中考语法名词和代词
中考英语语法必考知识点大全
中考英语语法必考知识点大全一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here,often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’mMiss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the roomevery day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
中考英语语法知识点总结名词与代词
中考英语语法知识点总结：名词与代词名词名词复数的特殊变化。
普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es〃a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾〃复数要加-es;b. story, factory 等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es;c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe 变为-v, 再加-es;d. 以-o结尾的名词〃一般来说〃末尾是"元音字母+o" 的词加-s〃我们学过的有radio,zoo。
末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词〃变复数加-es。
如：tomato, hero, potato〃当然其中的piano 和photo〃又是一个例外〃他们的结尾只能加-s。
e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词〃其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
如：an Englishman〃two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词〃故复数形式为 Germans;f. deer〃sheep等词单复数同形。
people〃police〃cattle 等词〃以单数形式出现〃但实为复数〃所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式〃这就是集体名词。
the English〃the French〃the Chinese 等名词表示国民总称时〃也作复数用。
注意：maths〃politics〃physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾〃仍为不可数名词。
还有theUnited States(美国)〃the United Nations(联合国)等应视为单数。
史上最全的中考英语语法知识点归纳
史上最全的中考英语语法知识点归纳一、词类和词性1.名词：可数名词、不可数名词、专有名词2.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词3.形容词：形容词的基本用法、比较级和最高级4.副词：副词的基本用法、比较级和最高级5.动词：动词的五种形式、时态、语态、情态动词、动词的非谓语形式6.连词：并列连词、从属连词、状语从句引导词7.介词：基本介词及其用法、固定介词短语8.冠词：不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词9.数词：基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数词10.感叹词：常见感叹词二、句子结构1.句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语2.主谓一致：主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致3.句型转换：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换4.句子的简单句、并列句、复合句、复合句类型（定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句）三、时态和语态1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.过去进行时5.一般将来时6.一般过去将来时7.现在完成时8.过去完成时9.现在完成进行时10.一般过去完成进行时11.被动语态四、非谓语动词1.不定式2.动名词3.动词-ing形式五、虚拟语气1.与事实相反的虚拟语气：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气2.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气3.与现在条件相反的虚拟语气4.与过去条件相反的虚拟语气六、定语从句1.关系代词引导的定语从句2.关系副词引导的定语从句3.定语从句的嵌套七、状语从句1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.方式状语从句4.原因状语从句5.条件状语从句6.比较状语从句7.目的状语从句8.结果状语从句八、宾语从句1.宾语从句的引导词2.宾语从句的位置九、名词性从句1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句十、情态动词1.can和could2.may和might3.will和would4.shall和should5.must和have to6.need和dare以上是中考英语语法知识点的简要归纳，更详细的内容需要根据课本和学习资料进行学习和理解。
史上最全的中考英语语法必考知识点归纳
史上最全的中考英语语法必考知识点归纳一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。
如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。
如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。
如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。
如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
初中英语必掌握的知识点：名词、代词、冠词
watch→watches
box→boxes
3. 以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把 y 变 i，再加-es。
学科网（ 北京） 股份有 限公司
factory→factories
lady→ladies
4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，一般把 f 或 fe 改为 v，加-es。
wolf→wolves
knife→knives
时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-’s 或-’。
five minutes’ walk
（3）双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），物主代词（my，
your...），指示代词（this，that...时，常用＂of +’s 所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。
的高频考点。比如名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别，疑问代词含义区分，不定代词的正确选用，
都是考查的重点。对于不同类型代词的相关知识的学习，既要全面又要有重点。
中考考查重点：
一、人称代词；
二、物主代词；
三、反身代词；
四、指示代词；
五、不定代词；
六、相互代词；
七、疑问代词。
考向 1 人称代词
1. 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称（第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称）、 数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。
The cat is small. It（此处代指第三人称单数 The dog）is Mary’ s. 2. 分类：人称代词主格和人称代词宾格
人称
主格
单数 宾格
中考语法考试要点(名词代词冠词)
中考语法复习要点（一）名词考点1：不可数名词不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字地词或不定冠词连用，也没有复数形式.如：air，time，money，paper，news，traffic，information，advice，weather，homework，work等.它们常可以借助数量词来表示一定地数量.如：a piece of news（一则新闻）、two bottles of water（两瓶水）、four pieces of advice（四条建议）、six pieces of paper（六张纸）不可数名词应注意以下几点：（1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数．（2）表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”There is____bread on thetable．[C] A．a B．one C．a piece of D．many There is some_______on the plate．[B] A．apple B．fish C．milks D．deer考点2：专有名词用于表示事物、人物、地点、组织或国家等名称地词.如：China，The Great Wall，Uncle Li，Lucy考点3：可数名词单数变为复数地几条规律1．一般直接加—sgirl—girls map—maps desk—desks 2．以_s，_x，_sh，_ch结尾地单词常在词尾加—esbus—buses glass—glasses box—boxes brush—brusheswatch—watches match—matches3．以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加—es story—stories baby—babies country —countries，party—parties city—cities family — families但是以元音字母+y 结尾地名词变复数时，直接加—s变复数.如boys、monkeys、holidays等.4．以—o结尾地词变复数.①加—es，如：黑人（negro）英雄（hero）西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）复数加（es）Negroes and heroes like eating tomatoes and potatoes．（黑人和英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆.）②结尾是两个元音字母地加s，eg．zoo—zoos，radio—radios③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s，eg．piano—pianos④一些名词地缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s，eg．photo（photograph）—photos，kilo （kilogram）kilos⑤zero变复数时，既可加s，也可加es ：zeros ／zeroes5．将词尾f（e）变为ves地单词熟记口诀. 树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）上山岗，架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），好像强盗（thief）逃命（life）忙.（注意：roof地复数为roofs；scarf地复数为scarfs／scarves）6．单数名词变复数地不规则变化：child — children foot —feettooth —teethgoose — geeseman — menwoman — womenpoliceman —policemenmouse — mice7．还有一些名词地单数和复数形式相同. sheep，deer，fish8．另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数.people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors等9．两个名词组成地名词词组常在最后一个名词加—s：girl students twin sisters apple trees但如果前面名词是man或woman时两个名词都变woman doctor—women doctorsman worker—men workers 10．表示民族地单复数常有下列三种变化：①单复数相同：Chinese—Chinese Japanese —Japanese②将man变为menEnglishman—Englishmen Frenchman— Frenchmen③其余在后面+sGerman—Germans American—AmericansIndian—Indians Australian—Australians Canadian—Canadians11．既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词：考点4：名词所有格：1．—’s结构：在英语中，有生命事物地名词以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市地名词，常在词尾加“'s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾地名词形式称为该名词地所有格.如：my father'scar我父亲地汽车、students' book学生用书.名词所有格地构成规则如下：直接在词尾后加“'s”，如：the girl' s backpack，today's newspaper，Tom's bike，someone else’s book，men's room，Children's Day，W omen's Day以s结尾地名词只须加“' ”.如：the teachers' office，the students' reading-room，the workers' club，Teachers' Day③并列名词地所有格要格外小心.如：Lily and Lucy's room（两人共有一个房间）Lily's and Lucy's rooms（每人分别占有一个房间）④表示时间、距离、国家、城市地名词，加“'s”构成所有格.如：fifteen minutes'walk步行十五分钟地路程the world's population 世界人口注意：表示某人地家和店铺或教堂地名字时，名词所有格地后面经常不出现它所修饰地词.如：at Li Lei's 在李雷地家at the doctor's 在医务室2．of 结构：一些无生命地名词地所有格，可用of 短语来表达.如：the title of the text （课文地标题） the foot of the hill （山脚）3．双重所有格结构：即's 结构和of 结构相结合.如：a friend of my father's 我父亲地一个朋友a car of Mrs ．Brown's 布朗太太地一辆车 a student of Tom's mother's Tom 地妈妈地一个学生注意：the answer to the question 问题地答案the key to the door 门地钥匙（）1．_______________mothers both work in the same hospital ．（08·广东）A ．Tim and Peter’s B ．Tim’s and Peter C ．Tim ’s and Peter’s D ．Tim andPeter （）2．—_____that new bike over there?—I think it’s_____．（09·深圳）A ．Who’s; SamB ．Who’s; Sam’sC ．Whose is; SamD ．Whose is;Sam’s （）3．—Could you take____for these_____?They are very beautiful ．（09·广东）中 考 接 链A ．any photos; tomatoesB ．some photos; tomatoesC ．some photos; tomatosD ．any photoes; tomatoes （）4．—What’s your favorite_____?（09·湖北襄樊）—Summer ．Because I can swim in the river in summer ．A ．subjectB ．seasonC ．musicD ．sport（）5．I am thirsty ．Would you bring me____________，please?（03·广东）A ．some bread B ．some water C ．some cakes D ．some eggs 写出下列名词地复数形式.1．bus ____________2． glass ________ 3．box _________ 4．watch ___________5．tomato _________6．radio _________ 7．photo ________ 8．zoo ______________9．city ____________10．factory _______ 11．country ______ 12．baby _____________13．key ___________14．boy __________ 15． l ife _________16．leaf______________17．thief __________ 18．Chinese _______19．Frenchman ____20．German ___________21．Japanese _______22．American ______ 23．sheep ________24．foot _______________25．tooth __________ 26．child__________ 27．mouse ________28．policeman__________ 29．deer __________ 30．goose __________（）1．In our school there are fifty —five___．A ．women teachersB ．woman teachersC ．women teacherD ．woman’s teacher（）2．A group of______will visit the museum tomorrow ．A ．CanadianB ．Japanese C ．AustralianD ．American （）3．—What would you like ，madam?— I’d like_______，please ．A ．two bottles of orangeB ．two bottles of orangesC ．two bottle of orangesD ．two bottle of orange（）4．—Do you know how many_____a horse has and how many_____a bee has?—Of course ．I know ．A ．teeth; footB ．tooth; footC ．foot; teethD ．teeth; feet 完 形 空 填选 择 空 填（）5．I have got___news from my friend．Do you want to know?A．a piece ofB．any C．a very good D．two pieces（）6．My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me_____on English learning．A．advicesB．many adviceC．some adviceD．much advice（）7．I won’t go there with you，for I have a lot of____to do．A．works B．working C．job D．work（）8．He often has____for breakfast．A．two breads B．two pieces of breadsC．two pieces of breads D．two pieces of bread（）9．There are some_____in these_____．A．knifes; pencil—boxesB．knives; pencils—boxC．knives; pencil—boxes D．knives; pencils—boxs（）10．_____hate______by air．A．Greens; traveling B．The Green; travelingC．The Greens; travelD．The Greens; traveling（）11．I wonder why_____are interested in action films．A．the peopleB．people C．peoples D．the peoples（）12．________room is on the 5th floor．A．Lucy and Lily B．Lucy and Lily’sC．Lucy’s and LilyD．Lucy’s and Lily’s（）13．This is not my cap，but my_____．A．brothersB．brother’sC．brothers’D．brother（）14．About_______films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival ．A．two hundred of B．two hundreds ofC．two hundredD．two hundreds （）15．He dropped the_____and broke it．A．cup of coffeeB．coffee’s cupC．cup of coffeeD．coffee cup（）16．It’s about________walk from my home to the park．A．two hoursB．two hour’sC．two hours’D．two of hours（）17．Will you make_________with Tom？A．friendsB．a friendC．friendD．the friend（）18．This chair is made of _______．A．woodB．woodsC．woodenD．some woods（）19．When Mr．Brown came yesterday，his family________having supper．A．wereB．is C．areD．was（）20．The foreign teacher wants to know the_________name．A．child’B．childrens’C．children’sD．childs’（二）代词考点1：首先注意人称代词、物主代词和反身代词地各种形式;⑴人称代词、物主代词、反身代词变化形式表考点2：人称代词地主格和宾格地区别;人称代词地主格通常放在动词地前面作句子地主语;人称代词地宾格通常放在动词或介词地后面作句子地宾语.I am not good at English．Can you help me? He is so kind that we all like him．考点3：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词地区别：形容词性物主代词只能作定语，修饰后面所接地名词；而名词性物主代词起着代名词地作用，后面不接名词.This is my bag，and that is yours．Their school is much bigger than ours．考点4：代词地位置：单数you，he and I复数we，you and they考点5：it地用法1．作形式主语、形式宾语（1）______is important to get on well with them．[B]A．ThatB．ItC．youD．He（2）I feel_______useful to have sports every day．[C] A．youB．thatC．itD．me2．指婴儿或不明身份、性别地人（1）Who is knocking at the door?_______．[A]A．It’s meB．It’s IC．I am D．I knock （2）Who is that man?_______must be our headmaster．[B] A．HeB．ItC．ThatD．It’s考点6：反身代词不做主语，可作宾语、表语及同位语，必须与被指代地人在人称和数上保持一致，意义为“本人”、“亲自”.如：The old woman often talks toherself．那位老太太经常自言自语.They enjoyed themselves a lot on the school trip．学校旅行时他们玩得很高兴.反身代词地必考词组1．玩地开心enjoy oneself2．随便吃help oneself to…3．自言自语say to oneself4．苏醒come to oneself5．独自地all by oneself6．将某人单独留下leave one by oneself 7．照顾自己look after oneself8．自学learn sth．by oneself/teach oneself sth．考点7：电话用语通常用this指代自己，that 指代对方：1．_______Tom，who_______? [B]A．I am，are youB．This is，is that C．I am，is thatD．This is，are you 2．Hello，_______Mr．Green? [C] A．are youB．you areC．is that考点8：代词one，it，that地用法辨析1．one指代同一类别中地另一个，用来代替可数名词单数，其复数形式为ones;eg．I d on’t like the shirt．Can you show me another one?2．it指代同一个人或物，代替单数可数名词或不可数名词;eg．—Do you like the red pen?—Yes，I like it very much．that指代同一类别中地另一个，可用来代替不可数名词，指代可数名词时其复数为those，通常用于含有比较级别地句子中. eg．The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Beijing．The streets in Beijing are wider than those in Guangzhou．考点9：不定代词s ome any one none many much all both eachevery other another little alittle few a few eitherneither考点10：形容词修饰以下不定代词时放在其后面，不定代词通常用作单数：somebody，someone，something，anybody，anyone，anything，nobody，everyone，nothing ，everybody，everythingWould you like something sweet?There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper．Something is wrong with my bike ．（）1．—Which would you like ，tea or coffee? （09·深圳）—Either_____OK ，but I prefer coffee_____milk ．A ．is; hasB ．are; withC ．is; withD ．are; has（）2．——We have five kinds of schoolbags ．Do you like this one?——No ．Can you show me_____?（09·广东）A ．each otherB ．the otherC ．anotherD ．others（）3．Mr ．Wang is very friendly ，and_____like him very much ．（09·北京）A ．weB ．usC ．ourD ．ours（）4．—Are the keys over there _____?—No ．Go and ask Anna ．They may belong to her ．（09·南京）A ．youB ．yourC ．yoursD ．yourself（）5．Millie gave_____a baby cat yesterday that hurt_____when it fell from the tree ．（09·苏州）A ．me;itB ．myself;itselfC ．me;itselfD ．myself;it用括号中所给代词地适当形式填空：1．I bought two tickets for tomorrow ．One is for___________and the other is for my daughter ．（I ）2．The cat washes______________with its tongue ．（it ）3．Thank goodness ．Bob didn’t hurt_____________（him ）4．The two little girls are crying ，because__________can’t find ____________mother ．（they ）5．Miss Green will teach__________Chinese next term ．（we ）6．Let’s do it______________．（we ）7．I t’s an old photo of____________when I was a child ．（my ）8．Is the shirt on the bed_____________?（you ）9．The twins corrected the mistakes on the test papers________________．（them ）10．We made up__________minds to catch up with others ．（us ）11．It’s not my book ．It’s ___________．（her ） 12．“ Enjoy___________!” she said to her friends ．（you ）13．Do you know_____________names ?（they ）中 考 接 链14．Our teacher told____________an interesting story．（they）15．Your brother is too young．You can’t leave__________by___________．（he）16．To____________surprise，there is no one in the room．（she）17．They met a friend of____________in the street yesterday．（they）18．Would you like to go there with__________?（we）19．Let__________go to the movies．（we）20．_________friends are going to see_________．（He）选择方框内合适地词填空：1．____________is waiting for you in the next room．2．I have_____________interesting to tell all of you．3．Do you have_______________to say ?4．Does________________live on that island ?5．_______________is ready for your birthday．6．—Is________________here today ?—No，Helen isn’t here．7．I looked around，but saw_______________and_______________．8．I have two rulers．One is long，the_____________is short．9．This computer is too dear．Would you like to show me_______________one ? 10．There isn’t_____________tea here．What about_____________coffee ?用所给地不定代词填空：（A）few，a few，little，a little1．Hurry up ! There is____________time left．2．He is a man of___________words．That is to say he speaks very ___________．3．— Can you speak English ?—Yes，but only______________．4．Don’t worry．I have_______________cards．（B）all，both，none，neither1．The class____________went to the cinema yesterday．2．_____________of her parents are teachers．3．There are lots of tall buildings on______________sides of the street．4．All of us were invited，but ______________of us went．5．I saw____________Mr．nor Mrs．Brown at church．（C）something，anything，nothing，everything1．Lei Feng asked_______________in return when he helped others．2．—Have you____________to tell me ? —Yes，I have_______________to tell you．3．_______________begins to grow in spring．4．I was looking for________________cheaper．用方框中地词填空，完成句子：1．I have many kinds of books ．But____________of them is about the computer ．2．How_____________pictures do you have ?3．You can do____________work on the farm ．4．She is not good at Japanese ，but she can speak_____________Japanese ．5．There’s_____________time left ．We must be quick ．6．These books cost one dollar ___________．7．Students go to school_____________day except holidays ．（）1．The boys are in the classroom now ．Mr ．Smith is teaching________an English lesson ．A ．theirB ．themC ．usD ．ours（）2．________isn’t easy to learn a foreign language well ．But foreign languages are very useful ．A ．ThatB ．ItC ．WhichD ．This（）3．The skirt is _________．She made it__________．A ．her ; herselfB ．herself ; hersC ．hers ; herselfD ．herself ;her （）4．Can you do it all by__________，Jill ？A ．youB ．yourselvesC ．yourselfD ．yours（）5．Enjoy_______at the party ，Tom and Lucy ．A ．yourselfB ．himselfC ．yourselvesD ．themselves（）6．Don’t worry ．He’s much food ．You can share_______．A ．some of mineB ．some of hisC ．some of yoursD ．some of her （）7．She feels________her duty to take care of this old man ．A ．itsB ．itC ．thisD ．that（）8．Don’t tell others about it ．This is only between_________．A ．you and IB ．I and you C ．me and you D ．you and me （）9．The weather in Guangzhou is much warmer than__________in Harbin in winter ．A ．that B ．itC ．thisD ．one（）10．He is old enough to wash_______clothes by himself ．You can just wash_______．A ．his; yourB ．his; yoursC ．mine; yoursD ．your; yours（）11．If you have_______questions ，ask me for help ．A ．anyB ．someC ．noD ．a（）12．How many sheep are there on the hill?_______．A ．NobodyB ．NoneC ．No oneD ．No（）13．To understand is one thing ，but to do it well is_________．A ．another B ．the otherC ．the anotherD ．other （）14．Hurry up ．We have_______ time left ． 基 础 测 检A．a fewB．a littleC．fewD．little（）15．These shoes are too small．Do you have larger___________？A．onesB．someC．themD．those（）16．I can’t hear you ．There’s_______noise here．A．much tooB．too muchC．many tooD．too many（）17．There are_______workers in the factory．And_______them is 500．A．much; manyB．the number of;a number ofC．many; much D．a number of;the number of（）18．— Are the two answers correct?—No，_______ correct．A．no one isB．both are notC．neither isD．either is（）19．John is stronger than____________in his class．A．any boysB．any boyC．the other boyD．any other boy（）20．—Excuse me．Which is the way to the hospital，this one or that one?—______way can take you there．It’s easy to get there．A．EitherB．BothC．NeitherD．Every（）21．If you want ticket for a round—trip，sir，you’ll have to pay__________60 dollars．A．anotherB．otherC．eachD．more（）22．___________are all fifteen years old．A．I，she and you B．She，you and IC．I，you and sheD．You，she and I（）23．This question is so difficult that very___________students in our class can answer it．A．littleB．a littleC．fewD．a few（）24．Someone says “ Put on your coat” and another says “ Put your coat on”．We know__________right．A．neither isB．both ones areC．either isD．none is（）25．Mary and Tom have come back，but___________students in the class haven’t．A．the other B．othersC．anotherD．the others（）26．“ Helen，help__________to some fruit and sweets，” mother said．A．yourselfB．yourselvesC．myselfD．herself（）27．Don’t cross the road．There is___________traffic now．A．a lotB．a lot ofC．manyD．a（）28．My watch doesn’t work．There must be__________wrong with it．A．somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everything（）29．Is there____________on the island ?A．else anyoneB．someone elseC．anyone elseD．else something（）30．My brother is taller than ___________．A．myB．mineC．meD．his（）31．The workers were all tired，but__________of them stopped to have a rest．A．noneB．someC．anyD．neither（）32．Tom，___________hands are so dirty．Go to wash them quickly．A．either of yourB．all youC．both of yourD．each your（）33．Jack and John are from England．__________of them are my classmates．A．AllB．BothC．EachD．Either（）34．Do you know___________handwriting is better，Lucy’s or Lily’s ?A．whoB．whatC．whoseD．which（）35．Jim speaks English better than___________else in his class．A．no oneB．anotherC．anyoneD．the one（）36．The mooncakes from Guangdong are better than__________from Beijing．A．thatB．theseC．thoseD．this（）37．—Can you come on Monday or Friday ?—Sorry，_________is possible．A．eitherB．bothC．eachD．neither（）38．There are more students in our class than in__________．A．theirB．theirsC．themD．they（）39．Canada is larger than___________country in Asia．A．anyB．any otherC．other D．another（）40．Please pass the book from one____________．A．for anotherB．for otherC．to anotherD．to other（）41．—Dear me ! What a wonderful computer !—My grandpa bought it for my sister and me．It’s__________．A．mineB．hersC．theirsD．ours（）42．—How often are the Olympic Games held?—___________four years．A．EveryB．EachC．InD．For（）43．If you want to keep fit，you’d better eat more vegetables and___________meat．A．fewB．littleC．lessD．more（）44．The film is boring．I think__________people like it．A．a fewB．fewC．manyD．some（）45．Do you often talk to___________like this ?A．anotherB．otherC．othersD．the others（三）冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）一、不定冠词地用法（1）用与可数名词地单数形式前，指人或事物地某一种类：例如：She is a girl．Pass me an apple，please．（2）指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物.例如：A boy is waiting for you.We work six days a week．（3）表示"一"这个数量，但数地概念没有one强烈．例如：We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow．I have a mouth，a nose，two eyes and two ears．（4）a few，a little，a lot of（5）不定冠词a/an地区别不定冠词a（an）是“一个”地意思.a用在以辅音音素开头地单数可数名词或字母之前，an用在以元音音素开头地单数可数名词或字母之前.经常在考题中出现地有：a treean old man/ an ideaa useful book an apple / an orange / an egga university an umbrella /ugly man/ an unclea wordan hour a European countryan honest boya one-eyed wolfan eight-year-old boy(a “b，c，g，．．．．”an “a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x．．．．．．”) （6）a用于序数词之前，表示“又一”.He failed twice，but he still wanted to try a third time．二、定冠词地用法（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）物.例如：the photo of the boy（2）指双方都知道地人或物.例如：—Where are the new books，Jim?— They are on the small table．（3）指上文提过地人或物.例如：Today he is making a machine．He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane．（4）用在世界上独一无二地事物前.例如：The sun is bigger than the moon．（5）用在序数词或形容词最高级前.例如：The first truck is carrying a few baskets．The third one is carrying the fewest of all．（6）用在由普通名词构成地专有名词前.例如：the Great Wall, the NorthStreetHospital （7）用在一些习惯用语中.例如：in the morning （afternoon，evening），on the left （right）at the end of三、不用冠词地情况（1）在专有名词前和不可数名词前.例如：China，Grade Two，Bill Smith，milk （2）名词前已有作定语用地this，that，my，your，some，any等代词.例如：The letter is in her pocket．I think the shop is closed at this time of day．（3）复数名词表示一类人或事物时.例如：My father and mother are teachers．I like cakes．（4）在星期、月份、季节、节日前.例如：It is Sunday （Monday，Tuesday，etc．）It is cold in winter．（5）在称呼语或表示头衔地名词前.例如：Uncle Wang likes making things．What colour are Mrs Green's shoes?（6）He went to school after breakfast ． Can you play basketball?注：在某些固定词组中，如：at home ，by bus ，go to school 等地名词前不用冠词.注：HuangpuRiver; the ChangjiangRiver;（）1．—How do you go to_____work?（09·深圳）—I usually take_____bus ．A ．the; aB ．/;aC ．a;aD ．the;a（）2．I really like_____book you lent me yesterday ．（09·河北）A ．aB ．anC ．theD ．/（）3．Let’s go to_____cinema ．That will take your mind off the problem for_____while ．（09·海南）A ．the;theB ．the;aC ．a;theD ．a;a（）4．Sandy often takes her dog for_____walk around after supper ．（09·南京）A ．aB ．anC ．theD ．/ （）5．—How about____charity show ?—I should say it was_____success ．（09·苏州）A ．the;aB ．the;/C ．a;aD ．a;/在需要地地方填上适当地冠词.1．____useful book2．_____Beijing3．_____Class 12 Grade 34．have____lunch5．have____big lunch6．in____morning7．on____cold morning8．______Mr Li9．_____university10．______umbrella11．_____hour 12．_____engineer 13．____forth street 14．_____day before yesterday15．play _____chess 16．play _____golf17．_____few 18．_____little 19．by_____time20．go to______cinema21．at____breakfast 22．at______home中 考 接 链在需要地地方填上适当地冠词.【A】Harris lives in 1 small town．He works in 2 zoo and loves 3 animals very much．He has 4 dog．When he’s free，he always plays with 5 lovely dog．He often saves 6 money to buy 7 nice food for it and he only eats some bread．One day 8 friend of his asked him to 9 dinner．He went there with 10dog．When they were eating，he threw some meat，fish，chicken and cakes to it．His friend was strange and asked，“You love 11 dog very much，don’t you?”“Yes，” Harris said proudly．“You don’t know how clever it is!”“What can it do?” asked his friend．“It can buy some newspapers for you if you give it some money．”Of course his friend didn’t believe it．He gave 12 dog some money and it went out at 13 once．Nearly14 hour passed，15dog didn’t come back．Harris looked worried and asked，“How much did you give 16Bh94A。
【免费】初中英语语法详解：代词和名词的用法解析
初中英语语法详解：代词和名词的用法解析一、人称代词1．人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。
主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。
人称代词主格用在句首作主语。
She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。
人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。
This pen is bad.I can’t write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。
2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。
1）单数代词：you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2）复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3）第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。
二、物主代词名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?It’s hers. 是她的。
hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。
形容词性是基础，除了我的“mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。
三、反身代词I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。
*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves替-f四、指示代词This (这个)------- these (这些) 指近处的事物That (那个)------- these (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本书。
中考代词知识点总结
中考代词知识点总结一、人称代词人称代词用来表示说话人、听话人和与说话人或听话人有关的人或事物。
在中考英语考试中，人称代词的使用是非常常见的。
1. 主格形式：I, you, he, she, it, we, they。
例如：I am a student.You are my friend.He is a teacher.She is my sister.It is a cat.We are in the same class.They are good students.2. 宾格形式：me, you, him, her, it, us, them。
例如：He likes me.I see you.We help him.She loves her.It follows it.They call us.I miss them.3. 形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their。
例如：This is my book.Is this your dog?That is his bike.Her name is Lily.Its color is yellow.Our teacher is strict.Their parents are doctors.4. 名词性物主代词：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs。
例如：This book is mine.Is this dog yours?The bike is his.The cat is hers.The house is ours.The toys are theirs.5. 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves。
例如：I see myself in the mirror.You should do it yourself.He hurt himself.She enjoys herself.It cleans itself.We find ourselves lost.They talk to themselves.二、指示代词指示代词用来指示人或物，常见的指示代词有this, that, these, those等。
中考英语语法复习名词代词数词冠词和介词
第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如：Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词，叫普通名词。
如：desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches；c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, city-cities ；d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ；e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）__________+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们）-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（中日不变英法变，其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词（a/an）直接修饰，若要表示数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
中考英语必考语法大全
中考英语必考语法大全一. 动词be（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
二. this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。
如：This is a flower. 这是一朵花。
(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。
(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。
如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。
那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。
如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦。
海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。
如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。
那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。
如：—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁？注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。
如：①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？—Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么？—It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
三. these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事；those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
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名词名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
功用主语My family is now in New York.表语His father is a scientist.宾语We love our great motherland.宾语补足语He made London the base for his work.定语The girls are making paper flowesrs.状语The car cost him 1000 dollars.同位语Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here考点1：名词复数的构成1.一般情况在词尾+-s；2. 以s , sh , ch , x结尾的名词+-es. buses wishes watches boxes sandwiches beaches brushes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y为i, +-es country-countries story-stories family-families lady-ladies factory-factories comedy-comedies strawberry- strawberries documentary-documentaries century-centuries dictionary-dictionaries city-cities4. 以f或fe结尾的名词，一般变f, fe为ves leaf-leaves life-lives half-halves knife-knives thief-thieves wife-wives scarf-scarves / scarfs5. 以o结尾，其中tomato, potato, hero +es : tomatoes potatoes heroes而radio zoo photo piano kilo则直接+-s6. 不规则变化：man-men woman-women Frenchman-Frenchmen policeman-po licemen policewoman-policewomen (German-Germans) foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children mouse-mice ox –oxen（公牛）7.单复数形式相同：sheep（绵羊）deer（鹿）Chinese（中国人）Japanese（日本人）fish（鱼）8.只有复数形式的名词：trousers（裤子）glasses（眼镜）thanks（谢谢）cl othes（衣服）people（人们）chopsticks（筷子）shorts（短裤）pants（长裤）socks（袜子）staff（全体员工）9. 集体名词police, family, team, group，class, public等，如果表示一个整体，看作单数；如果表示集体中的成员，视为复数。
如：The police are searching for the thieves everywhere.10.复合名词的复数形式，将中心词变为复数：tooth brush-tooth brushes ; banana tree-banana trees而man, woman与其它名词构成的复合名词，则两部分都变: man teacher-men teachers; woman doctor-women doctors考点2：不可数名词1.表示物质的名词，液体、气体、原料、食品等物质的名词是不可数名词，本身没有单复数的区别。
water air sugar rice bread tea meat fruit hair money等。
2.表示抽象概念的名词，如honesty exercise kindness happiness health English knowledge love work homework等。
3.4.不可数名词的数量表示:(1) 不能加S; (2) 前面不能直接加a/an 或数词修饰; (3)作主语时，谓语用单数。
常用相当于汉语中量词的一些名词来表示。
eg: piece bag glass cupa piece of paper/news/music/brea d… two pieces of advice three bags of ricefour glasses of water six cups of tea 可数名词也可以像这样表示，eg: two baskets of apples5.一些以s结尾的名词却是单数，maths /math数学；politics政治；physics物理；news新闻6.“数词+名词”或“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式。
eg: an eight-year-old boy; eight-hour sleep; a five-meter-deep river.考点3：名词的所有格1.一般在名词后面+-‘s. 如：Jim’s sister; Children’s Day; Women’s Day; April Fool’s Day2.以s或es结尾的单词，只加“’”构成所有格。
如：Teachers’ Day; the twins’ room; a waitress’ job3.如果某物为两人共有，则在后一名词加所有格；如果不是共有的，则两个名词后都加所有格。
如：This is Lily and Lucy’s room.Mr. Zhang is Zhang Lin and Zhang Lan’s father.These books are Lily’s and Lucy’s.4.表示在某人家、店铺等工作、生活场所的所有格后的名词常省略。
如：at my uncle’s在我叔叔家at the doctor’s在诊所at the barber’s在理发店at Mr. Wang’s在王先生家5.双重所有格：如果名词前面有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+所有格/of+名词性物主代词”形式来表示所属关系。
意义上与“one of+复数名词”相似，如：Mr. Green is a friend of our English teacher’s.Lucy is a daughter of mine.6.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等名词的所有格，在名词后加所有格。
today’s newspaper今天的报纸15 minutes’ walk步行15分钟的路程考点4：名词作定语名词作定语，一般用单数形式。
如：country music乡村音乐；two physics teachers 两位物理老师；pet dogs宠物狗；paper bags纸袋*个别名词作定语用复数形式。
sports meeting运动会；parents meeting家长会*由“man/woman+名词”构成的短语，变为复数时，两部分都需用复数。
如：women teachers女教师*复合形容词作定语，其结构是“数字+连词符+名词单数形式（形容词）”。
如：a two-day holiday=a two days’ holiday两天的假期; twe nty minutes’walk=twenty-minute walk走路二十分钟的路程考点5：近义词辨析1. family house homefamily意为“家庭、家人”，指家庭的整体或家庭成员；house意为“房子、房屋”，强调建筑本身；home意为“家”，有一定的感情色彩，强调住所。
Tom regards Kunming as his second because he has been here for over twenty years. A. family B. house C. room D. home2. question problemquestion 指需要解答或回答的问题，常与ask/answer连用；problem 指提出的疑难、困难，需要解决、处理的问题，如失业、人口、数学问题等。
3. voice noise soundvoice是“嗓音”；noise是“吵闹声、噪音”，指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声；sound泛指人所听到的自然界的任何声音。
4. work jobwork是不可数名词，指需要花体力和脑力的工作；job是可数名词，指一项具体的工作。
如：Selling newspaper is his part-time job.He has been out of work.5. message news informationmessage是可数名词，指“口信”，常用词组: leave/take a message; short messages news 和information为不可数名词，news指“新闻”information指“消息、信息、资料”。
6. place roomplace意为“地点、地方”，是可数名词；room当“空间”讲，为不可数名词。
7. suggestion advicesuggestion的意思是“建议”，可数名词；advice是“意见、建议”的意思，为不可数名词。
二者通常可以换用1. Books are my best friends. They give me and make me happy. (knowledge)（2004 曲靖）2. Now, as one of the in NBA, Yao Ming is working hard to show the world that Chinese basketball players love this game too! (star) （2004 曲靖）3. American scientists said there once was for life on Mars.（2004 曲靖）A. enough watersB. water enoughC. enough waterD. waters enough4. Nothing in the world is impossible if you set your to do it. （2004 曲靖）A. headB. mindC. ideaD. heart5. Mr. Smith’s will arrive in Kunming at 5:00 this afternoon. (fly)（05 曲靖）6. Many English can make their classes lively and interesting by using all kinds of activities. (teach)（05 曲靖）7. ---- Forests are very important to us, aren’t they?---- Yes. If we have more forests, they will help to keep from running away.A. waterB. leavesC. treesD. grass8. I don’t like dumplings, give me some instead. (bread)9. ---- Will you help these plant trees, please? （2006 曲靖）---- Of course. (child)（2006曲靖）10. Shenzhou Six realized the Chinese dream of flying into the space. (people)11. Please give me a full of your hometown. (describe)（2006曲靖）12. Not all of the are made of .（2006曲靖）A. glass; glassB. glasses; glassC. glass; glassesD. glasses; glasses13. John becomes a member of the art club. He dreams to be a in the future. (paint)（2007云南）14. Listening to will make you relaxed, and singing along will make you happy.（流行歌曲）（2007云南）15. Spring is walking to us quickly. We can see , white clouds, green grass andbeautiful flowers here and there. （蓝天）（2007云南）16. ---- Oh! There isn’t enough for us in the bus.---- No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.（2007云南）A. placeB. landC. roomD. floor17. ---- Where is the manager from?---- I don’t know, but from hi s I think he is from the south.A. voiceB. soundC. pronunciationD. accent18. Yunnan is beautiful. Many come for holidays every year. (visit)（2008云南）19. Another new year, another beautiful . May my best wishes bring youa successful year. (begin)（2008云南）20. Swimming in rivers is one of my favorite . It makes me happy andhealthy. （户外运动）（2008云南）21. West or east, home is best. Parents like to spend time with their children at hometogether and share the happiness of .（家庭生活）（2008云南）22. A kind is better than a good face.（2009云南）A. eyeB. earC. heartD. hand23. The little boy wants to be an when he grows up. (act)（2009云南）24. Animals are our friends. I like to keep a in my house.（宠物狗）25. We should obey the and learn to protect ourselves.（交通规则）26. In order to save the trees on the earth, we’d better use fewer.（纸袋）( ) 1. _____ are going to England for a holiday.A. The WangB. Wang’sC. The Wang’sD. The Wangs( ) 2. There are many _____ in the school.A. women teachersB. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher ( ) 3. _____ turn yellow in autumn.A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs( ) 4. Will you please show me the way to the _____ shop?A. shoeB. shoes’C. shoesD. shoe’s( ) 5. Help yourselves to some _____, dear children!A. fishsB. fishesC. fishD. the fish( ) 6. _____ hard work it is!A. What aB. HowC. WhatD. How a( ) 7. Do you believe that there are two _____ in my class?A. MariesB. MarysC. Mary’sD. Marys’( ) 8. His family _____ a happy one.A. beB. areC. isD. was( ) 9. I met two _____ in the street yesterday morning.A. GermanB. AustralianC. AmericanD. Japanese( ) 10. My grandparents like _____ very much, so they grow some in their _____ garden every year. A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetablesC. vegetables, vegetablesD. vegetables, vegetable代词【考点直击】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3. 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4. 常见不定代词的一般用法；5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代词的基本用法；7. 疑问代词的基本用法。