2016年职称英语考试教材_综合类新增文章
2016年职称英语考试解读
2016年职称英语考试解读
下面网校小编为大家整理的2016年职称英语考试解读，提醒大家在考试当中应该如何拿分、考试时有哪些方面值得注意的。
一、新增文章
2016年的职称英语教材综合类、理工类、卫生类只在补全短文部分有所改变，有五篇文章进行了替换，这五篇文章对于考生来说是非常重要的，具体替换文章如下：
2016年职称英语新版教材变动（综合类）
2016年职称英语新版教材变动（理工类）
2016年职称英语新版教材变动（卫生类）
二、考试题型
A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。
考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。
职称英语试卷主要是六种题型，词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文、完形填空，各部分试题分值分布情况如下图：
三、备考方法
1.准备一本词典，训练查词典的技巧；
2.看教材，并跟着周涵老师的节奏进行备考复习；
3.掌握一定的解题技巧；
4.早准备、早复习，适当做一些模拟试题；
5.提前练习查词典。
2016年职称英语等级考试教材
2016年职称英语等级考试教材_综合类新增文章 (1) 来源：第一考试网发布时间：2016-01-11 14:47:31 点击量：5999Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___ Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2016职称英语理工C级教材短文及译文(整理Word版)
2016年职称英语等级考试教材短文及译文（理工类ABC级）目录第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇El Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform* 第六篇Microchip Research Center Created* 第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England* 第八篇What is dream* 第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude* 第十篇Thy biology of music+ 第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity+ 第十二篇Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake+ 第十三篇The Northern Lights+ 第十四篇Stage Fright+ 第十五篇Image Martian Dust Particles第三部分概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting* 第六篇How We Form First Impression* 第七篇Screen Test* 第八篇The Mir Space Station* 第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed* 第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language+ 第十一篇The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World+ 第十二篇 A Strong Greenhouse Gas+ 第十三篇Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu+ 第十四篇The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen+ 第十五篇Maglev Trains第四部阅读理解第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇Citizen Scientists第四篇Motoring Technology第五篇Late-Night Drinking第六篇Making Light of Sleep第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇An Essential Scientific Process第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十二篇Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇Invisibility Ring第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth*第十七篇A Sunshade for the Planet*第十八篇Thirst for Oil*第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience*第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep*第二十一篇Plant Gas*第二十二篇Real-World Robots*第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze.*第二十四篇Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe*第二十五篇Eat to Live*第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently*第二十七篇Driven to Distraction*第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories*第二十九篇I will Be Bach*第三十篇Digital Realm*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive +第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses+第三十五篇Putting Plants to work+第三十六篇Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning+第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning+第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan+第三十九篇Clone Farm+第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"+第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright+第四十九篇U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第五部分补全短文第一篇Mobile phones第二篇Baby Talk (2016新增)第三篇Common Questions About Dreams (2016新增)第四篇The Bilingual Brain第五篇 A Record-BreakingRover* 第六篇The Apgar Test (2016新增)* 第七篇Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job (2016新增)* 第八篇Watching Microcurrents Flow* 第九篇Lightening Strikes* 第十篇How deafiness Makes It Easier to Hear+ 第十一篇Virtual Driver+ 第十二篇Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills+ 第十三篇Affectionate Androids+ 第十四篇Primer on Smell (2016新增)+ 第十五篇 A Memory Drug?第六部分完型填空第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇Giant Structures第四篇Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind* 第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely* 第七篇An Intelligent Car* 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures* 第九篇Wonder Webs* 第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness+ 第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities+ 第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+ 第十三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light+ 第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+ 第十五篇“Liquefaction”Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage第一篇 Inventor of LEDWhen Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting usingsemiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or 1 LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks toairports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in trafficlights and other everyday technology.On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at aceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors.“Any time you get an award, big or little 2, it’s always a surprise.” Holonyak said.Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school 3, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric 4, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches 5.Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generatelight. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted togenerate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer thanincandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective.Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at theUniversity of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as theyare today, but didn’t realize how many uses they would have.“You don’t know in the beginning. You think you’re doing something important, youthink it’s worth doing, but you really can’t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how. You just don’t know.” he said.The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves,” that can separate molecules by size.第一篇 LED 的发明者当 Nick Holonyak 着手用半导体含金创造一种新的可视照明设备的时候，同事们都认为他不现实。
2016年职称英语电子版教材
2016年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）阅读理解、完形填空Microchip Research Center CreatedA research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars.5 The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners — mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners. 词汇: microchip / 5maIkrEJtFIp / n.微芯片marginalize /`mB:dVInLlaIz/ v.忽视，边缘化flagship /5flA^FIp/ n. (用作定语 )首位，最好 vendor /5vendC:/ n.卖主mainstream /5meInstri:m/ n.主流注释:微芯片研究中心成立为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
2016职称英语A级教材
第11篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity1I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place. 2For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. 3When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home", which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. 4And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade. 5I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness -- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own. 6Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. 7 Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to Work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-danceing to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC!" 8But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world. 9 I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. 10As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives. 11 I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible -- and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world. 12I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime. 比尔·盖茨：发挥你的创造力1 我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。
2016年职称英语理工A全部文章(包括新增)汇编
2016年职称英语理工A全部文章（包括新增）阅读判断：第11篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity（A级）I've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place.For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "a computer on every desk and in every home", which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness -- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to Work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-danceing to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC5 !"But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible -- and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.比尔·盖茨：发挥你的创造力我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。
职称英语等级考试用书理工类(精华版含16年新增)
第四部阅读理解第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive*第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇 Small But Wise+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级第五部分补全短文第一篇 Mobile phones第一篇The World’s Longest Bridge第二篇Reinventing the Table第三篇Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet第四篇The Magic of Sound第五篇Dung to Death第六篇Time in the Animal World第七篇Watching Microcurrents Flow第八篇Heat Is killer 第九篇High Dive第十篇*Virtual Driver第十一篇*Musical Training Can Improve CommunicationSkills第十二篇+Sleeping Giant第十三篇+Robotic Highway Cones第十四篇+The Arctic Ice Is Thawing第六部分完型填空第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇 An Intelligent Car第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures第九篇 Wonder Webs第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort FoodFights Loneliness*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks forUnprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food CouldNeutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, MoreLight+第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of JapaneseEarthquake Damage1、Common Questions about Dreams2、Baby Talk3、The Apgar Test4、Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job5、Primer on Smell第十七篇A Sunshade for the PlanetEven with the best will1in the world, reducing ourcarbon emissions is not going prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strongmeasures to control emissions, the uncertainties in ourclimate models still leave open the possibility ofextreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groupsmakes it quite possible that the actions suggested byclimate scientists might not be implemented soon enough./Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worse2,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves3.For the most part they have strongly resisted discussingthese options for fear of inviting a sense ofcomplacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the rootof the problem. Until now, that is. A growing number ofresearchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale“geoengineering” projects that might be used tocounteract global warming. “I use the analogy ofmethadone4,” says Stephen Schnei der, a climateresearcher at Stanford University in California who wasamong the first to draw attention to global warming.“If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment ishospitalization, and a long rehab. But if theyabsolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin./Basically the idea is to apply “sunscreen” to thewhole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radicalplan to cool Earth: launch trillions of feather-lightdiscs into space, where they would form a vast cloud thatwould block the sun’s rays. It’s controversial, butrecent studies suggest there are ways to deflect justenough of the sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface tocounteract the warming produced by the greenhouseeffect. Global climate models show that blocking just1. 8 p er cent of the incident energy in the sun’s rayswould cancel out the warming effects produced by adoubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thatcould be crucial, because even the most severeemissions-control measures being proposed would leaveus with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of thiscentury, and that would last for at least a century more.练习: 1. According to the first two paragraphs，theauthor thinks that C despite the difficulty, scientistshave some options to prevent global warming.2.Scientists resist talking about their options becausethey don’t want people to C think the problem has beensolved.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroinaddict and methadone? A Methadone is an effective wayto treat a hard heroin addict.4. What is StephenSchneider’s idea of preventing global warming? C Toapply sunscreen to the Earth.5. What is NOT true of theeffectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the lastparagraph? D It decreases greenhouse gases in theatmosphere.第十八篇Thirst for OilWorldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent ofabout 200 million barrels of oil. Most of the energy onEarth comes from the Sun. In fact enough energy from theSun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover ourneeds for an entire year, we just need to find anefficient way to use it. So far the energy in oil hasbeen cheaper and easier to get at. But as suppliesdwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure ouraddiction to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until thesteam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-densecoal became the fuel of choice. Coal is still used,mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of ourenergy needs, but its use has been declining since westarted pumping up oil. Coal is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossilfuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are stillplentiful: its reserves are five times larger thanoil’s.Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below thesurface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, dieseloil and various other chemical substances, providesaround 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuellingautomobiles. The US consumes n quarter of all oil, andgenerates a similar proportion of greenhouse gasemissions.The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, whichhas half of known reserves. But other significantsources include Russia, North America, Norway,Venezuela and the North Sea. Alaska’s Arctic NationalWildlife Refuge1could be a major new US source, to reducereliance on foreign imports. Most experts predict wewill exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years,though opinions and estimates vary. We could fast reachan energy crisis in the next few decades, when demandexceeds supply. As conventional reserves become moredifficult to access, others such as oil shales and tarsands may be used instead. Petrol could also be obtainedfrom coal. Since we started using fossil fuels, we havereleased 400 billion tonnes2of carbon, and burning theentire reserves could eventually raise worldtemperatures by 130 C. Among other horrors, this wouldresult in the destruction of all rainforests and themelting of all Arctic ice.练习: 1. “… we will need tocure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so?D Oil supply is decreasing. 2. Which of the followingstatements is NOT meant by the author, according to thesecond paragraph? C Coal is the most environmentallyunfriendly fuel next to oil. 3. Which country is thebiggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States.4.What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis. 5. What is NOTthe result of consuming fossil fuels according to thelast paragraph? D The sea level will go up.第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances ListenerExperienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’sCenter for Music Technology, recommends songs, dancesto the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listenerfeedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robotis billed as an i nteractive “musical friend”./“Shimiis designed to change the way that people enjoy and thinkabout their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg, therobot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band ofthree Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing insync with music created in the lab and composedaccording to its movements./Shimi is essentially adocking station with a “brain” powered by an Androidphone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing andmusical generation capabilities of the user’s mobiledevice. In other words, if there’s an “app” for that,Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’scamera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow alistener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognitionfeature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user tapsa beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musicallibrary and immediately plays the song that best matchesthe suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances tothe rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by theirprogramming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D.candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots c anbe creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in theworks will allow the user to shake their head indisagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimito skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend newmusic based on the user’s song choices and providefeedback on the music play list./Weinberg hopes otherdevelopers will be inspired to create more apps toexpand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution thatwill see more robots in homes.” Weinbergsaid./Weinberg is in the process of commercializingShimi through an exclusive licensing agreement withGeorgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot availableto consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots aregoing to arrive in homes, we think that they will be thiskind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pavethe way for more intelligent service robots in ourlives.”练习：1.Which of the following is NOT trueaccording to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is thecreator of the musical companion.2.What does Shimi doif the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matchedsong and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of thefollowing about Shimi is true?DShimi can be creative andinteractive.4.What does the author want to tell us?A Theresearch center is developing a stronger and moreversatile Shimi.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’sassertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun ifShimi is going to arrive in homes.第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet,just a small fraction of the underwater world has beenexplored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole 1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible orhuman-operated vehicle (HOV), will replace another onenamed Alvin 2, which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). It’s about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say. /Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors, special arrangements.”Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin . It’ll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin , it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvi has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.练习: 1. What is Alvin? C A submersible. 2. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters. 3. “… a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to D Shape. 5. In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? D Both A and B. 第二十一篇 Plant GasScientists have been studying natural sources of methane for decades hut hadn’t regarded plants as a producer, notes Frank Keppler, a geochemist at the MaxPlanck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heldelberg,Germany 1. Now Keppler and his colleagues find that plants, from grasses to trees, may also be sources of the greenhouse gas. This is really surprising, because most scientists assumed that methane production requires an oxygen-free environment.Previously, researchers had thought that it wasimpossible for plants to make significant amounts of thegas. They had assumed that microbes 2 need to be in environments without oxygen to produce methane. Methane is a greenhouse gas, like carbon dioxide. Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and contribute to global warming. In its experiments, Keppler’s team used sealed chambers that contained the same concentration of oxygen that Earth’s atmosphere has. They measured the amounts of methane that were released by both living plants and dried plant material, such as fallen leaves. /With the dried plants, the researchers tookmeasurement at temperatures ranging from 30 degrees Celsius to 70 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, they found,a gram of dried plant material released up to 3 nanograms of methane per hour. (One nanogram is a billionth of a gram.) With every 10-degree rise in temperature, the amount of methane released each hour roughly doubled. /Living plants growing at their normal temperatures released as much as 370 nanograms of methane per gram of plant tissue per hour. Methane emissions tripled when living and dead plant was exposed to sunlight. Because there was plenty of oxygen available, it’s unlikely that the types of bacteria that normally make methane were involved. Experiments on plants that were grown in water rather than soil also resulted in methane emissions. That’s another strong sign that the gas came from the plants and not soil microbes. /The new finding is an “interesting observation,” says Jennifer Y.King, a biogeochemist at the University of Minnesota inSt. Paul 3. Because some types of soil microbes consume methane, they may prevent plant-produced methane from reaching the atmosphere. Field tests will be needed to assess the plant’s influence, she notes. 练习: 1. What was scientists’ understanding of methane? C It was produced in oxygen-free environments. 2. To testwhether plants are a source of methane, the scientists created B an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has. 3. Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment? D The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions. 4. Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage? D Microbes in plants produce methane. 5. What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane? CLess methane reaches the atmosphere.第二十三篇 Powering a City? It’s a Breeze.1The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up the flat Dutch landscape for centuries — a national symbol like wooden shoes and tulips — yielded long ago to ungainly metal-pole turbines.2 Now, windmills are breaking into a new frontier. Though still in its teething stages, the “urban turbine” is a high -tech windmill designed to generate energy from the rooftopsof busy cities. Lighter, quieter, and often moreefficient than rural counterparts 3, they take advantageof the extreme turbulence 4 and rapid shifts in direction that characterize urban wind patterns. Prototypes havebeen successfully tested in several Dutch cities, andthe city government in the Hague 5 has recently agreed to begin a large-scale deployment in 2003. Current models cost US$ 8,000 to US$12,000 and can generate between 3,000 and 7,000 kilowatt hours of electricity per year. A typical Dutch household uses 3,500 kilowatt hours per year, while in the United States, this figure jumps to around 10,000 kilowatt hours. But so far, they are being designed more for public or commercialbuildings than for private homes. The smallest of the current models weigh roughly 200 kilograms and can be installed on a roof in a few hours without using a crane. Germany, Finland and Denmark have also been experimenting with the technology, but theever-practical Dutch are natural pioneers in urban wind power mainly because of the lack of space. TheNetherlands, with 16 million people crowded into acountry twice the size of Slovenia 6, is the most denselypopulated in Europe. Problems remain, however, forexample, public safety concerns 7, and so strict standards should be applied to any potential manufacturer. Vibrations are the main problem in skyscraper-high turbine. Peop le don’t know what it would be like to work there, in an office next to oneof the big turbines. It might be too hectic. Meanwhile,projects are under way 8 to use minimills 9 to generate power for lifeboats, streetlights, and portable generators. “I think t he thing about wind power is that you can use it in a whole range of situations,” said Corin Millais, of the European Wind Energy Association. “It’s a very local technology, and you can use it right in your backyard, I don’t think anybody wants a nuclear p ower plant in their backyard.”练习： 1. What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph? B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills. 2. Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph? A It is a windmill put on rooftops of buildings for energy generation. B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people. 3. The smallest models of an urban turbine C can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane. D can he installed with a crane. 4. Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. 5. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology? D Both A and C.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires — a Looming Catastrophe1 Coal burning deep underground in China ， India andIndonesia is threatening the environment and human life,scientists have warned.2 These large-scale underground blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and killsurrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases andcan even ignite forest fires, a panel 3 of scientists toldthe annual meeting of the American Association for theAdvancement of Science in Denver 4. The resulting release of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned. “Coal fires are a global catastrophe,” said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East GeorgiaCollege in Swainsboro , USA. But surprisingly few peopleknow about them. Coal can heat up on its own 5, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused todisappear and under the right combinations of sunlightand oxygen, can trigger spontaneous 6 catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coalstockpiles 7, abandoned mines or even as coal istransported. Such fires in China consume 8 up to 9 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In comparison, the U. S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher, whose analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted forpublication in the International journal of CoalEcology . Once underway,10 coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large volumes of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere. /The members of the panel discussed the impact these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to detect. One of the members of the panel, Assistant Professor Paul Van Dijk of the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation in the Netherlands, has been working with the Chinese government to detect and monitor fires in the northern regions of the country. /Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to estimate how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested method of containing 11 the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a beat-resistant grout (athin mortar 12used to fill cracks and crevices) , whichis designed to be pumped into the coal fire to cut off 13 the oxygen supply.练习: 1. According to the first paragraph, one or the warnings given by the scientists is that C poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources. 2. According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear? A Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns. 3. What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coat Ecology? D Coal fires can have an impact on the environment. 4. Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true? B He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands. 5. According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires? D Cutting off the oxygen supply. 第二十五篇 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life, butit’s not much fun — and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to 1 most of that youthful vigor even if we don’t start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse’s liver genes can he made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation won’t reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, butcould help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid oftoxins.2 /Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet fortheir whole lives, and fed another three onhalf-rations 3. Three more mice were switched from thenormal diet to half-feed 3 for a month when they were 34 months old — equivalent to about 70 human years. /The researchers checked the activity of 11, 000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age inthe normally fed mice. The changes were associated withthings like inflammation and free radical production 4 — probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted nil their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent ofthese gene changes. /“This is the first indication thatthese effects kick in 5 pretty quickly.” say Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “There’s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work ,” he says. /If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug iseffective. /But Spindler isn’t sure the trade -off isworth it 6. “The mice get less disease, they live lo nger, but they’re hungry,” he says, “Even seeing what a diet does , it’s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ‘I can only cat half of that’.” Spindler hopes we soon won’t need to diet at all. His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of caloric restriction.练习: 1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? D We have to begin dieting since childhood. 2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. 3. What can he inferred about completely normally fed micementioned in the passage? D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4. According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? A The mice that started dieting in old age. 5. According 10 the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that C dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause AccidentsDifferentlyMale pilots flying general aviation 1 (private) aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision-making, while female pilots are more likely to crash from mishandling the aircraft. These are results of a study fly researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.The study identifies difference between male and femalepilot in terms of circumstances or the crash and the typeor pilots error involved 2. “Crashes of general aviationaircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths 3in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots,as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that 4 of crashes of female pilots.” explains Susan P. B aker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “Because pilotyouth and inexperience are established 5 contributors toaviation crashes 6, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.” The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot aging and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, state or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender.The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 percent of female pilots’ crashes and 36 percent of males’. Experiencing mechanicalfailure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane withthe landing gear up 7 were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. /The majority of the crashes — 95 percent for females and 88 percent for males — involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females (accounting for 81 percent of the crashes)than males (accounting for 48 percent ). Males, however,appeared more likely to be guilty of 8 poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness,examples of whichinclude misjudging weather and visibility 9 or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft,were generally more careful than their malecounterparts 10. 练习 : 1. What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about ？ B Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes. 2. Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph? C It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.3. How did the researchers carry out their study? A They studied the findings of several previous research projects. 4. What is the most common circumstance of crash with femalepilots? B Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling. 5. In the comparison of female and male pilots. D male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.第二十七篇 Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides into the driver’s seat, starts up thecar and heads 1 to town. The empty stretch of interstategives way to urban congestion 2, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isn’t real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isn’t really driving. Coyne is demonstratinga computerized driving simulator that is helpingresearchers at Old Dominion University 3 (ODU) examinehow in-vehicle guidance systems affect the personbehind the wheel.4 /The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, aretoo distracting — or whether any distractions areoffset 5 by the benefits drivers get from having helpfinding their way in unfamiliar locations.6 /“We are looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor lending the research, which involvesmeasuring drivers reaction time and brain activity asthey respond to auditory and visual cues 7.The researchers just completed a study of the mentalworkload 8 involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs, light traffic.Preliminary results show that as p eople “get into more challenging driving situations, they don’t have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment.” Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers’ mental workload. /“Is it best if they seea picture… that shows their position, a map kind of display?9”Baldwin said. “Is it best if they hear it?” /Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. “They’re very unforgiving,” Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.” /That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions. Baldwin said. Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choosethe style of directions they want, or modify systems topresent some information in a way that makes sense 10 for people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men don’t like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.练习: 1. Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? C Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. 2. What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? D All of the above. 3. What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? C In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else. 4. The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers D want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system. 5. What kind of directions do menand women prefer? B Men prefer more general directionand women prefer route directions.第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1To sleep. Perchance to file?2 Findings published online this week by the Proceedings 3 of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brainorganizes and stows memories formed during the day whilethe rest of the body is catching zzz’s 4. /Gyorgy Buzsakiof Rutgers University 5 and his colleagues analyzed thebrain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically,they examined the electrical activity emanating from 6the somatosensory neocortex 7 (an area that processessensory information) and the hippocampus 8, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followedtens of milliseconds 9 later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published onlinethis week by the Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, links age-associated memory decline 10 to high glucose levels. /Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend toincrease with age, affect memory in healthy people aswell. The scientists administered 11 recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body’s tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects betterable to absorb blood sugar. /“Our study suggests thatthis impairment 12 may contribute to the memory deficits 13 that occur as people age.” Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucosetolerance could reverse some age-associated problems incognition.14” Exercise and weight control can help keepglucose levels in check 15, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.练习： 1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?”? A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? 2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. 3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory. 5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? D To control glucose levels. 第二十九篇 Food FrightExperiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified (GM) foods, including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans. Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato. A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again. GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might helppeople at risk of developing kwashiorkor.1Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein, is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages. /Commenting on GM foods, Jonathon Jones, aBritish researcher, said. “The future benefits will beenormous, and the best is yet to come.2” /To some people, GM foods are no different from unmodified foods. “A tomato is a tomato,” said Brian Sansoni, an American food manufacturer.Critics of GM foods challenge Sansonis opinion. They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people, other animals, and plants. /In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University, scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn, which makes up one-fourth of the U. S. corn crop. The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed, a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch butterfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves, almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died. “Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,” said Cornell researcher Linda Ray nor. “This is a warning bell.”/Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might findthemselves made stronger 3. How so? The insecticides usedto protect most of today’s crops are spra yed on thecrops when needed 4 and decay quickly in the environment. But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide. Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics. Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt. At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada, GM crops that have been made resistantto the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating “super weeds”5 that could take over whole fields. So where do you stand? Should GM foods be banned in the United States, as they are in parts of Europe? Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry?练习: 1. Paragraphs 1、2 &. 3 try to give the idea that A GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans. 2. Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed milkweed cited in Paragraph 6? C It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side. 3. What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide? B They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. 4. Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the passage? D The United States has not banned GM foods. 5. What is the writer’s attitude to GM foods? A We cannot tell from the passage. 第三十篇 Digital RealmIn the digital realm, the next big advance will be voicerecognition 1. The rudiments 2 are already here but in primitive form. Ask a computer to “recognize speech,”and it is likely to think you want it to “wreck a nicebeach.”3But in a decade or so we’ll be able to chat away 4 andmachines will soak it all in 5. Microchips will be truly embedded in our lives when we can talk to them. Not onlyto our computers, we’ll also be able to chat with ourautomobile navigation systems, telephone consoles 6,browsers, thermostats. VCRs, microwaves and any otherdevices we want to boss around 7.That will open the way to the next phase of the digitalage : artificial intelligence 8. By our providing so many thoughts and preferences to our machines each day, they’ll accumulate enough information about how wethink so that they’ll be able to mimic our minds andact as our agents. Scary, huh 9? But potentially quite useful. At least until they decide they don’t need us。
2016年职称英语等级考试教材综合类CWORD版
阅读判断第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt,1.Belt has never traveled to England. B. Wrong2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica. A. Right3. Belt has worked for a number of magazines. C. Not mentioned4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan. A. Right5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers. B. Wrong6. People can connect with each other in bad weather. A. Right7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career. A. Right阅读判断第二篇"Own" Your Children's Education"Helping them isn't about showing your kids how to do the work．1．According to the passage，parents should help their，children with their homework．C．Not mentioned．2．You should read your child's textbooks so that、you can teach them．B. Wrong 3．Children should always take a book with them 0111 the way back from school and read it aloud．C．Not mentioned．4．If parents show a lot of interest in their children's study, the children will do better at schoo1．A．Right5．It is very important that you let your children know you feel love and concern them. A．Right6．Parents must observe classes regally．C．Not mentioned．7．Governmental support also plays a role in achieving academic success. C．Not mentioned．阅读判断第三篇Across the DesertsThe Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa from1. It’s not always hot m the Sahara Desert. A. Right2. Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours. B. Wrong3. In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running. A. Right4. They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot. C. mentioned C. mentioned C. Mentioned A. Right5. Sometimes they couldn't see the road because it was windy. A. Right6. Luckily, they never got lost. B. Wrong7. On their trip across the desert: the three men ran through five countries. B. Wrong阅读判断第四篇SmokingSince 1939,1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B. Wrong2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy. A. Right3. Smoking may induce lung cancer. A. Right4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. C. Not mentioned5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.B. Wrong6. Nicotine is poisonous. A. Right7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe；B. Wrong 概括大意与完成句子第一篇The Making of a Success Story1.Paragraph 2 ____.C.The origin of IKEA2.Paragraph 3 ____.D.Specialization in selling furniture3.Paragraph 4 ____.B.Success brought by the introduction of showrooms4.Paragraph 5 ____.E.Flat packaging – a feature of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____.A.IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.6. __E.here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.__, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because ____.E.here they can see and try the furniture they are going to buy.8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, ____.B.it is highly welcomed by both概括大意与完成句子第二篇 The Paper Chase1. Paragraph 2 ______A. Find a Place to Work on2. Paragraph 3 __________E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things3. Paragraph 4 __________F. Dealing With Bills4. Paragraph 5 __________C. What Is a Good Filing System5. Stephanie Denton is expert __________B. in paper chase6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition _____C. that it is easily reached7. Coupons should be thrown away because ________A. they are useless8. "Mentally flexible" indicates the fact ____________D. that different people have different requirements概括大意与完成句子第三篇English and English Community1.Paragraph 2 ______F. The Definition of a Speech Community2.Paragraph 3 ______D. The Composition of the English Community3.Paragraph 4 ______A. The Wide Use of English4.Paragraph 5 ______C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language5.Only through the shared language_____B. can a speech community be formed6. The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_____A. that of a speech community7. Speakers are classified into two groups____D. for the sake of simplicity8. An understanding of English____E. has played an important role in the field of education概括大意与完成句子第四篇：Alaska1. Paragraph 3______F）Land and population2. Paragraph 4______ D）The natives of the land3. Paragraph 5_______C）Transportation problem4. Paragraph 6_______A）Rich resources of the state5.For as long as three months of a year，the sun ___D. shines day andnight_____ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.6. According to statistics，____E. only a very small percentage_____ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought ___C. by the United States in the 19th century____.8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth____ A. as fish does______概括大意与完成句子第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1. Paragraph 2____B US Signing of the FCTC__2. Paragraph 3____D How the FCTC Came into Bejing3. Paragraph 4____A. What the FCTC Demands_4. Paragraph 5____E What the FCTC Will Bring about5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__B approving it________.6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, ____D restrict smoking in public places______.7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths_______E caused by tobacco usd8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that______A have ratified it____.阅读理解第一篇 Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction,1. This passage is mostly about ___A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote_____ B. an autobiography3. Autobiography .... because they_____C. want to present themselves in a good light___.4. The writer .... in the passage by___A. defining it5. Diverse means____C. varied or different阅读理解第二篇outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big DifferencePutting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,0001. An extracurricular ..... most student leaders.D) will not take an interest in it.2. American students join campus organizations mostly for . C) building friendship.3. Who is Katie Rowley? B) She’s a senior student.4. What do student .......an activity through to a successful end? A) passion.5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by.C) polish. 阅读理解第三篇Shark Attack!Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard,1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark______C) swam away___.2. It is difficult for the.... why great whites_____A) often let humans escape____.3. Which of the f.....make up in line 2 of paragraph 4? B) are.4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means____B) great whites'_____.5. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.阅读理解第四篇Feast On Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets．1. On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as A)ghosts 2．When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? C)On Thanksgiving．3．Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for B)providing them with comfortable and happy lives?4．Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because A)they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food?5．The first pilgrims settled in the United States in A)1621．阅读理解第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta“I left Tangier,1. What is the passage mainly about?B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta.2. Which of ....in meaning to set off for in line 5?A) left to go to.3. The Sultan of .... of judge because _ C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.4. Which of the ..... of this passage most likely agree with？D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5. Why did ... his home? D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.阅读理解第六篇Native American PotteryThere are several American Indian groups in the Southwest that still make beautiful pottery.1.In the first .... means_____B.having to do with advertising products on TV2.The second ...... mainly through____A.steps in a process_____.3.The Sail Ildefonso pueblo is known for____A.black pottery4.Traditional methods of making pottery____B.take a lot of time5.Another ......passage would be_____D.An Old Art Still Practiced____.阅读理解第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers1. The writer .... the reason that——D) they wish to escape from the cold,dark and rainy days back at home2. In paragraph ....and Amsterdam are mentioned——A) to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate3. According to the passage,which of the following countries attracts more tourists than theothers? B) Spain.4. The latter .......means____B) every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country．5. According to the passage....... and beaches? D) Rainy weather. 阅读理解第八篇The Changing Middle ClassThe United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. The information ...deals with______B) a social and economic group_.2. A common .... is that_______ D) the family is very important.3. ln the years... defined as_____C) prosperous and optimistic__.4. The phrase ...is___ C) a restatement of the previous idea__.5. The word collectively means___A) as a group___.阅读理解第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best1.With which ....agree? C Two-parent families produce less attractive children.2.According to ..... of the offspring? A The young males get less care.3.What is .....paragraph 5? B Experiment and result.4.According to ....... sexual conflict? D The offspring's body size.5.According to ........is influenced by C ecological factors.阅读理解第十篇A Letter from Alan1.Why has Alan written this letter? D) To inform other people about the builders' plans.2. Why is ... opinion? C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3. What will cause traffic jams? A) A building on Parson's Place.4. Alan says .... probably soon ___D) have less money__.5. Which of .... made? B) say no to houses on parson' s place阅读理解第十一篇The Development of Ballet1. This passage deals mainly with ___C) the way ballet developed__.2. An important influence in early ballet was__D) Louis XIV___.3. You can .... ballet__B) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it___.4. The information in ...is presented___D) in chronological order__.5. The word pageants means___D) elaborate shows__.阅读理解第十二篇Smuggling1. The dog was different from others in that D) it had a very big abdomen2. How many .....o transport drugs? A) As many as a smuggler can think of.3. How many ..... United States in 1994? C) 25,7704. Which of the ...... third paragraph? C) Small smugglers5. What is this article about? C) Varied drug transportation methods阅读理解第十三篇The Barbie Dolls1. When Ruth ...... a strong desire D. to be highly successful.2. Who owned Mattel? D. Harold Mattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler.3. It can be ....... fashioned after A. Build.4. Where did ........ come from? B. Lilly.5. Which of the .....Barbie doll? A. She does not attract young men.阅读理解第十四篇Sleep1. The question.....academic one" D because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2.According to ....work is that B your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.3.According to ... .to be C to employ people who will always work at night.4.In the second paragraph, “the third" means A the third week.5.In the last ...... means A another routine.阅读理解第十五篇Orbital Space Plane1. The orbital.....for B. carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2. From the ......r indicates A. NASA’s determination to continue its space exploration projects.3. When did the ... to the shuttle? C. Years before the explosion of Columbia.4. Besides the..... used as D. a space ambulance.5. According to ... would B. be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative.阅读理解第十六篇The Sahara1. This passage is mostly about ___A) life in the Sahara____.2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is___A) less than five inches per year____.3. The Sahara can be described as_____A) a place of contrasts__.4. The phrase........of the size of___C) the Sahara____.5. In this passage caravan means ____B) group traveling together through difficult country___.补全短文第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth,ofpeople.后(1)We even use their bones for fertilizer.Evaporates.后(2)Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. jewelry.后(3)Natural sponges become cleaning aids.oceanwater.后(4)Some of its contents may cause illness.Garbage.后(5)We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.补全短文第二篇Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?goes on后1. The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.Awake.后 2. Sometimes, though, .....day or on another day.Lives后 3. People who are ...... in their dreams.issue. 后 4.However, people .....and useful.Elephant后5. To learn to ...... you of.补全短文第三篇Baby Talk Babies normally start to talk when they are 13开头When后（1）Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited. children. 后（2）They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old. months old.后（3）These babies started using signs about two months later. Babies后（4）However, research does not show this.teach ASL.后（5）It can be useful because many people understand it.补全短文第四篇The First Four Minutesfriendships：“后1、Every time you。
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2016年职称英语等级考试教材_综合类新增文章(1)Common Questions about DreamsDoes everyone dream?Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.Do people remember their dreams?A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.Are dreams in color?Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___Do dreams have meaning?Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve p roblems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.How can I learn to understand my dreams?The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.词汇：vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid)motive /məutiv/ n. 动机stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的注释：1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2. bring it back：回忆起它来。
bring back：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。
3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。
“debate”作动词“争论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与“about/ on/upon” 搭配。
练习：A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.D Our most p owerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.学派网王霞2016职称英语考前押题下载地址/RymM9LG，100%压中原题！或加入学派王霞2016职称英语群512575130下载！答案与题解：1. B 文中第一部分主要介绍快速眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时间的情况。
2. F 题目所在的前一句提到大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有事情，而后一句中又提到人们对梦的记忆好像没有完全丢失，由此可以推断出中间这一句应该说的是人有时会记起自己的梦。
3. C 文中第三部分提到梦是彩色的，前面主要讲的是人们可能意识不到这个问题以及意识不到的原因，由此可以推断后面应该会提到那些可以意识到这个问题的人。
因此，答案为C。
4. A 文中第四部分讲的是梦的意义，纵观六个选项与部分主题相关的只有选项A，而且后面主要提到人们会利用梦做些什么，这也就意味着人们会思考他们的梦而且相信梦是有意义的。
5. E 由第五部分的标题就可以锁定选项E，而且后一句讲的是要寻找梦与现实的联系，正好与选项E的意思相吻合。
参考译文：关于梦的常见问题每个人都会做梦吗？是的。
研究表明我们都会做梦。
在一种叫作快速眼动（REM）的睡眠期里，我们会有最清晰生动的梦。
在这种睡眠期里，大脑非常活跃，眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。
快速眼动睡眠期每隔90~100分钟会出现一次，一晚会出现3~4次，而且随着入夜渐深，每次持续的时间也会变长。
最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。
我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。
人们会记得他们的梦吗？一些人会记得他们的梦。
然而，大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事——梦、思想以及他们醒着时的短暂时光。
但是，有时人们会在当天晚些时候或改天突然想起他们的梦。
他们对梦的记忆好像并没有完全消失，但出于某种原因却很难回忆起来。
如果你想记住自己的梦，最好的办法是一醒来就把它写下来。
梦是彩色的吗？大多数梦是彩色的。
然而，人们可能不会意识到这一点。
这是基于两方面的原因：人们通常不会记住梦的细节，或者因为颜色是我们生活中的自然组成部分，所以不会注意到。
那些在醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。
梦有意义吗？科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。
然而，那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、有用的。
有些人借助梦更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行为、动机和价值观。
其他人发现梦可以帮助自己解决问题。
艺术家、作家和科学家也确实经常从梦中获得创作的灵感。
我如何学会理解自己的梦？要记得最重要的一点就是梦是个人的。
梦里的人、行为以及情景都能反映你的经历、思想以及情感。
有些梦境专家认为某些类型的梦是很多人都有的，即使他们来自不同的文化或时期。
然而，通常对于不同的人，同一个梦会有不同的意义。
比如，做梦梦到大象对于一个动物园管理员来说意味着一回事，而对于一个最喜欢大象毛绒玩具的小孩来说就意味着截然不同的事。