浅谈非语言交际中的身势语
演讲中的非语言沟通技巧
演讲中的非语言沟通技巧演讲是一种重要的沟通方式，它不仅通过言语传递信息，还通过非语言沟通技巧传达出更多的观点和情感。
非语言沟通技巧在演讲中扮演着关键的角色，它能够增强演讲的表达力和吸引力。
本文将探讨一些在演讲中有效运用的非语言沟通技巧。
一、肢体语言肢体语言是指人们通过肢体动作和姿势来传递信息和情感的一种方式。
在演讲中，正确运用肢体语言可以使演讲更加生动、形象和感染力十足。
首先，姿势的运用是肢体语言中的重要组成部分。
举双手向上，可以表达出自信和友好；将手交叉在胸前可能表示防御和抵触态度。
此外，站姿也是肢体语言中的一项关键技巧。
站立的直立和稳定可以传达出自信和权威感，而举手投足的舞台移动可以增加演讲的活力和变化。
其次，眼神交流是肢体语言中不可或缺的组成部分。
直视听众的眼睛可以传达出真诚和自信，而眼神四处游移可能会给人漫不经心或缺乏自信的印象。
在演讲时，适当地与观众进行眼神交流，可以使观众感受到演讲者的亲近和沟通。
最后，手势的运用是肢体语言中一个重要的方面。
通过手势的运用，演讲者能够更加形象地表达观点和强调重点。
例如，使用手指指向某个对象或者做出画圈的动作，可以吸引听众的注意力并强调某个观点。
二、面部表情面部表情是演讲中非常关键的一个非语言沟通技巧。
通过面部表情，演讲者能够传达出自己的情感和观点，增强演讲的表达力。
首先，微笑是一种常见的面部表情。
适当地微笑可以让演讲者更加亲切和友善，与观众建立良好的情感联系。
然而，在演讲中，微笑要适度而真诚，过度的笑容可能会让观众感到不自然或者不真实。
其次，眉毛的运用可以传递出演讲者的情感和观点。
举起眉毛可以表达出惊讶或者好奇的情感，而皱起眉头可能表示不满或者疑虑。
演讲者可以通过运用眉毛的灵活变化，更加生动地表达自己的观点和情感。
最后，眼睛的表情也是面部表情中重要的组成部分。
眼神的变化可以传递出演讲者的情感和态度。
例如，眼睛亮起可以传达出兴奋和激动，而眼神的迷离可能表示思考或者回忆。
演讲中的非言语沟通肢体语言的力量
演讲中的非言语沟通肢体语言的力量演讲中的非言语沟通：肢体语言的力量演讲是一种非常重要的交流方式，在演讲过程中，除了语言表达之外，肢体语言也扮演着重要的角色。
准确、灵活、有力的肢体语言可以增强演讲的说服力和吸引力，使听众更好地理解和接受演讲者的观点。
本文将探讨演讲中肢体语言的力量，并通过实例说明其重要性和应用。
一、肢体语言的功能肢体语言是指通过身体的姿势、动作、面部表情和眼神等来传达信息和表达情感的方式。
在演讲中，肢体语言具有以下功能：1. 增强表达效果：适当的手势和身体动作可以丰富演讲内容，使之更加生动有趣。
例如，向前迈出一步、举起手臂或足够的眼神接触可以引起听众的注意，并使他们更加专注于演讲者的讲话。
2. 强调重点：通过肢体语言的强调，演讲者能够更清晰地传达重要观点和信息。
例如，演讲者可以用手指指向特定的地方，或者通过肢体动作的打断来吸引和引导听众的注意。
3. 传达情感：肢体语言对于传达情感非常重要。
演讲者可以通过面部表情和姿势来表达自信、激情和诚意等情感，从而更好地与听众建立情感连接。
二、肢体语言的应用技巧在演讲中，如何正确和有效地运用肢体语言是演讲者需要掌握的关键技巧。
以下是一些常用的肢体语言应用技巧：1. 符合语境：肢体语言需要与演讲的内容和语气相一致。
例如，在讲述激动人心的故事时，适当的手臂挥舞和身体运动可以增加戏剧性，增强情感共鸣。
而在阐述严肃议题时，稳定的身体姿势和适度的手势会更显专业和可信。
2. 控制力度：肢体动作的力度需要适度，既不能过于夸张，也不能过于僵硬。
过度夸张的动作会分散听众的注意力，而过于僵硬的动作则会给人呆板和不自然的感觉。
演讲者需要通过实践和观察来找到适合自己的力度。
3. 注意姿势和面部表情：姿势和面部表情对于肢体语言的有效传达起到至关重要的作用。
保持舒缓的姿态，避免过度张力和紧张。
面部表情应与演讲的内容和情感相匹配，展示出真实的情感和魅力。
4. 眼神接触：与观众进行眼神接触是一种重要的肢体语言技巧。
浅谈非语言交际中的身势语
浅谈非语言交际中的身势语摘要“身势语”同语言一样,都是文化的一部分。
在不同文化中,身势语的意义并不完全相同。
各民族有不同的非语言交际方式.例如：不同的民族在谈话时,对双方保持多大距离才合适有不同的看法；谈话双方身体接触的次数多少因文化不同而各异；在目光接触这一方面也有许多规定：看不看对方,什么时候看,看多久,什么人可以看,什么人不可以看；在某些场合下,在中国和讲英语的国家无论微笑还是大笑,通常表示友好﹑赞同﹑满意﹑高兴﹑愉快,但是在某些场合,中国人的笑会引起西方人的反感；打手势时动作稍有不同,就会与原来的意图有所区别,对某种手势理解错了,也会引起意外的反应等等。
因此,要用外语进行有效的交际,在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的手势,动作,举止等所表示的意思。
而有些权威人士认为两者相互依存。
在大多数情况下这是对的。
在某些情况下,人体动作与所说的话不一致,口头说的与身势语表达的意思不一样。
这时要借助其他信息或从整个情况中猜测说话人的意思,从某种意义上说,一切身势语都要放在一定的情景下去理解；忽视了整个情景就会发生误解。
而通过中美身势语对比研究表明,两者有相似的地方,也有差异的地方,说明了解另一种语言中身势语的重要性。
可见,真正掌握两种语言的人在? 挥昧硪恢钟镅运祷笆币惨挥昧硪恢稚硎朴铩Ｕ庋拍艽锏礁玫慕患市Ч?/P>关键词:非语言交际身势语不同文化不同方式Body Language on Nonverbal CommunicationAbstract“Body language”, like our verbal language, is also a part of our culture. But not all body language means the same thing in different cultures. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. For example: different people have different ideas about the proper distance between people conversing; the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures; one could draw up quite a list of “rules” about eye contact: to look or not to look;when to look and how long to look; who and who not to look at; smiles and laughte r usually convey friendliness, approval, satisfaction, pleasure, joy and merriment, and, this is generally true in China as well as the English-speaking countries, however, there are situations when some Chinese will laugh that will cause negative reactions by westerners; gestures can be particularly troublesome, for a slight difference in making the gesture itself can mean something quite different from that intended, and, a wrong interpretation of a gesture can arouse quite unexpected reactions and so on. So in order to communicate effectively in a forEign language, one should&nb sp;know also the gestures, body movements, mannerisms and etc. that accompany a particular language. Some authorities feel that the two are dependent on each other. This is certainly true in most situations. But it is also true that in certain situations body action contradicts what is bEIng said, just as the spoken words may mean something quite different from what body language communicates. When this occurs, one must try to get further information, or guess the meaning from the context of the situation. In a sense, all body language should be interpreted ;within a given context; to ignore the overall situation could be misleading. A comparative study of Chinese and American body language shows a number of similarities and diversities of body language. It shows the importance of knowing the specific gestures that go with a language. Observation shows that a truly bilingual person switches his body language at the same time he switches languages. This makes communication easier and better.Key words:nonverbal communication body language different culture different waysContents1. Introduction (1)2. The necessity and importance of learning body language on nonverbal communication (2)3. The concrete types and application of the body language (3)3.1 Types of body language (3)3.1.1 Distance between people conversing ...... 33.1.3 Eye contact (4)3.1.4 Smiles and laughter (6)3.1.5 Gestures (6)3.2 Application of the body language (6)3.2.1 Greetings (6)3.2.2 Signs of affection (8)3.2.3 Physical contact in life (8)3.3 A comparative study of Chinese and American body language……94. Conclusion (12)<!--。
英汉跨文化非言语交际身势语语用特征及文化差异
英汉跨文化非言语交际身势语语用特征及文化差异1 引言人类交际是语言交际和非语言交际的结合，非语言交际是整个交际中不可缺少的组成部分。
非语言交际指不用词语的交际，有无声和有声之分。
但一般说来，非语言交际多指无声。
我们的面部表情，头部动作，坐立姿势，手势和身体某一部位的移动，身体的接触，对话时的位置和距离，都在有意识无意识的发出某种信息，表达某种意识。
人们就把这种非语言交际方式成为身势语。
身势语主要包括手势，姿态，面部表情，嗓子的音质，交谈者之间的距离，谈话者选择衣着打扮的方法所传递的信息，说话人判断接话时机的方法等。
2 身势语的语用特征作为符号概念的身势是交际和传递信息的符号单位，它用于传递信息，早已未人们所熟悉，并能自如的运用各自群体中所通用的符号势进行交际。
从话语意义的研究角度看，身势语的语用特征主要体现在以下几个方面。
2.1 辅助，替代功能身势语伴随话语，对话语起着补充，强调或者确定的辅助功能，他们相互依附，相互支持以取得预期良好的交际效果。
身势语与话语同时或先后进行，它能使语言表达更生动，更形象，语义信息量更大，更清楚。
由于各种原因，在许多场合人们用身势语来替代话语，并给交际增加了特殊的表现力。
例如：” Pardon me，sir ，will you do mea favor ？Let mepurchase you one of these puddings. It would give mesuch pleasure. ”He jumped back as if he had been stung ，and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.“请原谅，先生，能赏我个脸吗？让我为您买一只布丁吧，如果您肯收下，我将不胜感激。
”他往后一跳，仿佛被什么东西蛰了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨的通红。
2.2 表情功能主要是通过面部表情表露感情或者情绪，当然，身体其他部分也可显露这类情绪。
浅析非语言交际下的肢体语言对汉语国际教育课堂教学的促进作用
浅析非语言交际下的肢体语言对汉语国际教育课堂教学的促进作用肢体语言是人类交流的重要方式之一，它包括姿势、动作、表情等非语言符号的使用。
在汉语国际教育课堂教学中，肢体语言的运用具有重要的促进作用。
本文将从非语言交际的特点、肢体语言在汉语国际教育课堂教学中的作用、及其促进作用三个方面进行浅析。
一、非语言交际的特点非语言交际是指通过身体语言、表情、动作等非语言方式进行的交际形式。
它具有以下几个特点：1. 多样性：非语言交际形式多种多样，包括手势、眼神、面部表情、姿态等，具有丰富的表现形式和信息传递方式。
2. 全球性：非语言交际在全球范围内都具有一定的相似性和共通性，能够跨越语言障碍，形成跨文化交流的桥梁。
3. 隐蔽性：有些非语言交际信号往往是潜意识行为，传递的信息更为真实和直接，代表了个体内心状态和情感。
二、肢体语言在汉语国际教育课堂教学中的作用1. 视觉效果：肢体语言能够增加视觉效果，丰富课堂教学的表现形式，吸引学生的注意力，提高学生的课堂参与度和学习兴趣。
2. 表达情感：肢体语言是情感的表达方式，能够更直接、生动地传递情感，增强语言表达的感染力和说服力。
3. 补充语言信息：肢体语言可以作为语言信息的补充，帮助学生更好地理解和记忆语言知识，加深学生对语言的印象和理解。
4. 跨文化交流：在汉语国际教育中，学生来自不同国家，肢体语言能够跨越语言和文化的障碍，增进师生之间的相互理解和交流。
1. 提高教学效果：通过适当的肢体语言使用，能够提高课堂教学的效果，激发学生学习的兴趣、提高学习积极性，增强学生对语言知识的记忆和理解。
2. 促进交流与互动：肢体语言能够促进师生之间的交流与互动，增进师生之间的情感联系，提高教学过程的融洽度，加强师生之间的信任和沟通。
3. 促进跨文化理解：通过肢体语言的使用，能够有助于促进跨文化理解，加深学生对中国语言、文化和民俗的认识，增强学生对汉语文化的兴趣和理解。
4. 提高教师教学能力：积极利用肢体语言进行课堂教学，有助于提高教师的教学能力和艺术技巧，提升教师的师范魅力和教学水平。
谈非语言交际中的身势语
当众拥抱是身体接触中的常见形 式 ， 一般是在夫妻 、亲朋久别重逢
时发生 。在许多 国家 ，两个 女性见 面拥抱 亲热也是常事 。英美 等英语 国 家 的女性常 以轻轻拥抱异性并 亲对方的面颊 以示再见 。在 东亚多树 国家 和英语 国家 ，两个异性之间表示欢迎 时 ，只是握握手 ；很 少拥抱 ， 日 本 人更是习惯深鞠躬以示欢迎 。在阿拉伯 、俄 国、法 国、东 欧和地 中海烟
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谈非语言交际 中的身势语
文／ 何跃珍
摘 要：本 文主要 阐述 了非语 言交际中身势语的概念 、常用身势语 的种 类以及 身势语 的一般特点。 关键词 ：ｊ ｝ 语 言交际；常用身势语 ；特点
１ ． 身 势 语 的 ，是非语 言交 际 （ Ｎ ｏ ｎ—ｖ ｅ ｒ ｂ ａ ｌ Ｃ ｏ ｎ— ｒ ｍ ｕ ｎ ｉ ｅ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ）亦即 Ｎ Ｖ Ｃ 信 号的一种形式 。人 们交 际时的点头 、招 手 、扬 眉 、耸肩等姿态动作构成身 势语 的单位 。身 势语 的专 门技 术语为 ｋ ｉ ｎ ｅ — ｓ ｉ ｅ ｓ ，意为 “ 人体动作学” ，它研究 通过人体动 作进行 沟通的科学 规律 ， 探索种种有来龙去脉的身体 动作模式 。该学科 ２ ０ 世纪５ ０年代 兴起 ，以 英 国著名人类 学家 Ｒ ．Ｌ ．Ｂ ｉ ｒ ｄ ｗ ｈ ｉ ｓ ｔ ｅ ｌ ｌ 博士 为代表 。他指 出，人体 各部 位 的运动肌之动作 、器官等都可 以表达和交流信息 、感情 、 态 度 ，而且 这些机制往往起到言语所达不 到的效果 ，因而 “ 身体即信 息” 。他认为 ， 在表达意义与感情的手段中 ， ６ ５ ％ 以上是靠面部表情 、动作 、手势 、姿 势等身势语来完成 的。心理 学家 Ｄ ａ ｖ ｉ ｄ Ａ ｂ ｅ ｒ ｃ ｏ ｍ ｂ ｉ ｅ 也 指出 ： “ 我们 用发 音器官说话 ，但用整个 身体交谈 。 ” ２ ．常用身势语主要有以下 几种 ２ ． １目光语 目光语是通过眼睛来反 映心理 ，表达情感 。意大利伟大 的艺术家达 芬奇曾说 ：“ 眼睛是心灵 的窗户 。 ” 赫斯著有 《 会说话 的眼睛》 一书 。 甚至有的心理学家还认 为 ，人 的视线活动概括 了７ ０ ％的态势语言表达领 域 。芬兰的心理学家还做过这样 的实验 ：把演 员不 同情绪的 目光 照片 ， 裁成只保 留眼神的细条 ，然后 让人们分辨他们所表现 的情 感 ，结果正确 率很高 。这说明 ：人们都能解读 目 光语言 。 ２ ．２面部语 面部语是通过面部肌肉姿态的变化来表达思想感情 。面部 可 以把高 兴 、悲哀 、痛苦 、畏惧 、愤 怒 、失 望 、忧 虑 、烦 恼 、报 复 、疑 惑等 迅 速 、敏捷 、充分地反 映出来 。面部表情是人心理活动 ，情绪 变化的寒暑 表。 ２ ．３手势语 手势语是通过手和手指活 动传 递信息 ，是 身势语 的重要表达 方式 。 手势变化形态多 ，表达内容丰富，具有极强 的表现力和 吸引力。二次大 战期间 ，英国首相丘吉尔在结 束电视演讲时 ，举起握拳 的右手 ，然后伸 食指和 中指构成 “ Ｖ ”形 ，以象 征英 文 “ 胜 利” （ ｖ ｉ ｃ ｔ ｏ ｒ ｙ ）一词 的开头 字母 ，结果引起全国欢呼。因为这手 势十分形象地表达 了英 国人 民战胜 法西斯的必胜信心和决心。 ２ ． ４体触语
浅谈身势语--商务英语本科学位论文
中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题目：浅谈身势语姓名：000000000班级、学号：000000000系(部) ：经济管理系专业：商务英语指导教师：0000000开题时间：2009-4-10完成时间：2009-11-82009 年11 月8 日目录课题浅谈身势语一、课题(论文)提纲二、内容摘要三、参考文献A Brief Discussion on Body Language0000000Abstract：Body language is an important part of nonverbal communication and it is connected with culture. In order to make successful exchange in cross-cultural communication, we should know the body language from different cultures. And we should realize that body language, like verbal communication and culture, also has many similarities all over the world. However, body language from different cultures has many differences because of different regions, races and cultural customs. And it is restricted by its culture and has different cultural connotations. That is to say, the same body language has different meanings in different cultures and has different social functions. This article devotes to a comparison and contrast of body language in different cultures in terms of eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions and touch. It aims to illustrate the differences and similarities of body language and put forward the principles of reducing barriers in communication so as to achieve efficient communication and to avoid misunderstanding.Key Words：Nonverbal Communication; Body Language; Cultural Differences and Similarities; PrinciplesIntroductionPeople can communicate with each other through not only verbal communication but also nonverbal communication and we learned.Moreover, the latter plays an essential role in human communication. Nonverbal communication is connected with cultures and it is the result of cultures. But many people pay great attention to the acceptance and correctness of the verbal communication and overlook the influence and cultural difference of nonverbal communication. Then the misunderstanding and cultural crash often occur in the cross-cultural communication. So in the process of communication, it is not a complete communication while ignoring the cultural differences of nonverbal communication. It is clear without body language we can’t finish our informational exchange. Body language, like verbal language can express emotions, exchange ideas and deliver information. So we must know the cultural differences of body language to achievee f f i c i e n t c o m m u n i c a t i o n.1. Definition and Functions of Nonverbal Communication1.1 Definition of Nonverbal Communication“Nonverbal communication is a process in which communicators use the natural features of their bodies to deliver information and express specific meaning instinctively to the other communicator.”The study of nonverbal communication coversthree major parts: Proxernics, Kinesics or Body Language, and Paralanguage.Proxernics refers that people keep certain space with each other when they communicate and the meaning it suggests. For example, Arabians like to keep close while Englishmen like to keep a certain distance. It is funny to see they are in conversation. Arabians will come closer and closer but Englishmen will withdraw further and further. When they finish the conversation, they are far away from the place they stood. Kinesics is also called body language, which studies the meanings of the movement of all parts of body and it includes many nonverbal behavior such as eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, touch and so on. We will discuss it in details later. Paralanguage refers to all kinds of sound signals made by mouth, which can express certain emotions and ideas.1.2 Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal communication, like verbal communication is also a part of culture and the carrier of a certain culture. The function of nonverbal communication in the whole communication can’t be overlooked. “In the daily communication, we can see people can’t communicate efficiently by verbal language alone. And nonverbal communication will express clear meanings in a certain context. And a certain nonverbal communication should be connected withverbal communication or the other nonverbal communication to provide correct information.”So in communicative activities, nonverbal communication also plays a great role. Of course, we should pay close attention to the functions of nonverbal communication. “In any case, when verbal communication conflicts with nonverbal communication, people are willing to accept the information nonverbal communication delivers. Because nonverbal communication sounds more natural, more instinctive and it is hard to pretend.”Obviously, we should make full use of nonverbal communication to achieve efficient communication. Now, we will discuss the functions of nonverbal communication.2. Classification of Body LanguageWe have discussed the importance of nonverbal communication. And we also know body language reflects a certain cultural background. On the one hand, in a certain tradition, body language is determined by its customs and traditions. Violating them will cause communicative disconnection and misunderstanding. On the other hand, the meanings of body language in a certain culture are developing and changing. With the development of technology, traffic and contact all over the world, the meanings of body language are renewing every day. In this essay, we intend to makea comparison and contrast of the similarities and differences on body language in order to avoid misunderstanding and make efficient communication.General sense, the study of body language began in 1950s. And during 1970s, the study of body language entered a fully developing period. From the late of 1970s to the early period of 1980s, body language contained more contents, and had a great influence on the other fields. And Doctor R. L. Bird Whitell is the representive of study of body language. His research indicated: eyebrows could change for 23 positions and people could make 250,000 different facial expressions. “And psychologist David Aberconbie also pointed out: ‘we speak with verbal organs but we talk with our body.’”Body language contains eye language, gestures, postures, facial expressions, manners and behaviors and touch and so on. As the most important part of nonverbal communication, body language, like verbal language, has notable cultural features. Some parts of body language are innate, some are acquired and others are conscious. For example，a baby can cry when it is born. It can suck its fingers when it is hungry. When we are excited, our pupils will enlarge distinctively. Our eyebrows will move rapidly when we greet. And we will frown when we are unsatisfied. We are yawning when we feel sleepy. We cancontrol some body language and we can do some postures consciously.For example, if a public speaker is fiddling with a pencil or with his glasses all the time while he is talking, he is telling quite clearly that he is nervous. But some experienced speechmaker will pretend well and show confidence.3. Cultural Differences of Body LanguageDifferent believes are the causes of the differences of body language. According to the theories proposed by American anthologists Barnettt Pearce, Verrion Cronent, people’s behavior, the way of thinking and so on are affected by their believes. And every culture has its distinctive belief system. A normal action in this culture will be abnormal in another one. A positive behavior in one culture will be negative in another. People from eastern world advocate modesty, tolerance, mutual-support and responsibility for the group. But western people admire independence, self-respect, free development, and requiring individual space and so on.3.1 Eye LanguageSaying goes “The eyes are the window of the soul”. That is to say, we can read one’s mind through his/her eyes. Eye language can express complicated feelings and it is an important way to judge the intimacy of communicators. People from Englishspeaking countries have more eye contact when they are in conversation. In Juliets Faster’s book “Body Language”, there is a paragraph which can explain the problem. “Two strangers sit face to face in the dinning room in a train; they can introduce themselves to each other. When they are eating, they can talk anything else. They also can avoid eye contact and do not show interest in each other. A writer described this situation in an article “They look over the menu again and again, play with knives and look at their nails. It seems that they look at them for the first time. If their eyes meet, they will turn away immediately and look out of the window.”Americans pay great attention to the time and the way of eye contact. In common conversation, they will look at each other about one minute and then they will look away. If two Americans gaze at each other, which indicate they are intimate. In North America, the children there have learned to look at the other communicator directly. If they don’t, they are regarded lack of enthusiasm or confidence. They believe the saying “Never trust a person who can’t look you in the eyes.”Another example, Americans have a trip to a village and the local people stare at them. They are annoyed and think the local people are rude. In fact, it is normal in the village. They are just curious. “American social psychologist Michael Argyle found out:People who like each other have more eye-contact than people who dislike each other.”In communication, looking down frequently can indicate submissiveness or embarrassment. Looking away constantly may express dissatisfaction. Females are likely to communicate with more eye contact, especially among females. But too long eye contact will cause embarrassment. Most people feel uneasy and uncomfortable under the strong staring. When people always stare at us, we will feel we are threatened or suspect their sincerity. From what is mentioned above we can conclude that different cultural background has a great influence on body language. And eye language also reflects different cultures and believes. So we need to observe and compare and contrast carefully so as to improve cultural exchange and to blend well.3.2 GesturesSture means we communicate and express by the movement and manners of our hands and fingers.”“Without gestures, our world will be static and colorless. We may literally roll up our sleeves when talking about cleaning up the room and run to meet the person we are eager to see. It seems natural to clench our fist or perhaps even pound to the lectern to let every one realize the importance of our message when trying to communicate a strong feeling, which emphasize our words.”In our daily life, every onemakes gestures, but many gestures have distinct regional and cultural features. “Don’t assume that every one in the world understands one gesture in the same way.”For example，Americans often touch their temples to express somebody’s cleverness. But this action means there is something wrong with one’s mind or one is stupid to Chinese. Chinese are often surprised to see Americans lay their hands on their necks when they are full. Because it is an suicide action to Chinese, who used to express fullness by patting their stomachs. And another example, People from English-speaking countries turn around their rings constantly to show nervousness or uneasiness. Now people from Taiwan and Hong Kong also have this gesture. But if people in the mainland of China act like this, they will be regarded they are showing off richness. It is clear to see the same gesture with different meanings in different cultures, and people from different cultures will express same meaning by different gestures. So it is necessary for us to know the cultural difference to avoid misunderstanding.3.3 Postures“Posture is a matter of how people sit, walk, stand and move.”What kind of posture people use also can reflect the cultural differences between east and west. “Hewes pointed out culturemostly determined what kind of postures people use and the meaning and emotion they suggested.”According to Chinese tradition, people who are sitting have right to take charge of others: Monarch sits and officer stands; father sits and son stands; leader sits and employee stands and so on. So the younger give the old a seat to show respect. But in America and Britain, people who are in charge of others have tendency to stand. They will make use of the height of space to indicate the high status. People who have high status choose to sit when they are conversing with you, which mean they want to create harmonious and equal atmosphere and lessen space. So adults will bend down when they are talking to children. “Froyd once said “No one can really keep secret. If he does not talk and keep silent, he will talk with his fingers. In a whole, part of his body will sell him out.”In fact, this statement refers that people’s postures, attitude and other body language can deliver more hidden information. People may control their facial expressions successfully and appear calm. But they do not realize that his nervousness and eagerness have let out from his body language. Their feet may be stamping on the floor. Madness is the emotion that may let out from our feet and legs.When we are quarrelling with others, our feet will be nervous and trembling unconsciously. And females will make some teasingpostures with their legs. And postures can also reflect people’s attitude towards their communicators. The research indicated: males communicate with the person they don’t like, whether they are relaxed or nervous determined by whether their communicators are threatening or not. In this experiment, females will express dislike with very relaxing postures. Postures will be the clue of the internal relationship of a group. For example,For example, In interpersonal communication, good manners show great respect to the other people. For example, having an interview for job-hunting, we should behave well. “And we can conclude something from people’s posture. When we listen to people, we believe they are more energetic, confident and competent if they stand erect. On the other hand, when we see a person slouching over a lectern or standing lazily, we make a negative interpretation. We say the person is not very interested in what they are discussing.”3.4 TouchTouch refers to the way people exchange information by touching one’s body. The most common touch behavior is hands shaking and hugs. Chinese belong to low-contractual cultures.In China, people greet with each other with head nodding, smile, hand shaking and so on.Even good friends just hold handsfor a short time or hammer softly on the other friend’s shoulder. As for hand shaking, people in North America shake hands when they greet with each other. As children, they have learnt to hold other people’s hands tightly. East Asian people often shake hands slightly; because they think tight hand shaking means challenge. Nowadays, hand shaking has become a custom to show hospitality and friendliness in many countries. But the way of hand shaking is a little different.For example, the French will shake hands with his host when they come into and leave the host’s house. But Germans only shake hands only with their host when they come into the house. Some Africans will make a sound by fingers after hand-shaking to show freedom. And Chinese shake hands for a short time and loose and then they stand away from each other. But Chinese shake hands tightly and keep closer to express politeness and respect.3.5 Facial Expressions“The face has been called an ‘organ of emotion’because we constantly read facial expressions to understand what others are feeling. The face provides vital clues to our own feelings and those of the people around us. Of all the nonverbal channels, the face is the most important broadcaster of emotions.”“There was once adumb show called “eating chicken”at the spring festival party. The actor, Wang Jinyu, performed the whole process of eating chicken by his facial expressions and gestures without saying a single word, which gained a lot of applause.”If he can not convey his true feeling and exaggerated postures of eating chicken, the performance would be a failure.For example, Journalists deliver information to the pubic mainly from what he interviewed from interviewees. So the interviewees’cooperation determines the success of the report. So experienced journalists will use facial expressions such as smile, head nodding to show they are interested so as to make the witnesses relax and feel easy and cooperate with the journalist actively and voluntantly.When we have guests at home, we will smile to show welcome. But American Indians will cry to express welcome. Smiles will not only represent happiness and friendliness but also indicate apology and understanding. For instance, we stamped other’s feet on the bus because of a sudden brake; we will smile to the person. It means to say “Sorry”, “Very Sorry”. When colliding with a stranger, we will smile to show we have no hostility. The smile on the face of waiters or waitress means they welcome us. But sometimes,western people will feel disgusted about Chinese’s smile. For example,4. The Similarities of Body Language and Their Causes4.1 The Similarities of Body LanguageWe have discussed different cultural meanings of body language and its cause. Though different cultures result in different body languages, they also have common features. For example, master of comedy, Chapling was very popular with people all over the world because of his humorous behavior in the silent films during 1920s and 1930s. Now, let’s go on the similarities of body language.“Charles Darwin mentioned in his book ‘Emotional Expression of Human and Animals’. This book discussed whether the same expressions and postures suggested the same meaning both for human and animals.”And he asked people all around the world and collected their possible replies. Surprisingly, the answers were almost same, especially on facial expressions. Heading nodding often means agreement or greeting in most countries. And shaking one’s head often means disagreement or “No”. Applauding means appreciation or agreement and so on.4.2 The Causes Resulting in the Similarities of Body Language.“We can analyze the reason why different cultures have the same meaning on body language from psychology, linguistics, anthropology, culturology, semilogy, philosophy and so on. From anthropology, body language is the symbols and a tool of human communication. Human beings have the same ancestor, which determines the similarities of body language.”Nowadays, with the development of the world, people from different cultures communicate more and more often. We have more chance to exchange culture and economy. The expert, Mcluhan compare the world to “global village”to describe the world, which means the world becoming smaller and smaller because of more and more communication. On the one hand, people from east world have accepted the body language from west world, such as thumbing a ride, shrugging, “OK”gesture, “V”gesture and so on. On the other hand, with rapid development of East Asia and Southeast Asia, the body language from east world has a great influence on that of the west world. In the communication of east and west people, many westerners have learned Chinese customs and etiquettes.ConclusionWe have discussed the differences and similarities on body language and principles of reducing barriers in communicationabove. Being a branch of the means of nonverbal communication, body language can help us solve a lot of problems we meet. The study of body language makes us understand others very well and behave in proper ways without making too many mistakes. It is difficult to master body language because of its complexity, but we can improve our communicative abilities if we try to the utmost of our efforts to learn what we should know and follow the principles mentioned above. What we should do is to remember how people from different cultures act and to keep an understanding and tolerant attitude towards the differences. Only when we make a clear understanding on body language, can we use body language of English speaking countries to make an efficient communication and avoid misunderstanding.References:[1]徐小丹.跨文化交际中的非言语交际.黑龙江社会科学，2004（2）[2]管延祥.非语言交际与大学英语教学.经济师，2004（2）[3]李树刚.非语言交际在英语课堂教学中的运用及其文化差异.琼州大学学报，2004（3）[4]张建青.浅谈身势语.山东师范大学外国语学院学报（基础英语教育），2004，6（2）[5]喻硕丰.浅谈身势语在跨文化交际中的作用.沈阳教育学院学报，2005，7（1）[6]黄红霞.身势语中的文化差异.武汉交通科技大学学报，2000，13（2）[7]范杏丽.不同文化背景下非语言交际对比.华中理工，2000，14（2）。
非语言交际与身势语
非语言交际与身势语在人类的日常交流中，语言固然重要，但其实非语言交际和身势语也起着至关重要的作用。
非语言交际和身势语的出现可以追溯到人类文明的历史早期，那时人类还没有发展出复杂的语言系统。
通过非语言交际和身势语，人类能够传达情感、意图，甚至可以表达某些抽象的概念。
非语言交际是指通过除了语言之外的方式进行交流，它包括身势语、面部表情、目光接触、触摸、空间和时间等因素。
身势语是非语言交际中非常重要的一部分，它是指通过身体动作和姿势来传达信息的一种方式。
身势语可以包括手势、身体倾斜、肌肉紧张、微笑、皱眉等。
在非语言交际中，身势语的应用非常广泛。
例如，当我们感到愤怒时，我们可能会握紧拳头，挺直身体，眉头紧锁；当我们感到害怕时，我们可能会将身体缩成一团，或者跑动；当我们感到开心时，我们可能会张开双臂，微笑并欢呼。
这些身势语都在传达着我们的情感和意图。
非语言交际在人类社会中具有非常重要的意义。
首先，它可以帮助我们更好地理解他人的情感和意图。
通过观察他人的面部表情、身体姿势和动作，我们可以更好地了解他们的情感状态和意图。
其次，非语言交际还可以帮助我们更好地传达自己的情感和意图。
有时，通过言语无法表达清楚的事情，通过身势语却可以更好地表达。
总之，非语言交际和身势语在人类交流中起着至关重要的作用。
它们不仅可以传达情感和意图，还可以帮助我们更好地理解他人的情感和意图。
因此，在日常生活中，我们应该注意自己的身势语，以便更好地与他人交流。
我们也应该学会观察他人的身势语，以便更好地理解他们的情感和意图。
这样，我们才能更好地与他人进行交流，从而达到更好的沟通效果。
俄语身势语是一种非常重要的非语言交流方式，它能够补充和强化言语表达，帮助人们更好地理解和沟通。
在俄语中，身势语可以按照不同的方式进行分类，包括来源、表达方式和使用场合等。
根据来源，俄语身势语可以分为本能性身势语和人文性身势语。
本能性身势语是指人类天生具有的身体语言，例如微笑、眨眼和手势等，这些身势语在各种文化中都有类似的意义和用法。
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浅谈非语言交际中的身势语
浅谈非语言交际中的身势语
摘要“身势语”同语言一样，都是文化的一部分。
在不同文化中，身势语的意义并不完全相同。
各民族有不同的非语言交际方式.例如：不同的民族在谈话时，对双方保持多大距离才合适有不同的看法；谈话双方身体接触的次数多少因文化不同而各异；在目光接触这一方面也有许多规定：看不看对方，什么时候看，看多久，什么人可以看，什么人不可以看；在某些场合下，在中国和讲英语的国家无论微笑还是大笑，通常表示友好﹑赞同﹑满意﹑高兴﹑愉快，但是在某些场合，中国人的笑会引起西方人的反感；打手势时动作稍有不同，就会与原来的意图有所区别，对某种手势理解错了，也会引起意外的反应等等。
因此，要用外语进行有效的交际，在说某种语言时就得了解说话人的手势，动作，举止等所表示的意思。
而有些权威人士认为两者相互依存。
在大多数情况下这是对的。
在某些情况下，人体动作与所说的话不一致，口头说的与身势语表达的意思不一样。
这时要借助其他信息或从整个情况中猜测说话人的意思，从某种意义上说，一切身势语都要放在一定的情景下去理解；忽视了整个情景就会发生误解。
而通过中美身势语对比研究表明，两者有相似的地方，也有差异的地方，说明了解另一种语言中身势语的重要性。
可见，真正掌握两种语言的人在? 挥昧硪恢钟镅运祷笆币惨挥昧硪恢稚硎朴铩Ｕ庋拍艽锏礁玫慕患市
关键词:非语言交际身势语不同文化不同方式
BodyLanguageonNonverbalCommunication
Abstract“Bodylanguage”,likeourverballanguage,isalsoapartofourculture.B utnotallbodylanguageme ansthesamethingindifferentcultures.Differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofmakingnonverbalcommun ication.Forexample:differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabouttheproperdistancebetweenpeopleconver sing;theappropriatenessofphysicalcontactvarieswithd ifferentcultures;onecoulddrawupquitealistof“r ules”abouteyecontact:tolookornottolook;whentolookandhowlongtolook;whoandwhonottolookat;s milesandlaughte
rusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasure,joyandmerriment,and,thisisgenerallytrue inChinaaswellastheEnglish-speakingcountries,however,therearesituationswhensomeChinesewillla ughthatwillcausenegativereactionsbywesterners;gesturescanbeparticularlytroublesome,foraslightdi
fferenceinmakingthegestureitselfcanmeansomethingquitedifferentfromthatintended,and,awrongint erpretationofagesturecanarousequiteunexpectedreactionsandsoon.Soinordertocommunicateeffectiv elyinaforeignlanguage,oneshouldnb
sp;knowalsothegestures,bodymovements,mannerismsandetc.thataccompanyaparticularlanguage.So meauthoritiesfeelthatthetwoaredependentoneachother.Thisiscertainlytrueinmostsituations.Butitisal sotruethatincertainsituationsbodyactioncontradictswhatisbeingsaid,justasthespokenwordsmaymean somethingquitedifferentfromwhatbodylanguagecommunicates.Whenthisoccurs,onemusttrytogetfur therinformation,orguessthemeaningfromthecontextofthesituation.Inasense,allbodylanguageshould beinterpreted ;withinagivencontext;toignoretheoverallsituationcouldbemisleading.Acomparativest udyofChineseandAmericanbodylanguageshowsanumberofsimilaritiesanddiversitiesofbodylanguag e.Itshowstheimportanceofknowingthespecificgesturesthatgowithalanguage.Observationshowsthata trulybilingualpersonswitcheshisbodylanguageatthesametimeheswitcheslanguages.Thismakescom municationeasierandbetter.
Keywords:nonverbalcommunicationbodylanguagedifferentculturedifferentways
Contents
1.Introduction……1
2.Thenecessityandimportanceof learningbodylanguageonnonverbalcommunica tion……2
3.Theconcretetypesandapplicationofthebodylanguage……33.1Typesofbodylanguage……33.1.1Distancebetweenpeopleconversing……33.1.2Physicalcontact……33.1.3Eyecontact……
43.1.4Smilesandlaughter......63.1.5Gestures......63.2Applicationofthebodylanguage......63.2.1G reetings......63.2.2Signsofaffection......83.2.3Physicalcontactinlife......83.3Acomparativestudyo fChineseandAmericanbodylanguage......94.Conclusion (12)。