unit 4 单词详解

Unit 4 单词详解Part Onefulfill v.例句：This way of life no longer adequately fulfills the individuals concerned.这种生活方式已不再能使有关的人们满意。

fulfill a contract 履行合同fulfill a promise 履行承诺fulfill one’s responsibility 尽责fulfill doctor’s instruction 遵照医嘱fulfill one’s needs 满足需要fulfill a program 完成计划Shine a light on=Shed light on给带来…启示shed light on为…提供线索；对…透露情况；使…清楚地显出；阐明例句：Such missions could shed light on the origins of life in general.它们也能告诉人们生命起源的大致情况.Text 2innate a. 天生的；特有的，固有的the innate ability to learn 天生的学习能力例句：You obviously have an innate talent for music. 你显然有天生的音乐才能。

premier n.总理；首相adj.第一的，首位的；首要的His work on the causes of diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. 他对病因的研究对整个世界来说非常重要. notion n.概念，观念例句：He had no notion of running the risk. 他不想冒险。

近义词辨析idea：最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。

concept：指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。

thought：指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。

notion：指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。

Viewing / listeninginsight n.洞察力例句：Good teachers have insight into the problems of students. 好的教师能洞察学生的问题。

Gain an insight into one’s mind 洞悉某人的想法probe v.调查；打探；探究；探听例句：The more they probed into his background, the moreinflamed their suspicions would become.他们越调查他的背景，疑团就越多。

n. 太空探测器A space probePart Three1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更例句：There is something wrong with my layout, I have to alter it.单词辨析：alter,change,shift,convert的区别alter常用来表示轻微的、细节的改变，是自身细节上或外表的变化，而没有变成（change into）另一事物。

change这个词比较通用，可以指任何变化，也用于彻底改变，与原来完全不同。

它还可以作名词表示变化，以及零花钱。

shift表示变动的时候，多指位置、方向以及方式的改变。

它作名词时还可表示轮班、计谋、手段、变化等。

convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。

指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。

它作名词时就表示皈依者，或者改变信仰的人。

2.aptitude n .（学习方面的）才能，资质That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。

apt=fit/ability,表示"适应,能力"aptitude适应能力;才能(apt适应,能力+itude性质,状态→有能力的状态)adapt使适应,适应[环境] (ad一再+apt适应,能力→一再适应[环境])近义词gift, talent, competence,3. bombard v. 炮轰，轰击bomb n.I've been bombarded by the press and television since I came back from Norway.从挪威回来后我就一直被报纸和电视台的记者纠缠不休。

4. buckle vt.& vi.用搭扣扣紧；使…全力以赴n.搭扣，扣环Buckle oneself into the seat of the car.Everyone has got to buckle down to get ready for the press conference.buckle down全力以赴buckle up系安全带：系上安全带，尤指在汽车内5. cling to v. 紧紧抓住，依恋；坚持，墨守英语中表示坚持的词还有很多，如insist，persist, adhere等，它们的区别如下：cling 与to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。

adhere 也与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含有坚持不懈的意思。

insist 通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。

persist 用于褒义时指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。

persevere 含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。

cling的过去式和过去分词是clungcling to sth.=become attached to sth.例句：Don't cling to your old ideas, it's 21st century now!别老是守着你的陈旧思想，现在都21世纪了。

6. confine vt.限制；局限于；禁闭；管制n.界限，范围；国界They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.His mother confined him to his room for the weekend for failing to do his chores. 他妈妈周末不让他出门，因为他没做家务。

She has never experienced life beyond the confines of her ownclose-knit family.她从未经历过她那紧密团结的家庭以外的生活。

confined a. 狭窄的，有限的7. discipline vt.训练；使有纪律；n.训练；纪律, 学科military discipline 军事训练The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits.音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。

We're looking for people from a wide range of disciplines.我们需要各个学科的人才。

The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed...那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。

8. distinguish v. 区分，辨别--fromThese are some features that distinguish spoken English from written English.这是区别英语口语和书面语的一些特征。

She distinguished herself by her performance in the exam. 她以考试成绩优异而出众。

9. dwell v.居住；存在于；细想某事Sometimes his mind would dwell on the horrors he had been through. 有时他会老是想着他所经历过的种种恐怖。

A great number of water fowls dwell on the island. 许多水鸟在岛上栖息。

The principal dwelt on traffic safety in his talk. 校长在讲话中强调了交通安全。

dweller n. 居民dwelling n. 住处10. effect1. N-VAR 影响;效果;结果 The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing. Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behavior...父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为所产生的影响。

Even minor head injuries can cause long-lasting psychological effects.即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。

2. N-COUNT （刻意制造的）效果，印象 An effect is an impression that someone creates deliberately, for example in a place or in a piece of writing.The whole effect is cool, light and airy.整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。

3. VERB 使发生;实现 If you effect something that you are trying to achieve, you succeed in causing it to happen. Prospects for effecting real political change seemed to have taken a major step backwards.实现真正政治变革的机会似乎变得更加渺茫了。

11. electrified1. ADJ 通电的;带电的 An electrified fence or other barrier has been connected to a supply of electricity, so that a person or animal that touches it will get an electric shock.The house was set amid dense trees and surrounded by an electrified fence.那座房子坐落于茂密的树林中，四周布有带电围栏。