跨文化交际实用教程Unit 3
unit 3 跨文化交际课件
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 3. How to avoid overgeneralizations? • Pay attention to levels of culture.
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 4. Negative stereotypes
Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• Some generalizations are too broad, outof-date, or inaccurate. Nhomakorabea1
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• Some generalizations include positive or negative judgments. A reader might think the information is purely factual, while in reality, it is intended to encourage a particular attitude toward a specific group or culture.
• People usually have negative stereotypes about other people from different cultures.
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Chapter 3: Making generalizations
• 5. Stereotypes and prejudices
Chapter 3: Making generalizations
跨文化 Unit 3
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
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Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
01 Warm-up Cases 02 Compliments and Compliment Responses 03 Social Functions of Compliments 04 Differences Between CCs and ECs 05 Common Response Formulas of ECs and CCs 06 Cultural Assumption 07 Expressions of Gratitude and Apology
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
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01 Warm-up Cases
Case The Embarrassment Caused by “No Etiquette” (P46)
p No help for Old People
My landlady was over 70 and we got along very well. Once when we were ascending[ə'sɛnd](攀登) the stairs together, I stretched out my hands to give her some help. She said, “I can do it. Thank you.” I thought she was just being polite, so I escorted['ɛskɔt](护送 ) her to the top floor. Her face showed that she could do nothing about my over-kindness. Soon after, I saw her going up the stairs alone, I forgot my previous lesson and practiced “Lei Feng” once again. This time, half-jokingly and half-seriously, she asked me, “Young man, do you think I am old and useless? When I have to move myself on a wheelchair, I’ll ask you for help.” I stood there, blushed and puzzled. (Translated from China Commercial News, July 8,2001)
大学英语跨文化交际unit3
大学英语跨文化交际unit3ReviewWhat is culture? What is communication? What is intercultural communication?Unit Three Cultural DiversityI. Warm UpPlease read the story on page 76, then answer the question:1. Why does Jackson say that Mr. Zhao has asked too much?2. What are the differences in the opinions of friendship betweenChinese and Americans?II. Reading1. Read the article of “Different Lands, Different Friendships”. Who is afriend? What are the similarities and differences between the Chineseconcept of friendship and the western ones? Compare the differentvalues of friendship in America, France, Germany, England andChina.Differences in Friendship(1) In France:(i) Friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen asbasically a relationship between men.(ii) Friendship is a one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other person’s intellect, temperament, andparticular interests.(iii) Friendships are compartmentalized. They are not made part of family life.(2) In Germany:(i) Friendship is much more articulately a matter of feeling.(ii) Friends usually are brought into the family.(3) In England:(i) The basis is shared activity.(ii) English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not contrapuntal to the family nor are they separated from thefamily.(4) In ChinaThe typical Chinese concept of friendship lays great emphasis on personal loyalty and also has much to do with family. In Chinese culture, friendshipmeans a willingness to be indebted and to repay the debt more than owed.(5) In America: (p81-82)“Friend” is often used in a much wider sense in the American culture than in the Chinese culture. The term may be used for both casual acquaintances and close companions. American friends may not share with one another as much as Chinese friends usually do. Americans would still prefer to consider themselves first as independent individuals. What they value more are individual achievement and independence rather than relationship with one another, and they do not like to put themselves in others’ debt. Of course, Americans are willing to help their friends, but mostly on trivial things, such as driving a friend to an important event when his or her own arrangementsfor transportation fail.Supplement:Some American quotes about friendship will give additional insights into how friendships are valued.“A friend hears the song in my heart and sings it to me when my memory fails.”“A single rose can be my garden... a single friend, my world.”“A friend brings out the best in you.”“Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of joy you must have someone to divide it with.”—Mark Twain Common Elements about Friendship:There is the recognition that friendship, in contrast with kinship, is a matter of free choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably equality of give-and-take.2. Read the article of “Family Structure” (p83-84), then identify thedifferent roles of family in cultures.Many cultural differences exist in family structures and values.1) In some cultures, such as Filipinos, Vietnamese, Japanese, Latin Americans and Chinese, the family is the center of life and the main frame of reference for decisions; while in others, like Americans, the individual, not the family, is primary.2) In some cultures, the family’s reputation and honor depend on each person’s actions; in other cultures, individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life.3) Some cultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.Traditional Chinese family structure3. Comparing and Contrasting CulturesQuestions for discussion:1) In what aspects do you think our culture is different from othercultures?2) Do you sometimes compare one culture with another? If you do, howdo you usually do that?Please read over the article on pages 85-89, answer the comprehension questions:i) What is Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s value orientation?The Kluckhohns and Strodtbeck, after examining hundreds of cultures, reached the conclusion that people turn to their culture for answers to thefollowing questions. (1) What is the character of human nature? (2) What is the relation of humankind to nature? (3) What is the orientation toward time?(4)What is the value placed on activity? And (5) What is the relationship ofpeople to each other? The answers to these crucial questions serve as the bases for the five value orientations that are at the heart of their approach.These five orientations might best be visualized as points on a continuum. Itis talking about meaningful values found in all cultures.Human Nature Orientation: 1) evil, 2) evil and good, 3) good. Basically Evil: find evil and fight against it; punish bad behavior; save people from their evil nature. Stress the ability of people to change for th e better. Basically Good: protect people’s virtue;reward good behavior; find the most virtuous people as models. The direction of moral change is more likely to befrom good to bad.Mixture: Separate good from evil; identify strengths and weaknesses; reward the good and punish the bad.Man-nature Orientation: 1) human beings are subject to nature,2) cooperation view, 3) conquer and direct the forces of nature.Nature Controls: Accept fate; life is outside one’s control be humble.Human Controls: Make life comfortable and convenient; problems can be solved; be objective.Harmony: Live according to the rhythms of nature; everything has its own character;be balanced.Time Orientation: 1) past-orientated, 2) present-orientated, 3) future-orientated.Past: Tradition ——best teacher; events in the past is important today; the old are wise; break with the past to change society.Present: Pay attention to what is going on here and now; everything will happen in its time; events occur in cycles; look for causes in the present situation. Future: Control the future by planning for it; what is past is past and not important;the young know what is happening; study history to shape the future.Activity Orientation: 1) being orientation, 2) Being-in-becomingorientation, 3) doing orientation.Being: Protect dignity of both yours and others; fulfill one’s role; show who you are.Actions should be suitable to status, social roles and character. Payattention to people. e.g. job titles and what do you actually do? Growing: Develop one’s potential as a whole person; follow values and lifestyles appropriate to one’s stage in life; people change; pay attention topossibilities. More tolerant of how things are than is true.Doing: Achieve specific goals; develop procedures and measure results; qualitative outcomes measured quantitatively show what you can do; attention toactions.Relational (social) Orientation: 1) authoritarian culture, 2) collectiveculture, 3) individual culture.Hierarchy: Obey authority; know one’s place; treat others; according to their position;look to leaders to; know what to think and do.Group: Respond to what others think and feel; interdependent ; be loyal; look to others in the group to know what to think and do.Individual: Express one’s own feel ings and ideas; Be as independent and self-reliant as possible; make one’s own decisions and choices. Personalinitiative/professionalism highly valued.ii) Try to describe the value system of average Americans from the five orientationsHuman Nature: basically good (changeable)Man-nature: Man the master of natureTime: future-orientedActivity: action-orientedSocial: individualisticiii) How is the mainstream American culture different from the oriental culture, like Japanese culture?Homework: Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions (p99-105)Homework: Hall’s High-context and Low-context Cultures (p110-114)III. Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。
跨文化交际实用教程-unit3-文档资料
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CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
★Social functions of compliments ★Compliments and compliment responses ★Differences between Chinese and English
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Case 2. The Cancellation of the Dinner Party
Comment:
1.In New Zealand, a friend can openly provide constructive criticism. If Stan did not make such suggestions to a friend in his country, the friend would be angry that Stan did not help him when he had the chance.
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Case 1
On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for
the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people
are justly famous for throughout the world. I particularly want to pay tribute, not only to those who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to those who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
跨文化交际_Unit_3
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
Case 1 An Invitation to Dinner
Discussion: How would you mediate their strained relationship if you were the director?
wouldn’t mind if there were leftovers. Americans prepare food according to the
number of guests.
Page ▪ 8
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
Case 1 An Invitation to Dinner
Page ▪ 20
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ)
Social Functions of Compliments
1. Reinforce solidarity
2. Greeting people
3. Expressing thanks
4. Getting over embarrassment
Chinese are accustomed to respecting all those in authority
Page ▪ 15
Unit 3 Daily Verbal Communication (Ⅱ) Case 4 The Embarrassment Caused by “No Etiquette”
Sunday school noun ▪a class held on Sundays to teach children about Christianity主日学校，星期日学校（在 周日A对s儿en童se进o行f基b督el教on教g育in的g 学校）
跨文化交际课程unit3
The Chinese host often constantly puts the best pieces of food on the visitor's plate, which is an expression of hospitality. Westerners, on the other hand, usually leave the guest to help himself/herself and do not keep urging him/her to eat more. In China it is acceptable to leave unwanted food on the plate, whereas according to Western custom, it is impolite to do so.
How could you help "I" in this case out of the awkward situation?
精品文档
Case 2 Sitting Down
W: (Showing C the sofa) Sit down, please.
C: No, no. I'll sit here. (Moving towards a chair)
Intercultural Communication
Lecture 3: verbal communication
精品文档
Review
Code
Language code
Behaviour code Context
High-context communication Low-context communication
跨文化交际实用教程unit 3(课堂PPT)
★Common response formulas of English and
Chinese compliments
★Expressions of gratitude and apology in
English and Chinese
III. Case Study IV. Summary V. Assignments
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Case 3 Why should they do like this?
Comment: 1.The British people maintain their etiquette and
social manners even when they are very excited.
2.The Filipino couple did not introduce their Filipino friend to him
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II. Compliments
pliment and compliment responses
B. Social functions of compliments
C. Differences between Chinese compliments and English compliments (semantic formula and syntactic formula)
2.In Philippines, a person cannot be a friend and a critic at the same time , or at least not in public. Stan should find some other way (acceptable to the Filipinos) to voice his comments.
跨文化交际Unit3课件
Who is a friend?
What does a Frenchman mean when he says: “This is my good friend.” “This is my friend.”
Who is closer to him? Simple translation from one language to another is difficult.
Friendship, in contrast with kinship, is a matter of free choice
The sense of being a special individual Inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take
Individualism versus collectivism
The degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or the group Individualism:
e.g. Australia, Belgium, the Netherland, and the U.S. Collectivism:
110-115)
Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck’s Model
Five basic orientations:
Human nature: good / evil?
Relationship of man to nature: Man subjugated by nature; Man in harmony with nature; Man the master of nature
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The Semantic Formula
English compliments: Adjectives Verbs This was a great meal. You look so nice today. You did a good job.
I like your haircut. I love your glasses. I really enjoyed your class
同事，这两位男士竟先后冒出以上赞美之词。
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“I’ve been watching you all through lunch. You have a beautiful smile. It lights up the whole room.”（几位女士正在用餐，一位中年男性，
颇有中产阶级的绅士风度，走上前来，对其中一位说 道。）
C: It is taken as a kind of flirtation if a
man compliments a woman
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■ Chinese people compliment each other
much less frequently than westerners do. ■ Chinese people try to draw a line between compliment and flattery. ■ Chinese people interpret other’s positive compliments as a request for possessing something. Discussion: 1. Can you think out any compliments with Chinese characteristics? 2. Are you courageous enough to express compliments to a female about her appearance? (Ask a boy student)
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Chinese: ■ You V ADV You did the job well. ■ NP is ADJ Your coat is really beautiful. ■ PRO is ADJ NP That’s a wonderful wall calendar. ■ PRO V O You deserve being honored. ■ I like NP I like this picture.
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II. Compliments
pliment and compliment responses B. Social functions of compliments C. nces between Chinese compliments and English compliments (semantic formula and syntactic formula) D. Common response formulas in English and Chinese
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Case 2. The Cancellation of the Dinner Party Comment: 1.In New Zealand, a friend can openly provide constructive criticism. If Stan did not make such suggestions to a friend in his country, the friend would be angry that Stan did not help him when he had the chance. 2.In Philippines, a person cannot be a friend and a critic at the same time , or at least not in public. Stan should find some other way (acceptable to the Filipinos) to voice his comments.
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CONTENTS
I. Warm-up cases II. Detailed Study:
Compliments ★ Compliments and compliment responses ★ Social functions of compliments ★ Differences between Chinese and English compliments ★ Common response formulas of English and Chinese compliments ★ cultural assumptions Expressions of gratitude and apology in English and Chinese
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The Syntactic Formula
NP ADJ PRO V ADV English: NP is/looks really ADJ(53%) Your blouse looks beautiful. You are so efficient. O
I really like/love NP I really like your hardwood floors. That’s really a beautiful car.
室走去，迎面过来一位男同事，劈头盖脑地来一句赞 美。） “You certainly look elegant.”（一位女生 对一位女教师说道。）
“I’m very impressed with your figures.” “I’m very impressed with your figures, too.” (两位女士走进一家餐馆吃饭，恰好遇见两位男
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Response Formulas of E and C compliments
American English A: This is really a nice sweater. B: I’m glad you like it. A: You did a good job. B: Thank you/Thanks. Chinese: A: Your sweater is very good. B: I bought it only for ten yuan. A: You did the job very well. B: That’s the result of joint efforts./There’s still much room for improvement.
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Chinese compliments: Adjectives adverbs verbs Your skirt is very pretty. This room is really good. You’re really an experienced teacher. You did the job very well. You treat people sincerely. I especially like the color of your blouse. You deserve being praised.
“But these flowers are beautiful” “ I wish I could do as well!”
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Fishing for compliments
“ I really know little about the subject.”---“Well, I certainly don’t know anybody who knows more than you do!”
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Case 3 Why should they do like this?
Comment: 1.The British people maintain their etiquette and social manners even when they are very excited. 2.The Filipino couple did not introduce their Filipino friend to him.
III. Case Study IV. Summary V. Assignments
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I. Warm-up cases
Case 1. An Invitation to Dinner
Question : If you were the director and chosen to mediate this situation, what would you do to ensure not to offend either party? How would you explain Bart’s behavior to Manual? How would you explain Manual’s to Bart?
4.When immigrants meet in a foreign country, they tend to take no notice of their surroundings/people around, which is considered to be rude and requires attention.
3.The Filipinos were talking in their own native language. No doubt the British felt left out, which is unacceptable and rarely occurs on social occasions in Britain.
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Social functions of compliments