中英文的颈椎病
中英文的颈椎病
影像学检验：X线示：颈椎椎体及钩椎关节增生，椎 间隙变窄，颈椎生理曲度减小、消失或反弓。
中英文的颈椎病
7/22
Massage Treatment 推拿治疗
Treatment: rely mainly on relieving nerve root constriction,
治疗：以神经根减压为主，以轻柔手法沿放射性神经疼痛部位循 经推拿，缓解疼痛。
手法：患者坐于凳上，颈部肌肉放松。术者立于其背后，两手分 别抵住患者额部及乳突后缘，两手协调将患者头颈上提片刻，再 迟缓屈伸颈部5-10次。
中英文的颈椎病
8/22
2.cervical spondylotic myelopathy 脊髓型颈椎病
Medicalimageology test: X-ray shows: cervical vertebraes and uncovertebral jointhyperplasia, disc space narrow, reduce cervical lordosis, disappear, or anti-bow
体格检验：肌张力增高，腱反射亢进，锥体束征阳性。 影像学检验：X线结果类似于神经根型颈椎病。CT可见颈椎间盘
变性。MRI检验显示受压节段脊髓有信号改变，脊髓受压呈波浪 样压迹。
中英文的颈椎病
10/22
Massage treatment 推拿治疗
Treatment：main purpose is to relieve spinal constriction
影像学检验：椎动脉血流检测及颈动脉造影可 提醒有没有血管压迫、迂曲、变细或阻滞。X 线可显示椎节不稳定及钩椎关节侧方增生。
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表
医学常见疾病中英文名称对照表在医学领域中，了解疾病的中英文对照名称是非常重要的。
这有助于医务人员之间的沟通以及医疗文件的准确填写。
下面是一份医学常见疾病的中英文对照表，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用医学术语。
1.感冒 - Common Cold2.发烧 - Fever3.肺炎 - Pneumonia4.流感 - Influenza5.哮喘 - Asthma6.鼻炎 - Rhinitis7.咳嗽 - Cough8.胃炎 - Gastritis9.病毒性肝炎 - Viral Hepatitis10.糖尿病 - Diabetes11.高血压 - Hypertension12.心脏病 - Heart Disease13.中风 - Stroke14.肺癌 - Lung Cancer15.乳腺癌 - Breast Cancer16.糖尿病 - Diabetes17.结肠癌 - Colon Cancer18.肾炎 - Nephritis19.结石 - Kidney Stones20.脑炎 - Encephalitis21.关节炎 - Arthritis22.精神分裂症 - Schizophrenia23.抑郁症 - Depression24.帕金森氏综合症 - Parkinson's disease25.带状疱疹 - Shingles26.痔疮 - Hemorrhoids27.溃疡 - Ulcer28.白血病 - Leukemia29.贫血 - Anemia30.哮喘 - Asthma31.癫痫 - Epilepsy32.脑震荡 - Concussion33.鼻窦炎 - Sinusitis34.失眠 - Insomnia35.口腔溃疡 - Mouth Ulcer36.胰腺炎 - Pancreatitis37.食道炎 - Esophagitis38.乙肝 - Hepatitis B39.皮炎 - Dermatitis40.耳聋 - Hearing Loss41.近视 - Myopia42.视力矫正 - Vision Correction43.青光眼 - Glaucoma44.白内障 - Cataract45.斑秃 - Alopecia Areata46.牙龈炎 - Periodontitis47.口腔癌 - Oral Cancer48.食管癌 - Esophageal Cancer49.脑膜炎 - Meningitis50.心肌梗塞 - Myocardial Infarction51.胃溃疡 - Gastric Ulcer52.胆囊炎 - Cholecystitis53.甲状腺癌 - Thyroid Cancer54.乙状结肠炎 - Ulcerative Colitis55.脑瘤 - Brain Tumor56.胰腺癌 - Pancreatic Cancer57.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Fibroids58.子宫内膜异位症 - Endometriosis59.前列腺炎 - Prostatitis60.尿道感染 - Urinary Tract Infection61.卵巢癌 - Ovarian Cancer62.霍奇金淋巴瘤 - Hodgkin's Lymphoma63.肺气肿 - Emphysema64.动脉硬化 - Arteriosclerosis65.心律失常 - Arrhythmia66.肾功能衰竭 - Renal Failure67.脂肪肝 - Fatty Liver68.颈椎病 - Cervical Spondylosis69.胆结石 - Gallstones70.乳腺纤维瘤 - Breast Fibroadenoma71.淋巴结炎 - Lymphadenitis72.胰腺瘤 - Pancreatic Tumor73.高血脂 - Hyperlipidemia74.直肠癌 - Rectal Cancer75.食管瘤 - Esophageal Tumor76.胰腺囊肿 - Pancreatic Cyst77.肝脏肿瘤 - Liver Tumor78.子宫颈炎 - Cervicitis79.子宫肌腺症 - Adenomyosis80.乳腺增生 - Breast Hyperplasia81.肠胃炎 - Gastroenteritis82.胰腺功能不全 - Pancreatic Insufficiency83.髋关节炎 - Hip Arthritis84.慢性阻塞性肺疾病 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)85.痤疮 - Acne86.甲状腺炎 - Thyroiditis87.脂溢性皮炎 - Seborrheic Dermatitis88.扁平苔藓 - Tinea Versicolor89.神经性斑秃 - Androgenic Alopecia90.子宫肌瘤 - Uterine Leiomyoma这是一份医学常见疾病的中英文名称对照表，仅供参考。
颈椎病中英文对照
conducive to the absorption of inflammation.
Shenshu(BL-23)、Zusanli(ST-36) to invigorate the liver and kidney
针刺作用
The function of Acupuncture
1、针刺可以改善腰椎间盘局部的血 液循环、促进新陈代谢;
Improve local blood circulation of the lumbar intervertebral disc, promote the process of metabolism.
辩证加减
Modification with various syndromes
风寒痹阻：加风门、风府祛风通络
Obstruction by the wind and cold: add Fengmen(BL12)、Fengfu(DU-16) to dispel wind and remove obstruction in the collaterals
椎动脉型Vertebral artery type of cerv底动脉供血不足为 Main clinical manifestations:
主要临床表现的颈椎病。 vertebral basilar artery
主要表现为头痛，头晕， insufficiency
拔罐Cupping
作用：疏通气血，消除瘀滞， 温通经络，祛湿驱风，散寒活 血，舒筋止痛
Function:Promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, expelling wind and cold,removing obstruction in the collaterals to relieve pain.
颈三针和臀三针治疗颈腰疾病 (中+英)
腰椎间盘突出症，中医诊为痹证 (Bi syndrome)。
者均有这种表现。其疼痛范围主 要是在下腰部及腰骶部，以持久 性的钝痛最为常见。平卧位时疼 痛可减轻，站立位及坐位时，这 种疼痛可以加重。 ２）下肢放射痛症状：可以 沿着下腰部、臀部、大腿后侧、 小腿前或后外侧至足跟。疼痛性 质以放射性刺痛为主。下肢放射 痛可以先于腰痛发生，亦可能在 腰痛症状出现后出现，这两种情 况因人而异。
2014-1-24
6
天柱
tiānzhù;B10;BL10
足太阳膀胱经穴。在项部，大筋
（斜方肌）外缘之后发际凹陷中， 约当后发际正中旁开1.3寸。
Foot taiyang bladder channel point.
On the neck, in the depression lateral to
针具
直径0.25-0.30mm；长40—50mm毫针。
Filiform needles of diameter 0.25-0.30mm, length 40-50mm.
2014-1-24 10
臀三针治疗腰椎间盘突出症
Treatment of lumbar disc herniation using Hip Three Needles
御之，气至而去之⋯⋯。刺之而气不至，无 问其数；刺之而气至，乃去之，勿复针。”
《灵枢· 终始》：“针刺之道，气调而止”。
2014-1-24
5
颈三针
Neck Three Needles
主穴 (Main acupoints)
天柱 (BL10 tiān zhù) 、 颈百劳 (EX-HN15 jĭng băi láo) 、肩中俞 (SI 15 jiān zhōng shù)
康复医学中英文词汇
activity limitation 活动受限assessment 评价aquatic rehabilitation 水疗associated reaction 联合反应activity of daily living 日常生活活动能力agnosia 失认anomia 命名障碍alexia 阅读困难aphasia 失语arthritis 关节炎adhesive capsulitis 粘连性关节囊炎ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎amputation 截肢biofeedback 生物反馈brace 支架block 阻滞comprehensive rehabilitation 综合性康复contextual factor 背景因素complementary and alternative medicine 代偿和替代医学技术contraction 收缩cognition 认知cerebral palsy 脑瘫cervical spondylosis 颈椎病disablement 残疾dysarthria 构音障碍educational rehabilitation 教育康复environmental factor 环境因素evaluation 评定extensor 伸肌electromyography 肌电图evoked potential 诱发电位functioning 功能functional neuromuscular stimulation 功能性神经肌肉电刺激flexor 屈肌gait aids 步态辅助器handicap 残障hemiplegia 偏瘫herniation of lumbar disc 腰椎间盘突出症impairment 损伤isometric 等长isotonic 等张isokinetic 等速kinematics 运动学kinetics 动力学medical rehabilitation 医学康复manipulation 手法治疗massage 按摩manual muscle testing 手法肌力测试neglect 忽略neurodevelopment treatment 神经发育疗法outcome 后果occupational therapy 作业治疗orthosis 矫型器osteoarthritis 骨关节炎osteoporosis 骨质疏松症participation restriction 参与限制personal factor 个人因素practicality 实用性physical therapy 物理治疗physical agents 物理因子prosthesis 假肢proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation 神经肌肉易化技术psychological and neuropsychological therapy 心理和神经心理学治疗pyrexia 失用paraplegia 截瘫quality of life 生活质量rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿关节炎rating of perceived exertion 主观用力程度rehabilitation 康复rehabilitation engineering 康复工程rehabilitation medicine 康复医学reliability 信度recreation and sport therapy 文娱体育治疗reflex 反射range of motion 关节活动度social rehabilitation 社会康复sensibility 敏感性speech therapy 言语治疗sprouting 神经发芽splint 夹板spasticity 痉挛stroke 脑卒中spinal cord injury 脊髓损伤total rehabilitation 全面康复therapeutic exercise 治疗性训练traction 牵引torque 力矩traumatic brain injury 脑外伤vocational rehabilitation 职业康复validity 效度voluntary movement 随意运动wheelchair 轮椅。
最新-常见疾病的英文名称 精品
常见疾病的英文名称篇一：常见疾病英文名妇产科（）产后出血产褥感染功能性子宫出血（）宫颈癌（）流产卵巢肿瘤慢性宫颈炎慢性盆腔炎母儿血型不合溶血病（新生儿溶血）妊娠高血压综合症妊娠剧吐妊娠滋养细胞疾病（）胎膜早破外阴癌外阴阴道炎羊水栓塞（）异位妊娠（宫外孕）子宫肌瘤子宫破裂子宫体癌呼吸系统肺结核（）肺脓肿肺炎球菌肺炎肺炎支原体肺炎急性呼吸衰竭急性气管－支气管肺炎-急性上呼吸道感染慢性肺源性心脏病慢性呼吸衰竭慢性支气管炎葡萄球菌肺炎气胸胸腔积液原发性支气管肺癌支气管扩张症支气管哮喘阻塞性肺气肿内分泌系统甲状腺功能减退症甲状腺结节甲状腺腺瘤甲状腺炎糖尿病痛风垂体瘤单纯性甲状腺肿高脂血症甲状旁腺功能减退甲状腺癌消化系统胃癌肠结核非感染性腹泻病肝硬化感染性腹泻急性肝炎急性胃炎急性胰腺炎结核性腹膜炎克隆病'溃疡性结肠炎慢活肝（慢性活动性肝炎）慢性胃炎慢性胰腺炎胃肠神经官能症小儿鹅口疮-小儿疱疹性口炎-小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄-原发性肝癌心血管系统闭塞性动脉粥样硬化单纯性下肢静脉曲张动静脉瘘动脉栓塞多发性大动脉炎二尖瓣环钙化二尖瓣脱垂综合症风湿性心脏病腹主动脉瘤周围动脉瘤感染性心内膜炎高血压病（）冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（）急性心力衰竭慢性心力衰竭急性心包炎雷诺综合症梅毒性心血管病乳头肌功能不全深静脉血栓先天性心脏病心肌病心肌炎心律失常心血管神经官能症心脏粘液瘤血栓性静脉炎血液系统篇二：常见疾病英文名称补充课外词汇常见疾病名称内科酸中毒-亚－斯氏综合症,酒精中毒碱中毒过敏症贫血缺铁性贫血巨幼红细胞性贫血再生障碍性贫血脉管炎心绞痛动脉硬化中风心房纤颤-房室传导阻滞支气管哮喘支气管炎支气管扩张支气管肺炎癌心律紊乱心力衰竭心肌病肝硬化冠状动脉硬化性心脏病克罗恩病'库欣综合症糖尿病弥散性血管凝血痢疾肠炎胃溃疡胃炎痛风肝炎'霍奇金病高脂血症，血脂过多甲状旁腺功能亢进脾功能亢进高血压甲状腺功能亢进低血糖甲状腺功能减退感染性心内膜炎流感白血病大叶性肺炎淋巴结炎淋巴瘤疟疾营养不良麻疹骨髓瘤心肌梗死心肌炎肾炎肾综合症阻塞性肺气肿胰腺炎消化性溃疡腹膜炎胸膜炎肺炎紫癜过敏性紫癜血小板减少性紫癜肾盂肾炎肾功能衰竭风湿病类风湿性关节炎猩红热败血症梅毒心动过速肿瘤伤寒溃疡性结肠炎上消化道血神经科脑脓肿脑栓塞脑梗死脑血栓脑出血脑震荡颅脑损伤癫痫颅内肿瘤颅内血肿脑膜炎偏头痛神经衰弱神经官能症偏执性精神病'帕金森综合症精神病精神分裂症外科腹外疝急性弥漫性腹膜炎急性乳腺炎急性胰腺炎\-急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔急性肾盂肾炎肛裂肛瘘麻醉血管瘤阑尾炎-胃十二指肠溃疡出血骨肿瘤乳房腺瘤烧伤乳腺癌痈结肠炎食管癌胆囊癌直肠癌胃癌胆囊炎颈椎病胆管炎胆石症软骨瘤关节脱位丹毒骨折疖痔前列腺肥大肠梗阻肠结核脂肪瘤尿路结石肝脓肿黑色素瘤骨结核骨巨细胞瘤骨质疏松症骨质疏松症骨肉瘤'佩吉特病肛管直肠周围脓肿蜂窝织炎门静脉高压前列腺炎椎间盘突出化脓性关节炎化脓性骨髓炎脓胸直肠息肉类风湿性关节炎脾破裂肩周炎腱鞘炎破伤风血栓性脉管炎甲状腺腺癌甲状腺腺瘤创伤泌尿系感染下肢静脉曲张儿科急性粟粒性肺结核急性坏死性结肠炎过敏性紫癜钩虫病蛔虫病新生儿窒息房间隔缺损产伤头颅血肿脑性瘫痪先天性斜颈惊厥'唐氏综合症肾小球肾炎血友病婴儿腹泻新生儿颅内出血肠套叠新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎新生儿黄疸营养性缺铁性贫血营养性巨幼细胞性贫血动脉导管未闭骨髓灰质炎早产儿原发性肺结核进行性肌肉营养不良肺动脉狭窄化脓性脑膜炎佝偻病新生儿败血症新生儿破伤风法洛四联症鹅口疮，真菌性口炎水痘室间隔缺损病毒性脑炎病毒性心肌炎妇，产科流产子宫内膜异位症羊水栓塞'巴氏腺囊肿子宫颈癌子宫内膜癌卵巢癌宫颈炎-绒毛膜上皮癌黄体囊肿难产子痫--水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）子宫内膜异位子宫外孕葡萄胎妊娠剧吐不育症月经失调恶露念珠菌性阴道炎多胎妊娠子宫肿瘤羊水过少卵巢肿瘤盆腔炎前置胎盘胎盘早期剥离-妊娠高血压综合症早产胎膜早破产后出血产褥感染子宫破裂滴虫性阴道炎子宫胎盘卒中外阴炎五官科弱视,扁桃体炎散光鼻咽癌喉癌白内障耳鸣霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿色盲鼻中隔偏曲聋鼻前庭疖青光眼斜视远视角膜损伤耵聍嵌塞虹膜炎角膜炎迷路炎，内耳炎喉炎乳突炎近视鼻窦炎中耳炎喉梗阻扁桃体中脓肿咽炎鼻炎皮科痤疮皮肤癌褥疮褥疮性溃疡药皮疹湿疹单纯疱疹带状疱疹红斑狼疮牛皮癣荨麻疹疣篇三：常见病名的中英文对照-------------肾脓肿听神经瘤急性胰腺炎模拟模拟数字转化器脊髓血管造影血管瘤血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,大脑前动脉,前交通动脉蛛网膜囊肿-,动静脉畸形伪影星形细胞瘤肺不张衰减衰减系数轴位扫描----------,基底动脉射线硬化伪影活检枪活检针双期增强扫描,骨密度脑脓肿脑出血脑外伤支气管扩张支气管肺癌----------胸膜钙化肾结石膀胱癌宫颈癌肾癌前列腺癌卵巢癌空洞中央型肺癌脑萎缩脑搓伤脑梗塞脑缺血脑囊虫病胆脂瘤胆管癌胆囊炎慢性胰腺炎脑底动脉环肝硬化准直器控制台对比剂对比增强造影剂团注肾挫伤脊髓挫伤冠状面扫描颅咽管瘤，血管造影术,动脉性门脉造影透视导向穿刺活检导向细针抽吸活组织检查导向立体定位介入,脊髓造影值肾囊肿----------延迟扫描密度分辨率数字矩阵动态扫描----------增强扫描室管膜瘤硬膜外血肿----------脂肪肝,视野有效层厚\----------胆囊癌胆石症胶质瘤’格氏眼病----------肝囊肿肝细胞癌高千伏摄影,高分辨率-高空间频率计算法重建泛影钠-----------图象后处理图象重建,信息放射学介入放射学胆影葡胺碘苯六醇（欧乃派克）碘普罗胺伊索显----------激光打印机\----------矩阵,最大强度投影髓母细胞瘤黑色素瘤运动伪影多幅相机,多平面重建多发性肝硬化----------神经纤维瘤噪声----------听眶线重叠扫描----------部分容积效应周围间隙现象,图象存储和传输系统螺距像素平扫胸腔积液,大脑后动脉日常维护程序椎间盘突出----------,定量----------兴趣区\视网膜母细胞瘤----------定位扫描间距层厚空间分辨率椎管狭窄螺旋硬膜下血肿----------远程放射学时间分辨率薄层扫描,3三维-,三维表面重建阈值体层摄影肺结核----------,超高速优维显泛影葡胺----------,椎动脉\,仿真内镜容积采集容积扫描像素矩阵----------窗位窗宽工作站----------干板照相-线球管,氙气。
按摩行业英语-各种按摩方式的特点
各种按摩方式的特点：1.中医理疗：Chinese Massage ￥238 90minutes拔罐中草药促进血循环治疗亚健康症状Cupping glass therapy, massage with some Chinese herbs or medicines. Help promote blood circulation and cure sub-health, cervical spondylosis; backache; slipped disk; insomnia and obesity.2.高级中医理疗：Special Chinese Massage ￥298 90minutes指压刮痧拔火罐治疗颈椎，失眠，头痛等亚健康症状According to different symptoms, professional massager will provide specific massage with shiatsu, scraping or cupping glass methods to help cure cervical spondylosis, periarthritis of shoulder, Lumbar Disc Herniation, sciatica, headache or insomnia.一句话，这是针对某些伤痛的穴位的特殊按摩，可有效治疗亚健康In a word, this is specific massage according to some acupoints hurt to help cure some sub-health symptoms.3.中医养生系列五行经络养生疗法Chinese Healthcare Series Five Elements and Meridian System Healthcare Therapy￥298, 90 minutes五行精油，特殊手法。
脊柱外科常用英语词汇
脊柱外科常用英语词汇-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1脊柱外科常用英语词汇LUMBAR SPINELumbar disc herniation syndrome 腰椎间盘突出症Fenestration and Discectomy Love method(开窗髓核摘除术 Love法)minimally invasive discectomy微创椎间盘切除术MED(micro-endoscopic discectomy) 内镜椎间盘切除术Burst （Compression）fracture of T1-12, L1-5 胸腰椎爆裂(压缩)骨折Open reduction and pedicle screw internal fixation切开复位椎弓根螺钉内固定Decompression and pedicle screw system internal fixation with bone graft减压植骨椎弓根钉内固定Lumbar spine canal stenosis 腰椎管狭窄症spinal stenosisFenestration decompression(开窗减压) laminectomy椎板切除术Degenerative spondylolisthesis 假性（退变性）脊柱滑脱Spondylolitic spondylolisthesis 真性（峡部裂性）滑脱Reduction and interbody fusion (复位椎间植骨融合)anterior approach前入路posterior approach后入路Removal of internal fixation内固定取出术ALIF：anterior lumber interbody fusion前路椎间融合PLIF：posterior lumbar interbody fusion后路椎间融合TLIF：transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion经椎间孔融合Endoscopic operation内镜手术spinal fusion脊柱融合pseudarthrosis假关节chemonucleolysis髓核融解术discogenic back pain椎间盘源性腰痛sacroiliac joint骶髂关节spondylolisthesis脊柱滑脱Removal 取出（术）back pain in children and adolescents儿童和青少年的下腰痛discitis间盘炎CERVICAL SPINEAnold_Chari Deformity 颅底畸形C1 laminectomy and Occipital_C3 Fusion （颈1后弓切除加枕颈融合术）Jefferson Fracture环椎爆裂骨折Halo-vest external fixation （头环背心外固定）Atlantoaxial subluxation 环枢椎脱位Margel Screw(C1-2关节突螺钉)Trans-oral approach(经口咽入路手术)Dens Fracture 齿状突骨折Dens Screw internal fixation(齿状突螺钉内固定)Hangman Fracture C2椎弓骨折Anterior C2-3 Fusion(前路C2-3融合)Posterior C2-3 pedicle screw internal fixation (后路C2-3椎弓根内固定)Cervical spine disc herniation 颈椎间盘突出症Anterior discectomy and fusion(前路间盘摘除植骨融合)Cervical spine canal stenosis 颈椎管狭窄症Cervical spine OPLL(Osification of Posterior Longitudenal Ligarment) 颈椎后纵韧带骨化症Cervical spine dislocation and fracture 颈椎骨折脱位 Posterior open reduction and anterior fusion(后路切开复位-前路植骨融合术)Over-extension injury of Cervical spine 颈椎过伸性损伤C3-6 laminoplasty (C3-6椎板成形椎管扩大术)Kurokawa method French door-open(双开门)Hirabayashi method English door-open(单开门)cervical spondylotic radiculopathy神经根型颈椎病cervical spondylotic myelopathy脊髓型颈椎病cervical laminoplasty颈椎椎板成形术upper cervical fracture(Occiput,Atlas and Axis.C0～C1andC2)lower cervical fracture(C3～C7andT1)Thoracic spine canal stenosis 胸椎管狭窄症thoracoscopy of the spine胸腔镜下脊柱手术larproscopic spinal fusion内镜下脊柱融合Thoracic spine OLF(Osification of Ligarmentum Flavum) 胸椎黄韧带骨化症DEFORMITYTetherd cord syndrome 脊髓拴系综合征Spine shortening osteotomy(脊柱短缩截骨术)Degenerative Scoliosis 退变性侧弯 Deformity correction (畸形矫正术) Congenital Scoliosis 先天性侧弯 Hemivertabra 半椎体Idiopathic Scoliosis 特发性侧弯congenital anomalies of the spinal cord脊髓先天畸形myelomeningocele脊髓脊膜膨出occult spinal dysraphism and tethered cord隐性脊柱裂和脊髓栓系spinal disorders associated with skeletal dysplasias and metabolic diseases脊柱疾病合并骨骼发育不良及代谢性疾病juvenile and adolescent scoliosis青少年脊柱侧弯congenital scoliosis先天性脊柱侧弯idiopathic scoliosis特发性脊柱侧弯neuromuscular scoliosis神经肌肉性脊柱侧弯juvenile kyphosis青年型脊柱后凸TUMORSpinal cord tumor:Neurinoma 神经鞘瘤 Neurifibroma 神经纤维瘤 Meningioma 脊膜瘤Giant cell tumor 巨细胞瘤Chordoma 脊索瘤INFECTIONTuberculosis 结核 Pott’s disease (脊柱结核) Debridment清创（术）OTHERNominature of the disease:spine injury脊柱损伤spinal cord injury脊髓损伤spinal orthoses矫形器spinal tumor脊柱肿瘤spinal infection脊柱感染ankylosing spondylitis强直性脊柱炎rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎intradural tumors硬膜内肿瘤intraspinal infections椎管内感染,epidural硬膜外,intradural硬膜内arteriovenous malformations of the spinal cord脊髓动静脉畸形syringomyelia脊髓空洞Chronic, acute , haematogenous osteomyelitis急，慢性，血源性骨髓炎dislocation,subluxation脱位，半脱位cervical spinal stenosis颈椎管狭窄scoliosis侧弯,kyphosis后凸,lordosis前凸bone cement骨水泥OPLL:ossification of posterior longitudinal ligment后纵韧带骨化（钙化calcium）OLF: :ossification of ligment flavum黄韧带骨化Operative methods:Expansive open-door laminoplasty单开门椎管扩大成形术hirabayashi 1977 Double-door laminoplasty双开门椎管成形术Kurokawa1982Plaster 石膏corrective operation of scoliosis and kyphosis脊柱侧突及后凸畸形矫形术THA(bipolar):total hip arthroplasty全髋关节置换（双极头）TKA(arthroplasty,replacement)全膝关节置换术ORIF(open reduction and internal fixation) 切开复位内固定Clavical fracture锁骨骨折Acromioclavical 肩锁关节Humeral fracture(distal,proximal,middle,shaft)Radius,ulna,femur,tibia,fibulaepiphyseal,diaphyseal(shaft),metaphyseal干骺端的bone graftCDH(congenital dislocation of the hip)DDH(developmental dysplasia of the hip)DDH(developmental dislocation of the hip)ACL: anterior cruciate ligmentPCL: posterior cruciate ligmentMCL: mdial collateral ligmentLCL: lateral collateral ligmentMeniscus:半月板，repairmentAVN: avascular necrosis缺血性坏死Core decompression and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation髓心减压间充质干细胞移植。
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Definition 颈椎病的定义
Cervical spondylosis. It is due to cervical disc degeneration, neck injury or mechanics dysequilibrium caused by long-term muscular strain. It also because constrict or irritate cervical nerve root, spinal cord, vertebral artery or sympathetic nerve. These causes will lead neck, shoulder,back and arm pain and numbness, even lead paralysis and so: a series of clinical symptoms.
Massage Treatment 推拿治疗cle spasm, adjust cervical segmental unusual angular displacement, reduce disc burden; release nerves and vascular mechanical constriction and irritation. Acupoints: occiput posterior, neck, scapular region, chest and back, Fengchi(GB20), Cervical Jiaji(EX-B2), Jianjing(GB21)， Tianzhong(SL11), cashi point etc Approach: One finger Zen pushing, pressure manipulation, traction manipulation,pushing manipulation, grasping manipulation, cervical pulling manipulation. 治则:缓解颈肌痉挛，调整颈椎节段异常位移或成角，降低椎间盘负荷； 减少，消除神经、血管机械性压迫和刺激。 取穴:枕后部、颈项部、肩胛部、胸背部，风池、颈夹脊、肩井、天宗、 阿是穴等。 手法:一指禅推法、按压法、拔伸法、推法、拿法、颈椎扳法等。
治疗：以神经根减压为主，以轻柔手法沿放射性神经疼痛部位循 经推拿，缓解疼痛。 手法：患者坐于凳上，颈部肌肉放松。术者立于其背后，两手分 别抵住患者额部及乳突后缘，两手协调将患者头颈上提片刻，再 缓慢屈伸颈部5-10次。
2.cervical spondylotic myelopathy 脊髓型颈椎病
Diagnosis and Category 诊断与分型
Cervical spondylosis classify four categories: 1.Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy 2.Cervical spondylotic myelopathy 3.Vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis 4.Sympathetic cervical spondylosis Because different places of cervical disc herniation, constriction cause different types clinical symptoms. 颈椎病由于颈椎间盘突出，压迫的部位不同而造成不同的临床症 状，以此分为神经根型、脊髓型、椎动脉型和交感型颈椎病。
此型多表现为颈部单侧疼痛、可呈电击样，由颈根部向肩、上臂、前臂 和手指放射，且有麻木感。 上肢沉重，酸软无力，持物易坠落。患者颈部可无疼痛感。 颈部活动受限、僵硬，颈椎横突前侧有放射性压痛，肩胛骨内侧压痛。
Brachial plexus traction test positive, or holes among cervical vertebras extrusion test positive. Medicalimageology test: X-ray shows: cervical vertebraes and uncovertebral jointhyperplasia, disc space narrow, reduce cervical lordosis, disappear, or anti-bow 体格检查的表现：臂丛神经牵拉试验阳性，颈椎间孔 挤压或叩顶试验阳性。 影像学检查：X线示：颈椎椎体及钩椎关节增生，椎 间隙变窄，颈椎生理曲度减小、消失或反弓。
Massage Treatment 推拿治疗
Treatment: rely mainly on relieving nerve root constriction, and circle massage with gentle approach along the radioactive nerve pain place to ease the pain. Approach: Keep a patient seated, relax the neck muscles.Doctor’s two hands press patient’s forehead and mastoid posterior border, upward strain patient’s head and neck for a while, then cervical stretch and flexion slowly 5-10 times.
Patients show slowly progressive lower extremity numbness, chills, pain。 Unsteady gait, weakness, trip over easily, unable to over obstacles, patient may feel “feet step on cotton” 患者多表现为缓慢进行性双下肢麻木、发冷、疼痛。 走路欠稳、无力、易绊倒，不能跨越障碍物，诉“脚 踩棉花”感。
3.Vertebral arterial insufficiency of cervical spondylosis 椎动脉型颈椎病
Patients shows a unilateral occipital nuchal or neck and shoulder paroxysmal pain, vertigo, and vision week, tinnitus, etc. Positional vertigo,that is when the head move to a position, inducing vertigo, or easy to suddenly fall. 患者多表现出单侧枕项部或颈肩部发作性疼痛，伴眩 晕及视力减弱、耳鸣等。 体位性眩晕，即常因头部活动到某一位置时诱发眩晕， 易猝然摔倒。
Medicalimageology test ：detection of vertebral artery blood flow and carotid artery angiography can indicate whether the blood pressure, tortuous, thinning or block. X-ray can show vertebrae unstable and luschka joint side hyperplasia 影像学检查：椎动脉血流检测及颈动脉造影可 提示有无血管压迫、迂曲、变细或阻滞。X线 可显示椎节不稳定及钩椎关节侧方增生。
体格检查：肌张力增高，腱反射亢进，锥体束征阳性。 影像学检查：X线结果类似于神经根型颈椎病。CT可见颈椎间盘 变性。MRI检查显示受压节段脊髓有信号改变，脊髓受压呈波浪 样压迹。
Massage treatment 推拿治疗
Treatment：main purpose is to relieve spinal constriction Note: treatment only to relieve neck muscle tension, be careful to use heavy manipulation, such as pulling manipulation, pulling out method, etc. 治疗：以脊髓减压为主要治疗目的。 注意，治疗时以单纯缓解颈部肌肉紧张痉挛为主，慎 用重手法，如扳法、拔伸等。
颈椎病又称颈椎综合症，是由于颈椎间盘退行性改变，颈部损伤 或长期劳损造成颈脊柱内外力平衡失调，压迫或刺激颈神经根、 脊髓、椎动脉或交感神经，引起颈部及肩背手臂的麻木疼痛，甚 至瘫痪等一系列临床症状的综合病症。
This disease is more common in the elderly. Their cervical disc degeneration,cervical osteoarthritis and other pathological changes,leading to constrict and irritate cervical nerve root, spinal cord or vertebral artery,then Cervical spondylosis appears. 本病多见于中老年人，由于颈椎间盘发生退行性改变、 颈椎骨质增生等病变，导致颈部神经根、脊髓或椎动 脉受到压迫或刺激，出现本病。
Physical examination ：muscle tension increases. tendon hyperreflexia, pyramidal tract signs positive Medicalimageology test ：X-ray results similar with that of the nerve root type cervical spondylosis. CT shows cervical disc degeneration. MRI examination shows constrictive segment spinal cord has signal changes, its wave-like pressure trace.