雅思作文写作Task第三课时—地图、流程图
I E L T S图表作文讲解：地图、流程图学生面授老师时间本次课时IELTS写作第三课时教学思路1. 作文简介、写作技巧2. 实例讲解3. 分析总结4. 课后作业教学目标1. 地图、流程图理论分析分析2. 掌握两类图表作文的基本特征和写作方法3. 学习写作思路讲解重点地图、流程图写作方法范文学习常用句式总结备考资料剑桥基础资料教学详细内容：一、分析雅思图表作文—地图、流程图理论1. 地图题特点➢地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。
地理变迁题描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。
➢时态：图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。
如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。
➢细节变化：地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节➢语态：地图题用被动语态2．流程图（flow chart）特点其一，流程图的题目基本不会重复，因此复习已经考过的题目不会太大效果，第二，流程图的词汇随着图表的对象而变化，很少出现重复的词汇。
流程图考察的次数不多，每年大概3-5次，集中出现在年初和年末的三个月。
一般来说，流程图和普通图表的区别主要在于：➢流程图基本上不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位➢流程图以描述为主，比较的机会比图表题少➢流程图中出现的信息都需要描述，而普通图表则不需要描述每一个数据➢流程图的时态比较单一，主要是用一般现在时➢流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段3. 流程图备考注意事项：1）注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法（sequence expression）➢表示首阶段的一些说法a)The process starts fromb)At the first/initial stage,c)At the beginning of the cycle,d)During the initial phase,e)The beginning of the whole cycle is marked byf)(名词 or 动名词)is the first step in (+ 名词 or 动名词)➢表示次段的一些说法：a)The second stage isb)The next step in the process is➢表示最后阶段的一些说法a)(名词 or 动名词) is the last step in the procedure.b)The final phase of the procedure is aboutc)In the final phase,d)Entering the final phase,e)(名词 or 动名词) is the final stage.2）要注意各个阶段的比较，充实文章内容，避免平铺直叙3）注意流程图的读图顺序：找出流程图的始末点，并划分中间的步骤或阶段；掌握表示“顺序”的连接词(Sequencing Words)，用来说明过程的各个步骤和先后顺序。
4. 地图、流程图常用词汇、句型第一部分：导游图类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是在一个平面图中进行箭头引导，并要求考生对路线与沿途设施做出说明。
➢总介绍A stretch out/ extend/ radiate fromB to C：A从B延展置CA be circled by B：A被B环绕A cover an area of B：A占地面积为BA be divided intoB byC =C divide A into B A被C分成了B（部分）➢位置介绍A be in the middle/ center of B：A在B中心A be in the vicinity/ proximity/ vicinage of B：A在B邻近A be within walking distance from B：A离B数步之遥➢路径与沿途设施介绍The route/ path/ lane marked with arrow leads A to B：由箭头引导的路线将A引导至BGoing around the first sharp corner, you will find A on your left/ right.在第一个急转弯处，你会在左侧/ 右侧发现A。
Next to it is B where__________________________接下来是B（它处于怎样的位置或有怎样功能）C appears betweenD and E, as you go further down the route.你沿着路线走下去，（会发现）C出现在D和E之间。
Finally, you are going to return to the original point after..... 最后，在…之后，你会回到原点。
第二部分：变化图类别解释：该类作文的考核方式是介绍统一建筑或位置在若干年中的布局、结构变化情况。
➢总介绍As shown by the maps, A vary obviously over B如图所示，A在B（时间跨度）间发生了明显变化Separated into......sections, A have B built in it originally. 划分为…部分，A中原建有BA take up a total area of B, with C making up..., D...., and E..... A的总占地面积为B，其中C、D、E分占…（面积）➢变化介绍The area of A remains unchangeable. A的面积没有发生明显变化。
A be removed fromB toC after the reconstruction. 重建后，A被从B处移到了C。
The positions of A and B are exchanged. A和B的位置出现了对调。
An extra floor is added up to the Tower A. A上又加盖了一层。
第三部分：区位图类别解释：该类作文要求考生交代某一地图中各个地点之间的位置关系（在某些情况下，要求考生在若干地点中选择某一个作为特定设施的选点）。
➢区位关系A be to the north ofB by C（相隔）A be at the north of B（相切）A be in the north of B（包含）A andB share C（共有）➢人口概念The total population of the area is A 该地的总人口数量为AA residents populate the area. A（数量的）居民住在该地区➢交通概念A radiate in all directions. A（常为交通网络）四通八达。
A be accessible from all directions. 从各个方向都能到达A。
二、实例分析地图：The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket S is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.分析思路：1．本图显示了G市的超市选址情况；2. S1情况分析：地理位置是在郊区，因此方便建停车场；离H市近，有很大的潜在顾客；紧邻公路主干道和铁路，交通便捷；3. S2位置分析：地处G市中心地区，周围有大量当地居民；交通不便；离 C和B市较近。
范文分析：The map ①shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.首段对文章主题进行概述，并对内容进行改写The first②potential location(S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just③off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying ④12 kms to the north-west. This site is ⑤in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it ⑥accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also ⑦close to the railway line linking the two Cransdon(25km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.②：介绍第一个地点的具体情况③④⑤：具体的地理位置信息，多样的位置表述⑥⑦：深层的分析，S1址的潜在优势① In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right②in the town center, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could ③be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns,including Bransdon, but as the central area is a ④no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.①：对比引出另一个点②③：描述具体地理位置信息④：优缺点的介绍，巧妙结合图例Overall, ①neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town ②site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.①：总结S1 S2的总体情况②：给出一个更好的建议流程图：The?diagram?below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where?relevant.Brick manufacturing*Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.分析思路：1. 本图的顺序很好确定，根据箭头一路走下来即可2. 明确图中的主要信息，最为重要的一步就是温度冷却的环节3. 恰当设置先后的衔接词4. 注意文章题目，为industry做bricks,所以在delivery这一步要注意【满分范文】The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can ①be outlined in seven consecutive steps.①概括本流程图的几个步骤②first直接引出第一步in the first stage，与接下来的段落紧密结合First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.①Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to ②breakup the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which ③fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further ④segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are ⑤added to make a homogenous mixture, which is ⑥then either formed in moulds ⑦or cut into brick-shaped pieces by means of a wire cutter.①：用then衔接流程顺序②③④⑤：一系列的动词不仅表达出流程的先后顺序，而且能巧妙地连接⑥⑦：顺序连接Those fresh bricks are①then kept in a drying oven for at least 24 and a maximum of 48 hours, several dozens if not hundreds of bricks at a time. The dried bricks are ②then transferred to aso-called kiln, another type of high temperature oven. First they are kept at a moderate temperature of 200℃-1300℃. This process③is followed by cooling down the finished bricks for 48 to72 hours in a cooling chamber.①②：then连接③：连接词的多样变化，is followed by, following，①Once the bricks have cooled down and have become hard, they ②get packaged and ③delivered to their final destination, be it a building site or storage.①： once···then, after,right after，soon after②③：将最后两步直接联系起来三、课后练习。
雅思写作流程图Flow chart课件
Flow chart = process diagram一、流程图的特点1. 描绘某一事物的发展或运作过程2. 遵循某种顺序3. 图中会标出原材料的名称和步骤的细节4. 一般会出现一些专业生词5. 流程最终要达成某种目的或结果二、流程图的写作步骤1. 读题目，确定描述什么？目的或结果？2. 找信息，定步骤所有的信息点，包括图中所有有文字的地方，或所有表示动作或变化的图示（所有的时间、大小、距离等数字信息）1.定框架，写文章第一段：介绍流程图是做什么的。
第二段：详细介绍原料与准备、每一步的变化、过程及结果。
第三段：简单总结2.读文章，做检查单词拼写、语法、替换重复的词汇等。
三．流程图常用的表达1. The flow chart illustrates the recycling process of _____.2. The process of ____ involves the following steps.3. The whole procedure of ___ can be categorised into ____ stages.4. The row materials for ____ include ___, ___ and ____.5. The first step is to ______.6. ____ with ____ is prepared to _____.7. ____ is used as ____ of ____.8. _____ is mixed with ____ to produce _____.9. _____ can change into ____, when ____.10. The process of ____ is really a simple(complicated) process.The pictures below show the recycling process of wasted glass bottles.As is displayed in the flow chart, the recycling process of glass is really a complex one.The overall process can be categorised=classified=divided into three stages.First, glass products in various forms are gathered=assembled in the Collection point, so that they are easily transported by special trucks or vans to the Cleaning plant, where they get sterilisation byhigh-pressured water. There are three different channels in the Recycling plant, namely Brown, Green and Clear, which represent the colors of glass. After recycled in the furnace, glass products are melted=forged into recycled liquid glass. Mixed with new liquid glass, the compound is finally moulded into solid glass, which, afterwards, will be sent to various customer supermarkets for selling. Thus, the glass will go to the customers for different purposes.Through a brief introduction of the circle of glass recycling, we come to realize that recycling plays a vital role in environmental protection and ecological preservation.The diagram below describes how to recycle organic waste to produce compost(fertilizer).1. The flow chart illustrates the recycling process of organic waste to produce fertilizer.As is clearly shown in the picture, thefirst step is to find a plastic container of two cubic metres and stab several holes on its body so that air could fill in. Secondly, a 15cm thick layer of food is placed at the bottom of the container and grass is put just above the layer for the same height with some news paper covered on the very top. After that, some nitrogen and water are added into the container, and the water should only be hot. Finally, the container is sealed up and the external heat would help the formation of the compost. After six months, when the fertilizer is ready, all we have to do is to pour it into garden soil to nourish plants and flowers.Generally speaking, making garden fertilizer in this way is easy to operate but it costs much time.2. The flow chart shows the wholeprocess of producing fertilizer by recycling organic waste.Firstly, a two cubic metres plastic container is prepared, with some air holes on its body. Secondly, some organic waste is put into the plastic container. The organic waste includes news paper, grass and food. The right order of adding them is putting food in the bottom 15cm of the container and grass in the middle 15cm upon food. News paper is on the very top. Then nitrogen and water are added into the container. What should be noticed is that water can only be hot water. The next step is to seal up and heat the container. After six months, compost is produced. So we can use them to fertilize the garden.As can be seen from the picture, it isusually simple to change organic waste into fertilizer used to water flowers and trees in the garden.3. The information provided in the diagram is about how to use organic waste to produce compost in the following several simple stages.The first stage is to prepare a plastic container, two cubic metres in volume, with some ventilation holes on the side. Then organic waste such as leaves, pieces of paper and residues can be placed into the container so that three layers (each 15 cm) can be formed in the bottom---news paper, grass and food respectively from up to down. The next important step is to add nitrogen into it and then pour hot water only in to mix together. What is remembered to do next is that the container needs to besealed and heated. As a result, the vapor can be emitted through the holes located on its body. After that it takes roughly six months to convert into composts and then they are ready for fertilizing plants and flowers in the garden.。
英语雅思流程图范文
英语雅思流程图范文Title: The Production Process of a Mobile Phone.The diagram illustrates the production process of a mobile phone, which begins with the concept stage and ends with the final assembly and testing. This entire processcan be divided into several key stages, each with its ownset of steps.The first stage is Research and Development (R&D),where the concept of the phone is born. Engineers and designers work together to create a prototype based on market research and consumer demand. This prototype is then tested for functionality, durability, and user-friendliness. Once the prototype meets the required standards, it moveson to the next stage.The second stage is Component Manufacturing. Here, various components such as the screen, battery, camera, and chipset are produced. Each component goes through its ownproduction process, which involves raw material procurement, processing, and quality control. For example, the screen is manufactured using special glass and coated with various layers to enhance visibility and touch sensitivity. The chipset, which is the brain of the phone, is produced using advanced semiconductor technology.The third stage is Assembly. In this stage, all the components are brought together and assembled into a complete phone. This process is highly automated and precise, as each component needs to be placed in the exact right position. The assembly line is equipped with robots and sensors to ensure accuracy and efficiency.Once the phone is assembled, it moves on to the next stage, which is Testing. Here, the phones are put through a series of rigorous tests to ensure they meet the required standards. These tests include functional testing,durability testing, and compatibility testing. Only phones that pass all the tests are considered ready for sale.The final stage is Packaging and Shipping. In thisstage, the phones are packaged in boxes or protectivecovers and shipped to distribution centers around the world. The packaging is designed to protect the phones duringtransit and ensure they arrive in perfect condition.Throughout the entire production process, qualitycontrol is a constant factor. At each stage, quality inspectors check the products to ensure they meet the required standards. This ensures that only the best quality phones reach the consumer.In conclusion, the production of a mobile phone is a complex process that involves multiple stages and steps. It requires meticulous planning and execution to ensure that each phone is produced to the highest standards. Thediagram illustrates this process clearly, showing the flow from concept to final product.。
常用的雅思小作文流程图和地图题词汇
雅思小作文流程图和地图题词汇在雅思写作部分，A类小作文的流程图和地图题一直是雅思烤鸭们比较头痛的部分。
此部分题型在构文方式并没有特别的技巧和特殊性。
事实上，除了把握图形的分析方法和每种图形不同的解题方式外，考生最关注的应该是补充什么类的词汇做备考准备了。
大部分考生在市面上找不到专门的流程和地图备考书籍，而词汇书上也并不把流程地图的词汇专门划分复习，网络信息则把流程图和地图题的材料区分明确，使得考生找不到一个综合备考办法。
在本文中，成都/朗阁/培训中心的雅思专家们总结了综合完整的流程地图题词汇，提供给雅思烤鸭们完善的备考指引。
以下的词条按照不同表达方式进行分类。
Part 1：表时间流程图和地图题中都可能涉及时间表达。
流程题中，使用较多的是过程时长的表述，而地图题的时间使用则体现为地理变迁的时间变化。
一般在方位选址图题中较少出现。
确切的时间指引，既增加文章的自然和连贯度，也能体现行文的精确性。
常见表示时间的词：in few hours几小时during the period of …在…期间after 10 days 10天后from…to 从…到…between …and 在…之间over the…year period在一个…年期间5 years before 5年前a decade earlier几十年前from that moment on从那时起after a while一会since自从since then自从finally最后over the subsequent …years近连续几年例句：The process lasts for up to 7 day s and the products are finally distributed to customers.Part 2：表空间空间表达地图题出现概率较高，但流程图也偶尔出现。
空间应该是地图题解题关键和主要特点。
许多考生容易误把地图题的空间位置写成上下左右位置，这是失分点非常大的地方。
雅思流程图和地图
巧克力制作流程图
The diagrams explain the different stages in the process of making chocolate. 【所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时 。流程图必备三个词：process：整个过程, stage：阶段/step：步骤】
After this the fruit is peeled and the cores are removed. It is then sliced into the required sizes and put into cans. Juice or syrup is also added to the cans. Once the cans have been filled they are sealed and cooked over heat to ensure that the cans are sterilized. When the cans are cool, a label is attached and they are placed into storage. The canned fruit is now ready to be dispatched to supermarkets and sold.
2.
stages---连接词
按时间顺序/步骤 to begin with/at first/initially/in the first stage The first stage involves… then/next/later/after this/subsequently secondly/in the following stage/step The next/following stage includes… Finally/eventually/at the last stage The last stage contains… 具体描述某个步骤 at this point/stage/phase at the same time/moment meanwhile/while
雅思小作文-流程图
雅思小作文——流程图出现频率：低难易程度：高流程图和普通图表的区别在于：●流程图基本上不会出现数据，文字信息占主要地位●流程图以描述为主，比较的概率比较少●流程图需要把图中出现的信息都做描述，而普通图表则不需要将每一个数据都表述●流程图的时态比较单一，主要是用一般现在时●流程图的分段比较灵活，只要不同阶段之间的差距很明显，就可以另起一段●流程图可以不写总结段【如果写总结段，可以把步骤稍微总结一下】流程图注意事项：1)注意掌握段落连接或者不同阶段之间的说法（sequence expression）表示首阶段的一些说法：①The process starts from （名词or动名词）②At the first/initial stage + 句子③At the beginning of the cycle + 句子④During the initial phase + 句子⑤The beginning of the whole cycle is marked by （名词or动名词）⑥（名词or动名词）is the first step in （名词or动名词）表示次阶段的一些说法：①The second stage is（名词or动名词）②The next step in the process is （名词or动名词）表示最后阶段的一些说法：①（名词or动名词）is the last step in the procedure②The final phase of the procedure is about （名词or动名词）③In the final phase + 句子④Entering the final phase + 句子⑤（名词or动名词）is the final stage2)单词的转换主要体现在名词转换成动词。
流程图经常会出现一些器具的名词，如“grinder”“mixer”“heater”，考生需要改动成名词使用，如”ground”, “mixed”和”heated”例：The powders are delivered to the grinder, where they are ground into cement.3)注意流程图读图的顺序，很多是以循环形式出现4)除了连接词外，还可以使用分词结构和状语从句来表示顺序，如：下面几句话的意思是一样的，●Liquor butter is filtered, before being converted into solid butter.●Once liquor butter is filtered, it is converted into solid butter.●Liquor butter is filtered, until it is converted into solid matter.5)常用被动语态●误：Put these materials in the heater.●正：These materials are put in the heater.6)工序图的叙述流程图可以遵循下面的步骤：步骤1：确定材料步骤2：确定工具步骤3：确定动词，然后将这些信息写成一句话。
(完整版)常用的雅思小作文流程图和地图题词汇.docx
雅思小作文流程图和地图题词汇在雅思写作部分， A 小作文的流程和地一直是雅思烤比痛的部分。
此部分型在构文方式并没有特的技巧和特殊性。
事上，除了把握形的分析方法和每种形不同的解方式外，考生最关注的是充什么的做考准了。
大部分考生在市面上找不到的流程和地考籍，而上也并不把流程地的划分复，网信息把流程和地的材料区分明确，使得考生找不到一个合考法。
在本文中，成都 / 朗 / 培中心的雅思家了合完整的流程地，提供雅思烤完善的考指引。
以下的条按照不同表达方式行分。
Part 1：表时间流程和地中都可能涉及表达。
流程中，使用多的是程的表述，而地的使用体地理迁的化。
一般在方位址中少出。
确切的指引，既增加文章的自然和度，也能体行文的精确性。
常表示的：in few hours几小 a decade earlier几十年前during the period of在⋯期from that moment on从那起after 10 days 10天后after a while一会from ⋯ to 从⋯到⋯since 自从between⋯ and 在⋯之since then自从over the⋯ year period 在一个⋯年期finally 最后5 years before 5年前over the subsequent⋯years近几年例句： The process lasts for up to 7 day s and the products are finally distributedto customers.Part 2：表空间空表达地出概率高，但流程也偶出。
空是地解关和主要特点。
多考生容易把地的空位置写成上下左右位置，是失分点非常大的地方。
都朗培中心的雅思家提示烤，空表达需要注意区分：在空状里，in 内部， on 表接壤， to表分开。
成表常用的空：lies 靠近on the⋯ sideof the面⋯is located坐落on both sides of两is situated in位于just off靠⋯近across 交叉on the opposite side在另一parallel平行on the border在上intersect交点center/middle/central area中near/next to/close to/adjacent to靠近例句： It lies 450 kilometers from the nearest city, which is ofthe KK mountain.on the north sidePart 3：表顺序表序的使用在流程中是典型，表序的关能使描述的流程更加清晰，构条理明。
雅思小作文-线图课件
P3
In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries
介绍段包括
时间段 X轴
数据形式 Y轴
研究的对象
大体描绘一下趋势
D
C
A
B
The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.
The line graph describes the percentage of radio listeners and television viewer over four years in the U.K. throughout the day from Oct to Dec in1992.
线型作文三要素
趋势
添加标题
时间
添加标题
prep
添加标题
数据
添加标题
v+adv/adj+n
添加标题
tense
添加标题
雅思写作,地图流程
不同的TASK1类型：动态数据图，静态数据图，地图，流程图。
时态对比：过去到现在，现在到将来。
改述：名词换名词，动词换动词。
从句：后面详细解释清楚啦。
动态、静态有三个：时态，从句，比较级最高级。
地图题：时态，从句。
流程图：从句。
（评分点：名词改述）小作文题目限定框架，在框架中使用得分点内容动态在于挑选数据，写变化最明显数据。
静态在于比较形式，差值比（第一比第二多多少）、倍数比（第一比第二多多少倍），写变化最明显数据。
地图：在于逻辑句型流程：在于步骤衔接。
地图：1.对比（听力中地图）2.变迁（同一地点，不同时间的变化）按时态分段，过去一段，现在一段。
开头结尾可写，可不写，锦上添花。
地图题按照既定顺序，挨着说，先这个建筑，再旁边是什么。
开头句可以：Starting from A with the clockwise/counterclockwise order.要么顺时针，要么逆时针。
1.There be句型（不加减分）There is a supermarket in this area.2.There be句型（倒装，前后顺序发生变化）In this area there is a supermarket.3.代替（限定性定语从句）The place where is used to be a car park is a supermarket now.（非限定性定语从句）This place used to be a car park,which is replaced by the supermarket now.4.条件从句(主将从现）If you stand in front of the supermarket,you’ll find a shopping mall is to the east of it.转变为时间状语从句:when you stand in front of the supermarket,you can find a shopping mall is to the east of it.If one stands in front of the supermarket,he will find a shopping mall is to the east of it.PS:To the north of强调两者关系，in the north of强调在整体的位置。
雅思小作文地图流程图资料讲解
• The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.
• 选址型
• The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silk worm.
• First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.
• Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage
P3
P3
• This new expansion was almost twice the scale of the old village.
• The Chorleywood Park and a golf course separated the old and new area.
P4
• Thus, we see the fast expansion history of this small village across a span of over 100 years.
5.雅思小作文地图流程图
E.g. The water falls as rain. It…from clouds. The clouds wool and they drop water as rain.
DIAGRAM 2
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. (承上启下) Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 meters long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.
Flow chart 轻松写
Structure
Introduction Stage 1 Stage 2 … Conclusion (if needed)
Opening句型
The flow chart illustrates … The whole procedure can be divided into … stages.
There are four main stages in the production of plastic paper clips from this small factory. Two of these stages involve actual preparation of the clips, while the other two consist of quality control before the clips are sent out from the factory to the retailers to be sold to the public.