朗读《独立宣言》英语演讲视频.url
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对美国有重大影响的事件
1.Louisiana Purchase （路易斯安那事件） 2.found the University of Virginia （创建弗吉尼亚大学） 3.Declaration of Independence （起草独立宣言）
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购买路易斯安那
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生平事迹
托马斯·杰斐逊 1743年生于弗吉尼亚一个富裕的家庭。 1767年取得律师资格。 1767年进入殖民地议会。 1775年参加第一次大陆会议。次年，参加《独 立宣言》五人起草委员会，成为宣言的主要 起草人。 1776年重返弗吉尼亚议会，制定宗教信仰自由 法案 1779一1781年任弗吉尼亚州长。 1784年出任驻法公使。 1789年任国务卿。 1800年当选总统。 1826年7月4日，杰斐逊因患风湿症和前列腺肿 大，几经抢救无效离开了人世。
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杰斐逊 人物简介 民主思想
第三，宗教自由。 第三，宗教自由。
在殖民地时代，宗教极其不自由，政 府强迫人民信仰国教，政教合一，国教 残酷迫害异教徒。对此，杰弗逊提出宗 教自由要求。他认为：信仰纯粹是个人 事情，国家不得干涉。他有一个名言： “我的邻居说上帝有二十个或者没有上 帝。这对我来说，并没有什么损害。既 没有掏我的腰包，也没有打断我的腿。”
• 1775年5月，杰斐逊作为弗吉尼亚代表参加 在费城举行的第二届大陆会议。会议指定 杰斐逊和约翰·亚当斯、本杰明·富兰克林、 罗伯特·利文斯顿、罗杰·谢尔曼5人组成委 员会起草《独立宣言》。宣言是由杰斐逊 执笔，富兰克林和亚当斯略加修订而成的。
• 1776年10月，杰斐逊回到弗吉尼亚任州议会议员， 提出著名的《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法案》等重要法案。 他赞同废除奴隶制度。 • 1778年成功地通过禁止输入奴隶的法案。1779年 起任弗吉尼亚州州长。1781年辞去州长职务，退居 蒙蒂塞洛私邸，对弗吉尼亚进行大量的社会调查和 自然环境考察工作，发表《弗吉尼亚纪事》。 • 1785年任驻法全权公使。1789年9月出任美国第一 任国务卿，是他组建了美国国务院。
• 在1796年总统选举中，杰斐逊得票数 仅次于约翰·亚当斯而当选副总统。虽 然他不喜欢无所事事的副总统职务， 但他仍是当完两任总统任期的唯一副 总统。 • 1800年总统竞选时，杰斐逊击败总统 亚当斯而当选美国第3任总统。人们称 杰斐逊的胜利是1800年革命，因为他 标志着联邦主义的衰败和共和主义的 兴起。
好学多才， 多面手 ——好学多才，兴趣广泛
• 土地测量师、建筑师、古生物学家、哲学 家、音韵学家、作家、律师、小提琴手。 • 农业学、园艺学、词源学、考古学、数学、 密码学的专家。 • 精通拉丁语、希腊语、法语、西班牙语和 意大利语。 • 人们称他是历任美国总统中天资最高、最 多才多艺的总统。杰斐逊一生著述很多， 涉及问题很广，后人为纪念他而出版了他 的文集，斐逊诞辰263年 年
美国文学史作者的写作特点总结
美国文学史作者的写作特点总结1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林（1706-1790）he is the only good American author before the the Revolutionary War and he is the only one in the colonial period.写作特点：1.叙事清楚简洁 2.富有哲理和睿智 3.文字质朴幽默 4.易于读者接受。
2.Thomas Paine 托马斯佩因（1737-1809）英国人民将他视为最受爱戴的政论家，他的书被看作穷人的圣经。
拿破仑称他为共和国的火炬，一切传奇中最伟大的人物。
写作特点：支持独立宣言，语言精炼，层次分明，结构严密，逻辑性强，抒情和说理有机结合3.Thomas Jefferson 托马斯杰弗逊(1743-1826)主张：主张追求幸福，人人生而平等，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利4.Philip Freneau 菲利普费瑞诺(1752-1832)Father of American Poetry” 美国诗歌之父，政治方面的新闻记者写作特点：the poems of Freneau fall mainly into two categories, one of description of nature, and one of expression of his political ideas.备注：菲利普弗瑞诺作为一个自然诗人，在时间上介于布拉兹特里特和布莱恩特之间；作为一个哥特式作家，介于威格斯沃斯和爱伦坡之间；作为一个原始主义者，介于莫顿和库珀之间。
5.Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文（1783-1859)the father of American literaturethe first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家，重振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说。
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His achievement
• Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States.
• Thomas Jefferson was "author of the Declaration of American Independence , of the Statute of Virginia for religious freedom.
• In the final 17 years of his life, Jefferson’s major accomplishment was the founding (1819) of the University of Virginia.
• On July 4 , 1826 , the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence , Jefferson died at Monticello.
• and Father of the University of Virginia.
• During his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806).
Thomas Jefferson, a Brief Biography
Born April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, Virginia; died July 4, 1826, Monticello
Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia -- voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As a public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.
• He re presented Virginia in the Second Continental Congress in 1775.
• The following year, he drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin , Roger Sherman, and Robert R.Livingston.
• Again in the Virginia legislature, introduced a number of bills for the establishment of religious Freedom.
• In June 1779,Jefferson was elected governor of V Jefferson achieved distinction as, among other
things, a horticulturist, political leader, architect, archaeologist考古 学家, paleontologist古生物学 , inventor, and so on.
Jefferson's home Monticello
Governor's Palace, Governor Jefferson's residence in Williamsburg
Independence Hall Assembly Room where Jefferson served in Congress
• In 1785 he became minister to France.
• As the first secretary of state in Washington’s cabinet.
• Jefferson became vice-president in 1796. • He became president in 1800.
Major deeds
• Jefferson was born in Albemarle County, Virginia on Apr.13,1743.
• Jefferson attended (1760-1762) the College of William and mary
• In 1769 he service as a representative in the Virginia House of Burgesses.
• As a political philosopher, Jefferson was a man of the Enlightenment, the cofounder and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, which dominated American politics for 25 years.
Wren Building (rear), College of William & Mary where Jefferson studied
House of Burgesses in Williamsburg, Virginia, where Jefferson served 1769–1775