致用英语综合教程综合英语2教案综合英语2单元设计unit
Section One Around the topic
Step 1 Topic introduction:
The theme of this unit is relationships between friends, relatives, families and so on. The significance of this topic is for students to understand, maintain and appreciate relationships.
Step 2 Your ideas
1.Listen to the song. Fill the blanks in the lyrics while listening.
I believe I can love
You give me your loving care
I believe in what we are
I don’t know where I would be
Without you staying with me
Sometimes, I’m lost in misery
You will take me all the way
I’m not afraid
Oh, you and me
hand in hand to everywhere
Amazing be my friend, oh friend
We are forever friends
Oh baby
You give me all the love I need
You are the only one
Play the song twice constantly and then encourage students to tell the answer by themselves. Step 3 vocabulary
A.Work in pairs and think of as many English words as possible that have
meanings similar to friendly and unfriendly. Compare your list with another
pair
This is a pair-work task. Ask students to brainstorm as many related words as possible.
Then ask them to exchange opinions with other pairs. You may let them read out the
words they have got in front of the class.
B.The underlined adjectives in the sentences below are all about friendliness.
Read them and work out the meanings.
Ask students to read these sentences carefully and discuss their meanings in pairs. Have
them explain the meanings in English.
Answers:
Friendly: acting or ready to act as a friend
Sociable: fond of making friends with people and enjoying being with others
Amiable: having a pleasant and friendly nature; good tempered
Intimate: close in relationship
Close: near in relationship, friendship
Warm: friendly in a pleasant way
Step 4 discussion
Put the class into small groups. Each group selects one student to note down the opinions of each speaker. After the discussion, you may collect their ideas by having some students give a report. This can be really interesting when show diverse opinions.
1). In your opinion, what is a friend? What does friendship mean to you? What do you
think are the most important factors that can keep a long-lasting close relationship with your friends?
2). What about with your family members and relatives?
3). How can we make our close relationships last long?
Step 5 listening and speaking
A: Do you have family members, relatives or friends who live in a faraway place? What do you do to keep in touch with them? Do you do the following?
●phone them
●write letters to them
●send them recorded cassettes
●send them postcards
●have flowers or other gifts delivered to them
●e-mail them
●send them text messages
●visit them during holidays
●chat with them online
B: listening: John lives in Manchester. His sister, Mary, is studying French in Paris. She’s been there for five weeks. He wants to visit her in Paris and he wrote to her about it through an e-mail. He’s just received a message on the answer phone from her.
This activity involves skills of both speaking and listening. Use the questions in task A to start a talk among students. The items listed in the text can give students some topics for continuing their talk.
After the activity in task A, move on to the listening section. At the same time, ask students to pay attention to decide whether they are true or false. Have a class feedback when they finish. Section 2 Reading: Bonded by loops and flares
The text Bonded by loops and flares is taken from the newspaper International Herald Tribune, written by David Brooks. Students may find the ideas expressed in this article quite new. Ask students to read the text carefully and have them do exercises individually. When they finish, ask them to exchange and discuss the answers with their partners.
Step 1 Pre-reading questions
Read these questions and then put students into small groups for a brief discussion. Give them a few minutes to prepare. Ask one or two groups to tell the whole class their conclusions and reasons when they finish.
Do you think people’s perception and thinking are greatly influenced by others? If so, by whom are people most probably influenced? Discuss these questions in groups.
Step 2 Text illumination
1) Ask several students to read the whole text in order to check whether they preview the text
and get a general understanding about it or not beforehand.
2) Ask students to summarize the text
3) The teacher can put the comprehension check either before or after illuminating the text
according to the needs of class and the students’ comprehension ability.
4) Illuminate the text, during the process of which the teacher can encourage students to
highlight or underline the important parts when they read the text in detail. Try to explain that it can help students to grasp the important details and review important points Language points:
1. loop n. a shape like a curve or circle made by a line curving back towards itself 环形，圈状
基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
综合英语(第三册)
Unit 1 1.My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman. 1 我打算多听少说，希望没人注意到我是一个新生。 2.Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival. 11 是否受欢迎并不是那么重要，随波逐流也不再是大学里的生存法则。 3.This was my big chance to do my own thing, be my own woman — if I could get past my preoccupation with doing everything perfectly. 11 只要不再奢求每一件事情都要做得完美，我就可以在大学做自己想做的事情，成为真正的自己。 Unit 3 1.Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating. 3 对于我国国人来说，食物是生活中最大的乐事之一，它需要提前考虑，在准备的过程中要充满爱意和细心，在最后的享用阶段要花费大量时间。
综合英语第三册unit-2 课后答案
Section Four Consolidation Activities I. Vocabulary 1. Word Derivation 1) widow n.→ widowed a. ①她守寡十年了。 She has been a widow for ten years. ②一个寡母要抚养四个孩子长大成人确实不易。 It’s really not easy for a widowed mother to rear up four children. 2)nerve n.→ nervous a.→ nerveless a. ①当赛车手要有胆量。 It takes nerve to be a racing driver. ②她胆怯地一笑。 She gave a nervous laugh. ③刀子从她那无力的手中落下。 The knife fell from her nerveless fingers. 3)precise a.→precision n. → precisely adv. ①那东西正好在她遗落的那个地点找到了。 It was found at the precise spot where she had left it. ②你的报告不够准确。 Y our report lacks precision. ③那正是我的意思。 That is precisely what I mean. 4)compete v.→ competitive a.→ competition n. ①几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。 Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract. ②我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。 Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. ③他获诗歌比赛第一名。 He came first in the poetry competition. 5)execute v.→ execution n. ①他因叛国罪被处死。 He was executed for treason. ②这些计划最终得以实施。 The plans were finally put into execution. 6) preside v.→ president n.→ presidency n. ①首相主持内阁会议。 The Prime Minister presides at meetings of the Cabinet. ②他被任命为板球俱乐部会长。 He was made president of the cricket club.
《综合英语4》课程教学大纲
《综合英语4》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程代码： 课程名称：综合英语4 课程英文名称：Comprehensive English4 开课部门：外国语学院 课程面向专业：英语 课程类型：学科基础课 学分：6学分 总学时：96学时 二、课程简介 本课程主要通过语言基础训练与篇章讲解分析，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达方式和特点，扩大词汇量和熟悉英语常用句型，具备基本的口头与笔头表达能力。 三、教学目的、要求与方法 （一）教学目的 本课程以课文为中心，侧重阅读和写作技能训练，但也不偏废听、说训练。在该课程的教学过程中对语言的控制逐步减少，而对学生创造力的发挥不断加强。本课程通过语言基础训练、相关文化背景知识介绍、语篇讲解以及各种文体的写作方法与技巧分析，使学生逐步提高语篇阅读理解能力，了解英语各种文体的表达和特点，扩大词汇量，具备基本的口头与笔头表达能力。 （二）教学要求 学生通过积极参与各种语言交际活动，获得基本的交际技能，了解基础阶段所需掌握的基本词汇、短语、修辞以及语法知识，达到本阶段应有的听、说、读、写、译等技能的要求。 四、学时分配
五、教学环节与教学要求 本课程在讲授过程中采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，同时加强基础训练。 六、课程考核 1、平时成绩（包括课堂表现、课外作业）占 20% 2、期末考试占 80% 七、教材及主要参考资料 （一）建议教材 何兆熊主编，《综合教程》学生用书（4），上海：上海外语教育出版社（选用最新版本）。（二）主要参考资料 何兆熊主编，《综合教程》教师用书（4），上海：上海外语教育出版社，（选用最新版本）。 朗文出版公司编，《朗文当代英语辞典》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1997。 霍恩比著，《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第四版增补本，北京：商务印书馆，2002。
新标准综合英语第三册答案
新标准综合英语第三册答案 Unit 1 Active reading(1) 3 1.(b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6.(a) .resistance 4.ambitious 6.script 7. impressive (1)attendance (2)ambitious (3)productive(4)impressive (5)resistance (6) script (7) acceptance 1.mortgage 2.deck 4.costal; 1.(b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (b) Active reading (2) (1)triple (2)cemetery (3)rear(4)biography(5)cram (6)budding(7)finite (8) elapse ; cemetery ; ; biography 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a)
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9.(a) Language in use late-night party 2. a well-stocked library 3. a world-famous professor 4. some well-timed advice 5. rapidly-growing population 6. a free-market economy 7. a half-hour boat trip ’s how we behave that determines what other people think of us. ’s what our character is that usually determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing. isn’t always what marks weget at university that determine what we do as a career. is often what we experienced in our childhood that determines how we react to life’s problems. ’s what our genetic clock is and what changes we make to it that determine when we die. wasn’t just that the shops were all closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the street. wasn’t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a first-class degree. wasn’t just thatthey weren’t listening to what he said, butit seemed as if they weren't at all interested. wasn’t just thatI was upset，but I felt as if I was gomg to burst out
致用英语综合教程综合英语2教案综合英语2教案unit(2)
Period One – Around the Topic Period Length: 50 minutes Goals Period Length: 50 minutes Goals -Activate background knowledge about work Purposes -Get familiar with vocabulary related with work -Obtain background knowledge about curiosity and being inquisitive Step 1: Vocabulary (20 minutes) -Ask students to work on the Vocabulary on Page 150 -Encourage students to think as more as possible -List these word on the board or screen Step 2: Discovery and Discussion (30 minutes) -Work on the activity on Pages 150 & 151 as a whole and give explanations if necessary to understand the necessity of work -Discuss the issue of work with reference to the questions listed on Pages 150 & 151 -Ask each group to present their results in front Key points -All activities be carried out in English -Inspect each group for the purpose of guidance and promotion Homework -Think in depth the advantages and disadvantages of being curious
研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.
翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament . However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also to ld that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow t hrough because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career -oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要
大学英语综合教程第三册
大学综合教程中的好东西（3） 一：the weak can never forgive.forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. 二．harmony makes small things grow,lack of it makes great things decay. 三．a wise man will make haste to forgive,because he knows the true value of time,and will not suffer it to pass away in unnecessary pain. 四：the purpose of life is a life of purpose 五：we make a living by what we get,we make a life by what we give 六：live as you were to die tomorrow,learn as if you were to live forever 七：a man who dares to waste one hour of time has not not discovered the value of life. 八：always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any one thing.九：success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it. 十：self-trust is the first secret of success 十一：success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm. 十二：try not to become a man of success but rather to become a man of value. 十三：laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. 十四：what seems to us as bitter trials are often blessings in disguise. 十五：a pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity,an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. 十六：optimism is the faith that leads to achievement,nothing can be done without hope and confidence. 十七：character,in the long run,is the decisive factor in the life of an individual and of nations alike.十八：we must remember that intelligence is not enough,intelligence plus character -that is the true goal of education. 十九：trust men and they will be true to you,treat them greatly,and they will show themselves great.二十：honesty is the first chapter of the book of wisdom. 二十一：every child is an artist,the problem is how to remain an artist once he grows up. 二十二：the world is but a canvas to the imagination. 二十三：happiness is not in the mere possession of money,it lies in the joy of achievement,in the thrill of creative effort. 二十四：imagination is the beginning of creation,you imagine what you desire,you will what you imagine and at last you create what you will 二十五：many hands make light work. 二十六：if everyone is moving forward together,the success takes care of itself. 二十七：talent wins games,but teamwork and intelligence win championships. 二十八：a great person attracts great people and knows how to hold them together 二十九：smooth seas do not make skillful sailors. 三十：when it is dark enough,you can see the stars. 三十一：adversity is the first path to truth. 三十二：if we had no winter,the spring would not be so pleasant,if we did not sometimes taste of adversity,prosperity would not be so welcome 谭礼斌 Shaanxi university of science and technology
全新版大学英语综合教程第三册教案-Unit-2
Unit 2Civil Right Heroes Ⅰ. Teaching Plan & Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground Railroad); 2.learn to use library resources and other resources for information; 3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; 4.[ 5.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. Principles: stimulating, motivating, facilitating, enabling Task–based:reading, writing, discussing, practicing, commenting, criticizing, evaluating, recreating, investigating, searching for resources, case studying, presenting and demonstrating, deducting, inducting, etc. < 1. T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: (5 minutes)
新编实用英语综合教程(第四版)Unit2教案详解
江西外语外贸职业学院教案备课纸（2）
江西外语外贸职业学院教案备课纸（3） 主任审阅____________________ 授课教师____________________ 年月日年月日
江西外语外贸职业学院教案备课纸（4） 授课内容 Unit 2 Section I Talking Face to Face The topic of talking face to face area in this unit is to express thanks and give responses while exchanging gift-card and congratulation card. The focus is on the patterns that are appropriate for giving information concerning the various reasons and hoping to get the forgiveness from the other person. 1. The students read the mini-talks after the teacher, and then try to recite them within five minutes in pairs. 2. Ask the students to underline the useful expressions and perform the mini-talks in class. 3. The students discuss in groups, summarizing the words, phrases and sentences frequently used according to the following topics with the help of the teacher. The students speak out the sentences under the guidance of the teacher, paying attention to the pronunciation and the intonation. 1) sentences frequently used for expressing thanks: It was so generous of you to send me such a fine and beautiful gift. I don’t know how to express my thanks to you. I’m grateful for all the help and encouragement you’ve given me. 2) Sentences frequently used for expressing congratulations: Congratulations on your recent promotion! Please accept my heartiest congratulations.
研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理
Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者） 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人） 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.360docs.net/doc/6e10384360.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相
综合英语第三册第九单元课后答案
Unit 9 Chinese Food Text comprehension I. B II. TTTFT III. omitted IV. 1. Food to us Chinese is one of the greatest joys in life: it is thought about before being prepared; it is treated with lots of love and care while being prepared; and when it is ready, a great deal of time is devoted to enjoying it. 2. The main reason for the sudden and tremendous popularity of chinese food throughout the whole Western world lies in two facts: One is the increased desire for sensual pleasures (which is abundant in Chinese food) and freedom from age-old customs in the West; the other is the notion of physical pleasure provided by Chinese food, which is always ready to satisfy the taste of the eater. Vocabulary I. 1 emotional strength to do what one believes to be right. 2 material used to produce power; something used to keep the body functioning 3 lower-class type 4 a number of dishes that are served one after another in an orderly way 5. by themselves II. 1 fastidious; 2 ecstasies; 3 lavish; 4 elusive; 5 phenomenal; 6 proceeding; 7 enterprise; 8 contrived III. 1 disregard; 2 authoritative; 3 ubiquity; 4 desirable; 5 piquancy; 6 ceremonially 7. gluttonous; 8 derivation IV. 1 come off; 2 conform to; 3 derives/derived... from; 4 attend to; 5 sprung up; 6 came about; 7 proceed with; 8 lavishing...on V. 1. distantly (indifferently) 2. epicure 3. fundamental (primary, principal) 4. produce (make) 5. affirm (state) 6. mix (intermingle, combine) 7. change (modify, adjust) 8. provocative (sharp, pungent) VI. 1 explains; 2 accidentally found; 3 discuss with; 4 start; 5 played a prominent role in 6 think about it carefully 7 consumed part of; 8 interrupting