外研版高二英语上册：主语从句讲义

No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.

For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more import ant is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

1.matter n. 事件; （讨论、考虑等的）问题; 重要性; 物质;

vi.要紧，重要; 化脓; 有重大影响; 有重要性;

2. combine v.使结合; 使化合; 兼有;

例：If you combine two or more things or if they combine, they exist together.

3. solid adj. 固体的

4. globe n. 球体

5.violent adj. 暴力引起的;剧烈的，（风，爆炸等）猛烈的，狂暴的;感情强烈的

6. explode vi. 爆[突]发，发怒;激增，迅速扩大

vt. （使）爆炸;突然（发出巨响，活跃起来，迸发感情）

例：And one day the powder keg may explode.

7. nitrogen n. 氮，氮气

8. fundamental adj. 基础的，基本的，根本的，重要的，原始的，主要的，

1. throw matter in all directions 把所有的物质丢向四面八方

2. several billion years 几十亿年扩展：five billion years 五十亿年billions of years 几十亿年

类似用法还有：hundred, thousand, million

3. the dust settled into a solid globe （稳定）形成一个固体的球体

4. in time 及时扩展：on time 准时at time 偶尔at times 有时，间或

5. allow the earth to dissolve 允许地球溶解

扩展：allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

allow doing sth允许做某事

6. make it possible for life to develop 使生命发展成为可能

1. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 更重要的是随着地球的冷却下来，水也开始出现在地球的表面上了。

这是一个主语从句，What is even more important是主语，是由what引导的一句话，以下是主语从句的具体考点和用法。

1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

2．构成：关联词+简单句

3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

○1.从属连词that

例：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。

○2. 从属连词whether

例：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.

○3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词where, when, how, why

例：What she did is not yet known. 她所做的事情还是未知。

How this happened is not clear to anyone. 任何人都不清楚这件事是如何发生的。

Whoever comes is welcome. 谁来都欢迎。

Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你在哪我的家就在哪----我唯一的家。

其他用法：从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

○1. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句

例：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 很确定的是她会在考试中取得好成绩。

It is probable that he told her everything. 可能他已经告诉了她一切。

○2. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。

例：It's a pity that we can’t go. 真遗憾我们不能去。

It's no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们队赢得了比赛一点也不意外，

○3. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句

例：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。

It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报

道中国发射了另一个人造卫星进入轨道。

○4. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句

例：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. 似乎Alice压根儿就不会来这个派对。

It happened that I was out that day. 它是在我不在家那天发生的。

○5.It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句

例：It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她来不来无所谓。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿举行会议都一样。

○6. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置

例：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家会给我们做演讲是真的吗？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天来不来真的有那么重要吗？

○7. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。例：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静可真奇怪啊！注意：连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义

例：Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。

Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。

Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖。

1. ---What has made John look like lacking sleep?

---________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.

A. For

B. Because

C. That

D. What

2. It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. where

3. The report shows that the accident is attributable to ________ is in charge of the project.

A. whoever

B. what

C. whatever

D. who

4. The reason for his absence yesterday was ________ he did have something to do.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. because

5. ________ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times.

A. As

B. It

C. What

D. That

A. That

B. What

C. who

D. which

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. whichever

D. wherever

practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

9. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

A. When

B. How

C. What

D. That

10. The man is seriously ill. He thinks it doesn’t matter he will die, but what matters much is how he lives.

A. how

B. that

C. why

D. what

11. drew his attention, he told me, was what she was inside, not her appearance.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Who

jewels.

A. It is required

B. What is required

C. What requires

D. It required

13. It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. if

14. I t’s obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. whether

15. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.

A. Whether

B. What

C. That

D. How

16. It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. whether

17. makes mistakes must correct them.

A . What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever

18. When and why he came here yet.

A. is not known

B. are not known

C. has not known

D. have not known

19. is no reason for dismissing her.

A. Because she was a few minutes late

B. Owing to a few minutes late

C. The fact that she was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late

20. It Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that

B. is thought what

C. thought that

D. is thought that

1. ---What has made John look like lacking sleep?

---________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.

A. For

B. Because

C. That

D. What

【答案】C

【解析】句意：什么使他看起来缺少睡眠？她要准备接下来的考试，昨天晚上熬夜了。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，答语是回答上面句子中的主语“What”的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少引导词，而引导词在从句中不充当成分，

故用“That”。

2. It hasn't been made clear ________ the new underground line is to be open to traffic.

A. when

B. that

C. what

D. where

【答案】A

【解析】句意：新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。考查名词性从句。句中it是形式主语，空处引导的是主语从句。根据句意可知选when。

3. The report shows that the accident is attributable to ________ is in charge of the project.

A. whoever

B. what

C. whatever

D. who

【答案】A

【解析】句意：报告显示，这次事故归咎于负责这个工程的人。考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故选A。

4. The reason for his absence yesterday was ________ he did have something to do.

A. what

B. that

C. why

D. because

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他昨天缺席的原因是他确实有事情要做。考查名词性从句。The reason for ...is that ...意为“……的原因是……”。

5. is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times.

A. As

B. It

C. What

D. That

【答案】C

【解析】句意：钓鱼岛自古就属于中国，这是众所周知的。考查名词性从句。What引导的是主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。

A. That

B. What

C. who

D. which

【答案】B

【解析】句意：让这本书非比寻常的是作者具有创造性的想象力。根据句子结构得知is之前的是主语部分，主语部分为从句，从句中需要主语。that在句中既不作成分又无意义。根据句意，选what表示"...的东西或事情"。

A. Whoever

B. Whatever

C. whichever

D. wherever

【答案】C

【解析】句意：无论你们当中哪一个人弄坏窗户都得为之赔偿。根据句子结构，主语will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意判断应选whichever“无论哪一个”引导主语从句并在从句中作定语修饰one。

practice.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whether

【答案】D

【解析】句意：新形成的委员会政策是否能被付诸实践还有待观察。题中It为形式主语，真正的主语是空后面的主语从句，，由于从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，可排除连接带词which和what.“有待观察”的事情是不确定的事情而不是表示陈述，所以排除that而用whether表示“是否”。

9. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

A. When

B. How

C. What

D. That

【答案】C

【解析】句意：你在会上所说的话为公司描绘了一个美好的未来。when和how 是副词，在引导主语从句时只能在句中作状语，what引导主语从句时在句中作主语、宾语等；that引导主语从句时只起连接词的作用，在从句中补充当任何成分。由于said后缺宾语因此选what。

10. The man is seriously ill. He thinks it doesn’t matter he will die, but what matters much is how he lives.

A. how

B. that

C. why

D. what

【答案】A

【解析】句意：那个人病得很重。他认为他怎么死不重要，重要的是他怎么活着。该题中it为形式主语，he will die为主语从句，根据句意应选how引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语。

11. drew his attention, he told me, was what she was inside, not her appearance.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Who

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他告诉我，吸引他注意的是她的内在而不是她的外表。从句子结构可知，he told me为插入语，第一个was之前为主语从句，之后为表语从句。在主语从句中，需要引导词作主语措意应选what表示“吸引他注意力的事情是”。

jewels.

A. It is required

B. What is required

C. What requires

D. It required

【答案】A

【解析】句意：学校的规则要求学生不应该留长发或带珠宝。根据句子结构that 引导的从句是全句的主语，且与require是被动关系，所以用it is required。13. It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. if

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我从未想到你能成功说服他改变主意。根据句子结构，that引导的句子是真正的主语，that在句中既不充当成分也不含有意义，只起引导主语从句的作用。根据句意选that。

14. I t’s obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. whether

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于学生来说很明显他们要为他们的将来做好准备。it是形式主语，代替they should get well prepared for their future，这句是真正的主语。且引导词在主语从句中没有作任何成分，且没有任何实际意义，故用that。

15. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.

A. Whether

B. What

C. That

D. How

【答案】B

【解析】句意：被一些人当作是缺点的东西却被许多其他的人看作优点。what some people regard as a drawback 在这里是主语，what指…的事情。因此选what 引导主语从句。

16. It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. whether

【答案】A

【解析】句意：尽管已经有大约2000个病人服用过这种药品，但是这个药品将会带来的负作用还不明确。

It在这里是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的这句话，that在句中既不作成分也没有意义，只起引导作用。根据句意选that。

17. makes mistakes must correct them.

A . What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever

【答案】C

【解析】句意：无论谁犯了错误都必须改正。Whoever放句首表示“无论谁”，同义词是no matter who，根据句意选Whoever 最合适。

18. When and why he came here yet.

A. is not known

B. are not known

C. has not known

D. have not known

【答案】A

【解析】句意：他何时和为什么来这儿还不知道。句子的主语是When and why he came here，是一件事，所以是单数。When and why he came here和know之间是被动关系，因此选A被动语态。

19. is no reason for dismissing her.

A. Because she was a few minutes late

B. Owing to a few minutes late

C. The fact that she was a few minutes late

D. Being a few minutes late 【答案】C

【解析】句意：她迟到了几分钟这件事不足以成为开除她的理由。分析句子得知句子缺少主语，选择能充当主语的名词性从句。只有C是完整的句子且是主语从句，因此选C。

20. It Bob drives badly.

A. thinks that

B. is thought what

C. thought that

D. is thought that

【答案】D

【解析】句意Bob被认为开车技术糟糕。It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的这句话。that在句中不充当成份，不具有意义，只起引导从句的作用，且这句话是被动语态。因此选that。