南昌大学内科学2009年考博真题试卷
主治医师 (内科学)-2009年历年真题精选
主治医师 (内科学)-2009年历年真题精选1、类风湿关节炎的遗传易感基因是A.HLA-B27B.HLA-DR2C.HLA-DR3D.HLA-DR4E.HLA-DR52、关于NSAIDs类药物的副作用哪一项错误A.胃出血B.胃穿孔C.肾间质性损害D.肌肉溶解E.胃溃疡3、类风湿关节炎的诊断标准中关于X线表现的最低要求是A.骨质疏松和关节间隙变窄B.滑膜炎C.血管翳D.骨质疏松E.骨性强直4、关于狼疮带试验的叙述不正确的是A.用间接免疫荧光法B.取腕上方伸侧的正常皮肤C.取红斑皮损部位的皮肤D.真皮与表皮交界处可见IgG沉积带E.真皮与表皮交界处可见IgM沉积带5、抗磷脂抗体与以下哪些病症有关A.血小板减少B.血栓C.习惯性流产D.狼疮脑病E.以上都是6、关于ANA的叙述不正确的是A.可见于正常人B.＞1∶20即有诊断意义C.可见于SLED.可见于慢性活动性肝炎E.其效价与病情活动程度不平行7、SLE可检测到的自身抗体中与习惯性流产有关的是A.抗RNP抗体B.抗Sm抗体C.抗SSA抗体D.抗ACL抗体E.抗ds-DNA抗体8、SLE可检测到的自身抗体中与新生儿狼疮有关A.抗SSA抗体B.抗SSB抗体C.抗ACL抗体D.抗Sm抗体E.抗RNP抗体9、用乳胶凝集法测定的RF是哪一种类型A.IgM-RFB.IgG-RFC.IgA-RFD.IgD-RFE.IgE-RF10、类风湿关节炎患者出现颈痛、双手感觉异常和力量减弱、腱反射亢进、Hoffman征阳性应首选下列哪种检查A.ESRB.CRPC.RFD.摄颈椎正侧位X片E.颈椎CT11、妊娠可诱发SLE活动，特别在A.妊娠早期B.妊娠中期C.妊娠晚期D.妊娠早期和产后6周E.妊娠晚期和产后6周12、糖皮质激素通过胎盘时可被灭活，但下列哪项除外A.泼泥松B.甲基泼尼松C.氢化可的松D.可的松E.地塞米松和倍他米松13、能控制肾小球内高压的药物是B.β受体阻滞剂C.钙通道阻滞剂D.利尿剂E.ACE抑制剂14、慢性肾衰竭时高血压的发生机制，下列哪项是正确的A.肾素-管紧张素水平增高B.血容量扩张C.血容量与肾素-血管紧张素平衡失调D.激肽系统的作用E.交感神经兴奋性改变15、慢性肾衰竭维持性透析治疗的指征A.血肌酐＞350μmol／LB.血肌酐＞442μmol／LC.血肌酐＞530μmol／LD.血肌酐＞707μmol／LE.血肌酐＞884μmol／L16、糖尿病肾病合并高血压患者，宜首先使用A.α受体阻滞剂C.钙通道阻滞剂D.利尿剂E.ACE抑制剂17、下列哪一项不是术后必需紧急施行透析的指征A.因容量负荷过重而引起的心力衰竭B.未能纠正的严重酸中毒C.经治疗无效的高钾血症D.经治疗无效的低钠血症致脑水肿E.血肌酐达440μmol／L18、尿毒症患者，下列哪些症状与继发性甲旁亢无关A.心包炎B.皮肤瘙痒C.肾性骨营养不良症D.胃肠道症状E.神经系统症状19、我国慢性肾衰竭最常见的病因为A.慢性肾小球肾炎B.糖尿病肾病C.狼疮肾炎D.高血压肾病E.梗阻性肾病20、根据上述临床表现，下列哪种诊断可能A.高血压脑病B.低钙血症抽搐C.脑卒中D.尿毒症脑病E.Adams-Stokes综合征21、为确诊应立即做何检查A.头颅CT检查B.骨髓检查C.脑脊液检查D.肾功能检查E.24小时动态心电图检查22、当患者再次出现抽搐时，应立即采取的治疗措施A.静脉滴注硝普钠B.静脉推注5％葡萄糖酸钙C.静脉推拄25％甘露醇D.静脉推注安定E.静脉推注肾上腺素23、目前该患者不宜使用的降压药A.血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂B.β受体阻滞剂C.α受体阻滞剂D.利尿剂E.钙通道阻滞剂24、引起急性肾炎水肿的主要机制是A.全身毛细血管通透性增加B.肾小球滤过率下降C.大量蛋白尿导致低蛋白血症D.抗利尿激素分泌过多E.血压增高引起急性心衰25、慢性肾炎高血压与高血压肾病鉴别，后者较突出表现是A.高血压B.肾小管功能受损早于肾小球功能受损C.贫血D.肾功能减退E.少量蛋白尿26、慢性肾小球肾炎治疗的主要目的是A.消除管型B.消除蛋白尿C.消除血尿D.延缓肾功能减退E.控制高血压27、诊断急性肾炎最重要的依据是A.高血压B.水肿C.血尿D.中等量以上的蛋白尿E.尿比重下降28、急性肾小球肾炎肾活检电镜检查的典型变化为A.上皮细胞下驼峰状电子致密物B.上皮细胞足突广泛融合C.上皮下多数电子致密物D.系膜区、内皮下伴上皮电子致密物E.系膜区，有时还可在内皮下见到电子致密物29、对诊断IgA肾病价值最大的是A.蛋白尿B.血尿C.有前驱感染D.肾小球系膜区IgA沉积E.血IgA升高30、肾病综合征最常见的并发症是A.感染B.急性肾衰竭C.高血压D.低血容量性休克E.血栓形成15×109/LE.出血严重，多发于内脏感染，败血症。
南昌大学医学院各科室历年考研复试真题
南昌大学2013-2018复试真题
一、内科
【一】心内科
2018年南昌大学第一附属医院心内科复试真题
（一）名词解释
1.高血压急症
2.预激综合征
3.病态窦房结综合征（SSS）
4.缺血性心肌病
5.X综合征
（二）简答题（学硕选1，2，3，4，5；专硕选1，2，3，6，7）
1.急性冠脉综合征的病理生理学过程定义
2.慢性心衰的治疗原则
3.非瓣膜病房颤患者卒中风险CHA2DS2-VASC评分系统（房颤新指南内容）
4.舒张期隆隆样杂音可见于哪些疾病
5.心衰的Killip分级
6.急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死的PCI适应证
7.心脏再同步化治疗（CRT）的适应证
（三）心电图分析
1.患者，男，16岁，反复发作晕厥（阵发性室上速心电图）
2.患者，男，60岁，胸痛，CVP+4cmH20；BP:80/50mmHg（下壁心肌梗死心电图）
2018年南昌大学第二附属医院心内科复试真题
（一）名词解释
1.SAM现象
2.Beck三联症
3.法洛四联症
4.心力衰竭
5.心脏压塞
（二）简答题
1.ACS病理变化
2.继发性高血压常见病因
3.NYHA心衰分级
4.预激综合症心电图表现
5.心内科侵入性检查有哪些
6.洋地黄中毒临床表现及处理原则。
考博内科学真题
呼吸内科1、名词解释Ⅰ、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭社区性肺炎PET/CTPACAP/HAPPTE/PEILD/IPF简答或问答题试述一位内科医生对痰性状的仔细观察对于疾病诊断的临床意义。
试述肺气肿的治疗原则及具体措施。
慢性阻塞性肺病按其临床表现特征可分为哪些类型？其主要病理变化有何不同？（10分）COPD肺动脉高压形成有哪些主要因素？如何确定是否有肺动脉高压？（15分）试述慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期的并发症。
肺心病患者应用洋地黄的指征哮喘的分级及治疗前的临床表现临床上心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘应如何鉴别？PTE的临床表现肺癌的早期征象有哪些？（10分）早期肺癌的检查方法和诊断依据。
哪些情况应视为肺癌的可疑对象应进行排癌检查，以便早期诊断。
（20分）副癌综合症的临床表现有哪些？（15分）试述右侧胸腔大量积液的临床特征ARDS的治疗原则是什么？（10分）感染性休克（休克性肺炎）的治疗原则感染性休克的诊断及治疗原则呼吸衰竭的定义及分类慢性呼吸衰竭可归纳为哪两大类型？其病理生理有何不同？试述慢性呼吸衰竭的分类及各类型的主要病理生理基础，简述各类的处理原则。
（20分）列举呼吸衰竭时的临床表现及其基本治疗措施。
（15分）阻塞性呼吸暂停综合症的定义.急性呼吸窘迫综合征的定义及其诊断标准.肺炎的分类慢性阻塞性肺疾病要与哪些疾病相鉴别，试述其鉴别要点。
ARDS诊断定义有关ARDS方面的试述低氧血症和高碳酸血症的发生机制。
心血管内科1、名词解释高血压危象心室重构心房电重构胰岛素抵抗存活心肌二联律法则2、简答或问答题试述心血管系统疾病的常见症状与体征。
心力衰竭的诱因慢性心力衰竭的病因，心力衰竭的分级的治疗原则β-受体阻滞剂和ACEI治疗心力衰竭的要点试述近10年来慢性心功能不全的治疗进展。
慢性心衰近10年的治疗进展。
今后20年，心衰治疗的的重点应包括哪些内容？急性左心衰竭的病理、临床表现处理原则。
请列举治疗急性左心衰的具体措施，并说明各项措施的治疗一以及有关注意事项。
医学博士考试01-06试题 加详解
2000FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER TWO31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.B46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.C51.C 52.B 53.D 54.A55.C 56.D 57.D 58.C59.C 60.C 61.D 62.D63.A 64.B 65.D 66.D67.C 68.B 69.C 70.A71.C 72.C 73.C 74.D 75.D2001FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）PAPER ONE1.A2.C3.D4.B5.A6.A7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11. PAPER TWO1.C2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C 10.D 11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D 21.D 22.C 23.A 24.C 25.C 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A31.C 32.A 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.C 38.C 39.D 40.B 41.C 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.B46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.A51.C 52.A 53.A 54.D55.D 56.C 57.A 58.A59.C 60.C 61.D 62.A63.B 64.D 65.D 66.C67.A 68.A 69.D 70.D71.C 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.A2002FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.C9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.A 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.C 30.B31.B 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.D40.D41.B 42.D 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.A 48.B 49.A50.B51.B 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.C 59.A60.A61.A 62.D 63.D 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.D 68.A 69.C70.C71.B 72.A 73.A 74.A 75.A 76.B 77.C 78.B 79.C80.D81.C 82.B 83.D 84.D 85.D 86.A 87.B 88.C 89.A 90.D2003FA TMD医学博士研究生入学外语考试――英语参考答案（部分）1.D 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.A16.C 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.C 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.D31.A 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.A 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.D 46.B 47.D 48.D 49.C 50.A51.B 52.A 53.C 54.A 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.C 59.B60.A61.C 62.B 63.C 64.B 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.D 69.A70.B71.D 72.A 73.D 74.C 75.D 76.B 77.D 78.C 79.C80.A81.A 82.A 83.D 84.C 85.B 86.B 87.C 88.A 89.D 90.B2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.C 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.A21.A 22.B 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.C31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.B41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.D 50.A51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.A 59.B 60.C61.D 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.C 69.D 70.B71.B 72.D 73.B 74.C 75.B 76.B 77.A 78.D 79.A 80.B81.B 82.D 83.C 84.C 85.A 86.B 87.D 88.A 89.A 90.D2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CACDA6-10CDBCB11-15CADBA16-20DDBCB21-25ABCBD26-30CCDAD31-35CABAA36-40CADAD41-45BACBA46-50ABDCC51-55BACBA56-60ACBCB61-65BCBBC66-70BDABC71-75CACBB76-80CACBB81-85CBACD86-90ADBCC2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案31-40 CDCCB BCBDA41-50 ACACA ACDDB51-60 BCACA AADBC61-70 DDDDA ACABD71-80ACCCC BCAAD81-90DBDBD DDBBC2001part III vocabulary(15%)1.we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly____A.feedB.maintainC.absorbD.consume2.pleasure,or joy, is vital to ____health. vital.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的A.optimistic pessimistic悲观的B.optional可选择的, 随意的C.optimal最佳的, 最理想的near optimal近似最佳D.operational3.A ____ effort is required to achieve health.mitted 承担义务的；忠于既定立场的；坚定的B.restrictedposed镇静的, 沉着的D.sophisticated诡辩的, 久经世故的4.A person’s belief ____ and colors his experience.A.contradicts vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触contradict a statement驳斥一项声明contradict oneself自相矛盾B.shapes shape the destiny of决定...的命运C.summarizes概述, 总结, 摘要而言D.exchanges交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易.exchange experience 交流经验5.Many professors encourage students to question and ____ their idearsA.convey vt.搬运, 传达, 转让I can't convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。
博士内科学试题及答案
博士内科学试题及答案考试时间：180分钟总分：100分第一部分：选择题（共80分）请将以下题目中最合适的答案填入答题卡上对应的编号处。
1. 下列哪种疾病最容易导致高血压？A. 糖尿病B. 高尿酸血症C. 肺炎D. 慢性肾脏病2. 人体内哪个器官负责产生胰岛素？A. 胰脏B. 肝脏C. 肾脏D. 心脏3. 白内障是由于眼睛中哪个部分出现混浊而引起的？A. 虹膜B. 角膜C. 晶状体D. 视网膜4. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）主要表现为下列哪个症状？A. 呼吸困难B. 头痛C. 肌肉疼痛D. 口干舌燥5. 糖尿病最常见的并发症是下列哪一项？A. 肾病B. 高血压C. 心脏病D. 癌症6. 下列哪种药物可用于治疗抑郁症？A. 维生素CB. 阿司匹林C. 抗生素D. 抗抑郁药物7. 食物中所含的哪种营养素对骨骼生长发育至关重要？A. 维生素AB. 维生素BC. 维生素CD. 维生素D8. 下列哪个指标可以用于评估人体肥胖程度？A. 体重B. 身高C. 体脂肪率D. 血压9. 人体最大的器官是哪个？A. 肺B. 肝脏C. 皮肤D. 心脏10. 心肌梗死是由于下列哪个原因引起的？A. 血栓形成B. 细菌感染C. 高血压D. 高血糖第二部分：问答题（共20分）请回答以下问题，尽量详细地给出正确答案。
1. 乙肝病毒感染后，人体为何会产生乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）？2. 红斑狼疮是一种自身免疫性疾病，它主要影响哪些器官？3. 血液中的白细胞主要有哪几种类型？它们分别起到什么作用？4. 请简要介绍一下支气管哮喘的常见症状和发病机制。
5. 心电图是一种常用的心脏疾病诊断方法，请简述它的原理和常见结果的分析。
第三部分：综合题（共分两题，每题各占10分）题目1：阐述高血压的危害和预防措施。
题目2：介绍糖尿病的发病机制及治疗方法。
请根据题目要求，逐一回答。
考试结束，祝你取得优异的成绩！。
2009年全国医学博士统一考试英语试题
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. A. John failed the exam.B. John didn’t take the exam.C. John passed the exam, but scored low.D. It took John a long time to pass the exam.2. A. To travel by train. B. To go by Taxi.C. To go hiking.D. To rent a car.3. A. 1-231-555-1212. B. 1-213-555-2112.C. 1-213-555-1212.D. 1-231-555-2112.4. A. Morning sickness. B. A frequent headache.C. A pain in her right leg.D. A boring hospitalization.5. A. Doctor and patient. B. Boss and secretary.C. Agent and customers.D. Driver and passenger.6. A. To buy another pair of shoes. B. To help his brother right away.C. To turn to his brother for help.D. To seek advice from the woman.7. A. He is offering a piece of advice. B. He is examining a patient.C. He is attending his daughter.D. He is taking a patient’s history.8. A. To ask the man to call her back. B. To go to the botanic garden.C. To do some gardening.D. To play tennis.9. A. Louise is not a new comer.B. Louise loves being a nurse.C. Louise did a lot of work for the man.D. Louise has been waiting for a long time.10. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Seven.11. A. She was thrown out of the car.B. She was knocked down by a car.C. She hit her head on the steering wheel.D. She got the steering wheel in her chest.12. A. She overacted to the man. B. She cried over her failure.C. She made a success of diet.D. She was jealous of the man.13. A. He hates those who fool around. B. He will never try the stuff.C. He will shoot any drug dealer.D. he regrets tried the stuff.14. A. The opposite to the man’s expectation.B. A quicker recovery than expected.C. A pair of mismatching boots.D. her healthy pregnancy.15. A. He will do as requested. B. He will not join the team.C. The woman is crazy about him.D. The woman has trouble standing. Section BDialogue16. A. for the purpose of diagnosis confirmation.B. For the possibility of legal trouble.C. For the doctor’s investigation.D. For the patient’s further use..17. A. He has got cancer in his pancreas. B. He falls with a stomach problem.C. he suffers from fatigue.D. He has a loss of weight.18. A. See a dietician B. Have an operation.C. Start chemotherapy.D. Take medications for pain relief.19. A. A couple of years. B. more than five years.C. A couple of months.D. Approximately 5 years.20. A. Suspicious. B. Anxious C. Hesitant. D. Factual. Passage One21. A. Life evolution. B. Space exploration.C. Extraterrestrial life.D. Unknown flying objects.22. A. His 50th birthday.B. NASA’s 50th anniversary.C. The university’s 50th anniversary.D. The US Cosmology Association’s 50th anniversary.23. A. Even primitive life is impossible. B. Intelligent life is fairly common.C. Intelligent life is less likely.D. Any form of life is possible.24. A. Nuclear weapons. B. Alien kidnapping.C. human extinction.D. Dangerous infection.25. A. Ironic. B. Negative C. Indifferent D. Supportive. Passage Two26. A. Obese people need more food.B. Obese people require more fuel.C. Obesity contributes to global warming.D. Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.27. A. Limited living space.B. Crowded shopping mall.C. Food shortage and higher energy prices.D. Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.28. A. Over 700 millions. B. Over 400 millions.C. Over 2.3 billions.D. Over 3 billions.29. A. 1800 calories. B. 1280 calories.C. 1680 calories.D. 2960 calories.30. A. Climate change. B. The fall of food prices.C. A rise in energy prices.D. An increasing demand for food.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section A31. The ______ conditions and places are likely to cause diseases.A. insanitaryB. insidiousC. insaneD. inefficacious32. The witness was ________ by the judge for failing to answer the question.A. abstainedB. acquittedC. admonishedD. adduced33. He has _________ two cars this year because of traffic accidents.A. pulled offB. worn outC. passed outD. written off34. People are much better informed since the _________ of the internet.A. convenienceB. adventC. interfaceD. aftermath35. All instruments that come into contact with the patient must be ________ before being used by others.A. sterilizedB. labeledC. quarantinedD. retained36. By adopting this cunning policy, the clinic risks _______ many of its patients.A. acquittingB. allocatingC. alleviatingD. alienating37. Humor can also be a powerful ________ against stress and misfortune.A. braveryB. blossomC. bufferD. buffet38. Diabetes upsets the _________ of sugar, fat and protein.A. metastasisB. metabolismC. malaiseD. maintenance39. The muscular ___________ can affect the way we feel mentally.A. potencyB. fiberC. lethargyD. synthesis40. Evidence is widespread that HIV-infected persons show to ______ their unsafe behavior.A. respond toB. reflect onC. wipe outD. put offSection B41. Memory can both be enhanced and impaired by the use of drugs.A. inhibitedB. injuredC. inducedD. intervened42. Is it true that this is the major drawback of the new medical plan.A. defectB. assistanceC. culpritD. triumph43. The physician was becoming exasperated by all the questions they were asking.A. frustratedB. perplexedC. irritatedD. crippled44. We were shocked at the physician’s callous disregard for the human dimension of medicine.A. involuntaryB. apparentC. deliberateD. indifferent45. For years, biologists have known that chimpanzees and even some monkeys produce a pantingSound akin to human laughter.A. rockingB. gaspingC. vibratingD. resonating46. Everybody at the party was in a very relaxed and jolly mood.A. rejoicingB. reconcilingC. refreshingD. resenting47. The bacterial infection is curable with judicious use of antibiotics.A. impudentB. imprudentC. purulentD. prudent48. He tried to run, but he was hampered by his broken leg.A. endangeredB. enduredC. encounteredD. encumbered49. The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.A. consecutiveB. conductiveC. considerateD. considerable50. The idea of correcting the defective genes is not particularly controversial in the scientific community.A. inevitableB. applicableC. disputableD. incrediblePart III Cloze (10%)Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Games provide a quick escape from ___51___. Game developers are the new breed ofstorytellers, creating alternative ___52___. Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot.And now the newest technologies allow you to play games no matter where you are. At home, we have PC or video game consoles. ___53__, a desktop or laptop computer can be loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Even while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable game devices, wireless phones and PDAs ___54___.Games are now pushing back all the ___55___ once placed upon them by technology, category, realism, location and time. These advances are helping to push games into the ___56___ of visual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging, the graphic aspects of the game quickly ___57___. Initially, electronic involved ___58___ moving blocks across a TV or computer screen. ___59___ the vast increases in processing power, games are quickly approaching three-dimensional realism. This power allows a developer to create a ___60___ world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.51. A. society B. reality C. dream D. illusion52. A. approaches B. characters C. worlds D. mazes53. A. In general B. At present C. In reality D. At work54. A. to choose from B. to choose C. choosing from D. chosen55. A. defects B. drawbacks C. limitations D. disadvantages56. A. room B. realm C. range D. boundary57. A. evolve B. evolving C. evolved D. evolve58. A. simply B. readily C. exceptionally D. simultaneously59. A. Aiding by B. To aid by C. Aided by D. To be aided by60. A. human B. original C. realistic D. microscopicPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneToo much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that the moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers.Researchers at the National Institute for the Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately --- defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day --- had an IQs that was 3.3 points higher than men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2.5 points higher than female teetotalers.The type of alcohol didn’t influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake.The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent.“It’s very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,”says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. “we screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake.”Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese normally consume or buy. Shimkata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain.If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimkata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries.The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.61.The Japanese study was carried out on .A. the development of IQB. the secrete of longevityC. the brain food in a glassD. the amount of healthy drinking62. The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ inA. female teetotalers than in male onesB. female drinkers than in male onesC. moderate drinkersD. Teetotalers63.When he says that it is very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that_________.A. the study failed to involve such variables as income and educationB. he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC. there are some other contributing factorsD. the results were just misleading64.From Shimokata’s mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancingA. sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheeseB. they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC. they are not as effective as sake and wineD. sake or wine is not alone65.Based on the study, Shimokata would say thatA. intelligence improves with ageB. IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC. polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brainD. alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentPassage TwoWomen do not avoid fighting because they are dainty or scared, but because they have a greater stake than men in staying alive to rear their offspring. Women compete with each other just as tenaciously as men, but with a stealth and subtlety that reduces their chances of being killed or injured, says Anne Campbell of the department of psychology at the university of Durham.Across almost all cultures and nationalities, men have a much smaller role than women in rearing children. “Males go for quantity of children rather than quality of care for offspring, which means that the parental investment of women is much greater,” says Campbell. And unlike men, who can’t be sure that their children have not been fathered on the sly by other men, women can always be certain that half an offspring’s genes are theirs.Women have therefore evolved a stronger impulse than men to see their children grow up into adults. Men’s psychological approach is geared to fathering as many children as possible.To make this strategy work and to attract partners, men need to establish and advertise their dominance over rival males. Throughout evolution this has translated into displays of male aggression, ranging in scale from playground fights to world wars.Men can afford to take more risks because as parents they are more expendable. Women, meanwhile, can only ensure reproductive success by overseeing the development of their children, which means avoiding death.“ The scale of parental investment drives everything,” says Campbell. “ It’s not that women are too scared to fight,” she says. “It’s more to do with the positive value of staying alive, and women have an awfully big stake notjust in offspring themselves but in offspring they might have in the future,’ she says.This means that if women do need to compete—perhaps for a partner—they choose low-risk rules of engagement. They use indirect tactics, such as discrediting rivals by spreading malicious rumours. And unlike men who glory in feats of dominance, women do better by concealing their actions and their “victories”.But there is no doubt says Campbell, that the universal domination of culture by males has exaggerated these differences in attitudes to physical aggression. “The story we’ve always been told is that females are not aggressive,”says Campbell. And when they are aggressive, women are told that their behaviour is “odd or abnormal”.66. For the sake of their children, according to Campbell, women _______________A. are reluctant to start warsB. cannot avoid being dainty or scaredC. would rather get killed or injured in fightingD. do not fight with men under any circumstances67. It can be learned from the passage that men and women__________________A. present different family values in the worldB. show definite differences in parenting skillsC. are genetically conditioned in educating their childrenD. take different psychological approaches to their children68. Which of the following would men most probably be concerned about according to the passage?A. LifeB. ParentingC. DominanceD. Reproduction69. To avoid death, women _________.A. cannot afford to confront risksB. choose to fight in a violent wayC. try to seek protection from the menD. would resort to the “ odd or abnormal” tactics70. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Why men and women possess different parenting skillsB. Why men are more aggressive than womenC. Why women evolve in their own wayD.Why women do not start fightsPassage ThreeThe first line reads: “She sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name? Auguste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband’s name? Auguste, I think.” The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his colleagues at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt found the file in their hospital’s archive, where it had been missing for nearly 90 years, and published excerpts from it last May in the Lancet. The notes, in a cramped, archaic German script, were written by Alois Alzheimer – the physician who first described the disease.His patient, Auguste D, was a 51-year-old woman who had suffered fits of paranoid jealousy and memory lapses so disturbing that her family brought her to a local hospital known as the Castle of the Insane. Over the next four years Alzheimer tracked her condition. Upon her death he examined her brain issue and found the distinctive lesions that are now hallmarks of the disease.Today Alzheimer’s afflicts some 4 million Americans. Although it still cannot be cured, or even treated very well, several recent studies hint that some treatments – from estrogen to Vitamin E to anti-inflammatory drugs –can reduce either the risk of developing the disorder or its symptoms. And more is being learned about itsdistinctive pathology. This past year, for instance, researchers discovered a new kind of lesion in Alzheimer’s patients. A genetic study also pinpointed a mutation that is present in some 60 percent of them – a mutation in the DNA of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the cells.But nearly a century ago, it was Alois Alzheimer who first described the disease and in so doing became one of the physicians to offer a biological basis for a psychiatric condition. Finding the file, Maurer says, “is like holding history in your hands.”71. Obviously, the discovery of the missing file of Auguste D __________________.A. adds credit to Alois AlzheimerB. sheds doubt on the first description of Alzheimer’sC. presents a big challenge to the present medical communityD. has a great impact on the development of a cure for Alzheimer’s72. The anatomical characteristics of Alzheimer’s _________________________.A. can be found in the missing fileB. could have been confirmed decades agoC. are wrongly described in the missing fileD. even puzzled the medical community today73. The findings of the research on Alzheimer’s _________________________.A. sound encouragingB. took more time than expectedC. were ascribed to the missing fileD. will bring about a cure in no time74. When he says that finding the file is like holding history in your hands. , Maurer means___________________.A. his assurance of the historical findingB. his further studies on Alzheimer’sC. the beauty of the medical historyD. the importance of imagination75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. The Physician Who First Described Alzheimer’sB. The Resent Studies on Alzheimer’sC. The missing File Of Auguste DD. The history of PsychiatricsPassage FourDry-cleaning machines that use liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent will go on sale in the US next year – thanks to chemists in North Carolina who have developed CO2-solluble detergents. Dry-cleaner will lose their characteristic smell, and the new process will cut the amount of toxic waste in cleaning clothes.Joseph DeSimone, a chemist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, says liquid CO2 is an ideal solvent because after cleaning, the CO2 can be evaporated off, collected, liquefied and reused.The problem in developing the process, says DeSimone, has been that CO2 by itself is not a good solvent. However, he points out that not too much dissolves in water without the help of detergents, yet water is the most common solvent. What CO2 needed, the thought, was the right detergent.Detergent molecules such as those in washing-up liquid have two chemically distinct ends: one has a liking for water, the other sticks to dirt. Normal detergents do not dissolve in liquidCO2, so DeSimone created three CO2-soluble detergents. One end of the detergents has a fluorocarbon group, which makes them soluble in CO2. The other end is soluble in water, oil or silicone, depending on the type of dirt being removed. The person doing thedry-cleaning has to decide which of the detergents is best suited for the job.DeSimone’s company, Micell, will start selling liquid CO2 dry-cleaning machines next year. They operate at room temperature at a pressure “about ten times the pressure of a bicycle tyre,”according to a spokesman for Micell.Most dry-cleaners currently use chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene. But the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is clamping down on the toxic waste emissions this produces. After cleaning with the new machines, the liquid CO2 is evaporated and collected for reuse, leaving a residue of detergent and dirt.Brad Lienhart, president of Micell, says that cutting waste and pollution is the company’s strongest selling point. “Dry-cleaner owners are saying ‘get this burden off my back’,” he says. He hopes to sell a hundred machines in the first year of business. About 15000 conventional dry-cleaning machines are sold around the world every year. Buster Bell, who owns Bell Laundry and Dry Cleaning in South Carolina, says the Micell technology looks competitive, and he likes the reduced environmental impact. “You really don’t know what is coming from the EPA,” he says.76. The passage begins with ___________________.A. a commercial advertisementB. a horrible warningC. a sale promotionD. good news77. What is the liquid CO2 for?A. Better cleaning clothes.B. Help recycle dry cleaners.C. Dissolve the toxic waste from dry cleaningD. Reduce the toxic emission from dry cleaning78. The right detergent for CO2__________________.A. makes dry cleaning easyB. must be chemically solubleC. is chemically of two purposesD. means a right person for dry-cleaning79. When they are saying “get this burden off my back,” the dry-cleaner owners refer to __________________.A. the competition in the business of dry cleaningB. the pressure from EPAC. their potential profitD. their selling point80. What is the strongest selling point of the MiCell technology according to Lienhart?A. It will promote dry-cleaning business.B. It is environment-friendlyC. It costs less in the market.D. All of the abovePassage FiveThe alarm on our household computer terminal rings and wakes me up. My husband simply stirs and goes back to sleep. I transfer today’s information onto the personal data card I carry with me everywhere and scan today’s readings. Values are given as to the number of litres of water I can use ,the amount of coal-generated electricity I have been allocated and how many “envirocredits” I have earned.I am free to use the water and electricity as I choose, however I notice that the ration of electricity is decreasing every day. Of course, this will not be a problem when we have earned enough envirocredits to buy another solar panel. Envirocredits are earned by buying goods with limited or no packaging, minimizing theamount of garbage thrown out and by financially supporting “envirotechnology’. Before cars were phased out due to unpopularity, credits could be gained by using public transport.I notice an extra passage added to the readings. At last I have been given permission to have a child. Almost instantaneously a package arrives with a label on it: “anti-sterilization Unit’. Inside there are instructions and a small device that looks like a cross between a pistol and s syringe. Eagerly I follow the instructions. The procedure is painless and I don’t know if I am imagining it but I seem to feel the effects at once.Shaking my husband awake, I tell him the good news. I want to get started baby-making right now. “You’ve been on the waiting list for 37 years,” he says. “Can’t you just wait until I’ve woken up properly?”I decide that I probably don’t have much choice and wander downstairs. I am feeling very privileged to have the opportunity to create a new life. It is saddening, however, when I realize that, because of strict population controls, this new life will be replacing an old one.I decide to ring my mother and tell her the good news. When she answers the phone she is crying. She has received word that my grandmother has failed her last health check and will be euthanized next week.For some reason, I don’t feel like creating that new life anymore.81. Based on today’s data, the wife will ________________.A. use up all the envirocredits she earnedB. make arrangements with her husband for the dayC. be allowed to use a certain amount of water and electricityD. do as required to generate enough water and electricity for the day82. According to the passage, envirocredits go to those who ______________--.A. recycle their garbage at homeB. limit themselves to solar energyC. push envirotechnology forwardD. do some environment-friendly83. the effects the wife is feeling at once following the instructions refer to _____________.A. the desire to make a babyB. the permission to make a babyC. the device to help her make a babyD. the consequences of making a baby84. The good news for the wife turned into bad news because _____________.A. she has to wait for another 37 yearsB. to create a new life is to replace an old oneC. population is strictly controlled in the countryD. today she is not healthy enough to make a baby85. What is the passage?A. It is a scenarioB. It is a true storyC. It is a piece of newsD. It’s a scientific reportPassage SixJust because you’re better educated doesn’t mean that you’re any more rational than everyone else, not matter how hard you may try to give that impression.Take the selection of lottery numbers. A survey in Florida described at this year’s annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that better educated people try to use random numbersystem to pick their lottery numbers.Despite the apparent logic of choosing random numbers, however, their chances of winning are not better than those of ordinary folk who use birthdays, anniversaries and other “lucky” dates. Nor are they better off than those who draw on omens and intuitions, picking numbers seen on car number-plates and in dreams. But no doubt they feel a lot more rational.That appearance of “rationality” may be a dangerous thing. Scientists are not immune to subtle and subjective influences on their judgments. Take the data from a survey of the public and members of the British Society of Toxicology discussed at the same meeting.The survey shows that most people agree with the view that animals can be used to help predict how humans will react to chemicals, and that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal we can be “reasonably sure” it will cause cancer in humans. The toxicologists, however, are more circumspect. They accept the first statement but are less likely to agree that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, it will cause cancer in a human.Can this difference be attributed to their expertise? Perhaps. But consider the considerable variation among toxicologists: those who were young, female, working in academia rather than industry or who felt that technology is not always used for the good of all, were more likely to agree that what causes cancer in an animal will cause cancer in a human.Maybe we need to think more about how who we are affects our “rational’ decisions.86. According to the Florida-based survey, those who are better educated feel a lot more rational about the way they ______________________.A. look at the worldB. use logic in doing scienceC. choose their lottery numbersD. use numbers professionally and personally87. Actually, the selection of random numbers _______________________.A. does not work any better than the use of omens and intuitionsB. stands more chance of winning a lottery in the United StatesC. is wrongly appreciated by rational peopleD. is widely practiced in lottery88. What are the survey data suggesting in the passage?A. We are leave in the age of rationality.B. Nobody can be trusted in terms of truth.C. Humans and animals do not react to chemicals in the same way.D. The sense of rationality cannot avoid being subjectively influenced89. What the author is trying to say in the passage ____________________.A. can be further illustrated by the opinion among toxicologistsB. is acceptable to those young and female toxicologistsC. is rational enough to accept in the world of scienceD. has much to do with his own experience90. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. A Very Comforting IllusionB. A Rational Approach to LotteryC. A Survey on Education and RationalityD. A Difference between Scientists and OthersPaper Two。
部分学校心内科考博真题整理
协和医科大学2005年心内科（博士）一、名词解释12.一期临床试验3.阿司匹林抵抗4.心动过速性心肌病5.猝死67.代谢综合征二、简答题1.原发性肺动脉高压的药物治疗2.肝素诱导血小板减少症3.钙离子跨膜转运三、论述题1.慢性心力衰竭的治疗进展2.胸痛的鉴别诊断3.宽的诊疗程序4的治疗措施2007年协和医科大学心内科考博试题 )I名词解释（3分X4）：12.特发性肺动脉高压3.舒张性心衰4.不同人群降压的目标值3.心脏病炎性标志物的分类；简答（5分X3）：1分级；2.肺动脉高压药物治疗进展；大答题（10分X5）：1.冠心病二级预防的定义和原则；2与综合征的临床特征及鉴别；3.继发性收缩期高血压的鉴别诊断；4.大面积肺栓塞的诊断和治疗；5的临床应用。
另外还有是非题（1.5分X6），选择题（1分X4），填空题（1分X10），记不住了，好像其中有动脉粥样硬化机制的学说（4个空），房颤的最新发现的机制（2个空），心肺复苏方面的内容（4个空）。
2007年内科学试题（安贞医院）名词解释：6×5X简答8×5的鉴别诊断难治性心衰的治疗策略洋地黄中毒的表现及处理舒张性心衰的诊断肥厚梗阻型心肌病的诊断问答10×3大面积肺梗死的处理继发性高血压的鉴别诊断用询证医学来评价的优劣武汉大学医学院05年考博心内专业试题名词解释：1234简答题：1 高血压治疗时血压控制的目标值是什么？2 实验的主要结论和临床意义3 二尖瓣狭窄的主要心脏体征4 致心律失常型右室心肌病的主要病理改变和临床特征是什么论述题1 心肌梗死再灌注治疗有那些主要治疗方法2 房颤的主要治疗目标？射频消融治疗房颤有哪些方法？2006年武汉大学医学院心血管内科学考博试题名词解释：1、奇脉2、瓣下狭窄性梗阻3、高血压危象4、缺血性心肌病简答题：1、简述左心衰竭呼吸困难的临床表现2、四联症的主要临床表现3、尖端扭转性室速的心电图表现4、心肺复苏时心脏按压的操作事项问答题：1、根据病史、临床表现和心电图阐述疾病诊断及治疗原则（答案是急性前壁心梗）2、阐述房颤的介入治疗方法2008武汉大学心内科考博试题1名词解释S综合症心包摩擦音梗死后综合征高血压危象2简答病理特点劳力性心绞痛临床特点夜间阵法呼吸困难产生机制3论述主动脉狭窄主要症状及发生机制房颤射频消融治疗术式及其依据2009年武汉大学博士生心内科试题一名词解释1.高血压危象2离散度3综合征45.夜间阵发性呼吸困难二简答题1.二尖瓣狭窄的心脏体征2.不稳定心绞痛的发病机制3.心衰的诱因4.缩窄性心包炎的临床特点三论述题1.高血压急症的治疗原则2心房颤动的治疗现状山东大学医学院1998年心血管内科（博士）1.名词解释1)2)3)4)2的分级3.降压药的选药原则4.风心二狭的并发症5.根据近几年大规模临床试验评价治疗心力衰竭的各类药物6.超声心动图堆急性心肌梗塞并发症的诊断价值7.变异型心绞痛的心电图特点及临床特点8.中心性紫绀与周围星子感的鉴别9的病因10.急性胃炎的病因山东大学医学院1999年心血管内科（博士）1、名词解释：1）2)3)4)5)2、抗高血压药物的分类、适应征及禁忌症3、缩窄性心包炎与的鉴别4、在心血管中的生理作用5、何谓舒张性心力衰竭？其病因及临床表现、治疗有何特点6、心梗住院期间再次出现胸痛见于那些情况，有何特点7、心源性晕厥见于那些疾病8、良恶性溃疡的鉴别9、再障需与哪些疾病鉴别10、肺心病的治疗山东大学医学院2000年心血管内科（博士）1、出现咯血的原因有哪些2、主动脉瓣狭窄的解剖学分类3、的治疗进展4、高血压的治疗5、心电图对心肌梗死的诊断价值6、肝性脑病的临床分期7、肺癌的临床表现8、叶酸缺乏的原因9、，10、?山东大学医学院2006年心血管内科学（博士）一、名词解释：（每题2分，共20分）1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、二、简答题：每题6分，共60分1、心脏失同步化的心电图表现是什么?2、亚临床冠状动脉粥样硬化的影响因素是什么？3、血管适应症是什么？4、主动脉夹层的原因是什么？5、抗血小板的药物有哪几类？各举一例。
(完整word)2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension （30 ％）Section A1. D 女士的话Finally(终于通过了）说明John用了很长时间才通过这门考试。
2。
B 男士听到乘出租只要两小时后说“I'm up for that”，意思是我愿意这样做，即乐意乘出租车。
up for sth。
意思是愿意做某件事。
3。
C 由女士的话12135551212可知选C。
4。
C 由女士的话She came to see me this morning complaining a pain in her right leg可知病人的抱怨是右腿疼.5。
B 女士说：我要离开一周,我希望你能接着处理这里的事务,男士说You have nothing to worry about(你什么都不用担心），可知女士在给男士交待任务，应该是老板和秘书的关系.6. C 男士先说I feel ashamed to ask him for help（我不好意思找他帮忙），女士安慰说他是你的哥哥，然后男士说I'll call him tonight(我今晚给他电话),可知男士今天可能会找他哥哥帮忙.7。
B 由男士的话Now I am going retake your left leg and see how far you can raise it Keep the knee straight。
Does that hurt at an可知男士在给女士做检查。
8. D 女士说I have just made plans to play tennis,男士说Oh,that’s too bad. Maybe some other time，可知女士还要继续按自己的计划去打台球。
9. A 男士说She's been here as long as I have可知Louise并不是新来的护士.10。
各大名校历年心内科考博真题
各大名校历年心内科考博真题(共10页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--天津医科大学2005年心血管专业考博试题名词解释（2分）1.杵状指2.绝对不应期和相对不应期3.双向性心动过速output and cardiac index5.心源性休克和低血容量性休克6.心源性脑缺氧综合症（阿－斯综合症）stunning and hibernationangina9.法洛（fallot）四联症10老年性单纯收缩性高血压简答题（4分）1.心源性和肺源性呼吸困难的鉴别诊断2.比较心肌细胞和窦房结起搏细胞的动作电位，图示3.过早搏动（期前收缩）的临床意义4.心脏骤停时，心脏活动情况和心电图的表现类型5.决定心脏排血量的因素6.临床上应用洋地黄的适应症和相对禁忌症7.硝酸盐（nitrates）药物的作用机制8.急性心包炎的常见病因9.室性和室上性心动过速的鉴别诊断10心绞痛的病理生理机制问答题（10分）1.简单介绍心肺复苏（CPCR）和脑心肺复苏（CCPR）的主要步骤（主要环节2.急性左心衰的处理原则3.常见继发性高血压的诊断和治疗进展题（任选一，10分）段抬高急性心肌梗死的治疗进展of myocyte proliferation of damaged heart.2006年武汉大学医学院心血管内科学考博试题（记忆）名词解释：1、奇脉 2、瓣下狭窄性梗阻 3、高血压危象4、缺血性心肌病简答题：1、简述左心衰竭呼吸困难的临床表现2、fa llot四联症的主要临床表现3、尖端扭转性室速的心电图表现4、心肺复苏时心脏按压的操作事项问答题：1、根据病史、临床表现和心电图阐述疾病诊断及治疗原则（答案是急性前壁心梗）2、阐述房颤的介入治疗方法北京大学医学部2001年转博试题（内科学）一. 问答题:（每题5分）1. 血管内外溶血的鉴别。
2. 厌氧菌肺炎的治疗的抗菌素有哪几种3. 心肌梗塞的溶栓适应症、禁忌症、血栓再通的指证。
各院校内科真题版
交通大学2009年心血管科专业课考博试题一名词解释（4分×10）全英文1 paradoxical pulse（奇脉）2 atherogenesis（动脉粥样硬化形成）3 therapeutic angiogenesis（治疗性血管生成）4 inflammatory cytokines（炎性细胞因子）5 proteomics（蛋白质组学）6 poistron emission tomography（正电子发射体层显像）7 （）remodeling（动脉重塑or血管重塑？）8 contrast-induced nephropathy（对比剂肾病）9 cardiac resynchronisation therapy（心脏再同步化治疗）10 Multivariate logistic regression analysis（多变量逻辑回归分析）二问答题（20分×3）1 心源性咯血的鉴别诊断2 糖尿病在冠状动脉粥样硬化形成中的作用机制3 简述国际上最新的急性心肌梗死的分类和诊断标准交通大学2009年消化科专业课考博试题消化如下：一、名词解释： 1.类癌和类癌综合征。
2.卓-艾综合征。
二、简答题1.简述胃癌癌前状态及癌前疾病，预防措施？2.溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病的区别三、论述题1.门脉高压性肝硬化的临床表现及机制，并发症。
2.常见黄疸的临床表现、实验室检查的鉴别。
3.急性坏死性胰腺炎除基础治疗外还应有哪些治疗措施。
同济大学2009年考博试题病生学选择略名解：1休克；2呼吸衰竭；3心肌抑制因子；4肝性脑病；5高钾血症； 6缺血-再灌注损伤；问答：1、急性肾脏功能衰竭少尿期病理生理变化及机制2、肝硬化上消化道出血诱发肝性脑病机制3、DIC引起休克机制4、呼吸衰竭引起心衰机制20个名解 10个简答 2个问答北医2009年考博科试题1、选择题：基本是心科题，较简单2.名词解释：1.造血干细胞2.HAART3.SARS3.简答题：1.贫血的病因2. 简述非何杰金淋巴瘤的治疗3.简述HP感染的科研诊断标准4.选答题：1.除支气管哮喘外，还有那些疾病可引起哮喘症状，简述及机制2.雷诺氏现象的临床表现，特点，见于那些疾病3.简述1999/2005中国高血压指南同2007世界高血压指南的诊断标准不同血压值的差异（可用表格表示）4.亚急性甲状腺炎同甲状腺机能亢进的鉴别诊断及治疗原则5.必答题（分泌）1.简述目前评价B细胞功能的常用方法2.糖尿病及糖尿病前期的诊断标准及切点的确定原则。