妇科英文名词解释
妇科名词解释1.宫颈原位癌（intraepithelial carcinoma或carcinoma in situ）Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix is terms used to describe the completely haphazard (杂乱无章的) replacement of the stratified（分层的）epithelium（上皮）by abnormal cells showing the characteristic loss of polarit nuclear atypism(非典型) and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic(细胞浆的) ratio of neoplastic(新生的) cells. The abnormal cells do not penetrate the basement membrance(膜). The process limited to the epithelium.2.宫颈原位癌累及腺体(carcinoma in situ with glandular involvement). In intraepithelial carcinoma. these tumors frequently extend up into the cervical canal and replace the columnar cells lining the cervical glands, put the basement membrane of the glands remains intact（完整的）and uninvaded, The terms“carcinoma in situ with glandular in volvement”is used to describe this condition.3.宫颈早期浸润癌(early invasive carcinoma)或镜下浸润癌(microinvasive carcinoma)Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix is established only by histologic（组织学）study, since there is no grossly(肉眼地)visible or obvious malignant tumor in the cervix. In some cases the lesion （损伤）is largely carcinoma in situ, but penetration of the basement membrane by a small cluster of cells or spray of cells for a depth of less than 5mm below the basement membrane may occur. There is no evidence of lymphatic（淋巴管）or blood vessel invasion and confluence(融合)of the spray-like arrangement of cancer cells.4.宫颈浸润癌(invasive carcinoma of cervix)Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is defined as penetration of the basement membrane by camcer cells with or without blood vessel or lymphatic invasion. The depth of penetration is usually greater than 5mm below the basement membrane.5.肌壁间肌瘤（intramural myoma）或(interstitial myoma)The myoma lies within the uterine wall and surrounded by myometrium（子宫肌层）. It comprises approximately 70% of all uterine myoma.6.浆膜下肌瘤（subserous myoma或subperitoneal myoma) The myoma lies just at the serosal（浆膜的）surface of the uterus and bulges（隆起）outward from the myometrium.7.子宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN) A general term for the growth of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Numbers from 1 to 3 may be used to describe how much of the cervix contains abnormal cells.8.继发闭经（secondary amenorrhea）Secondary amenorrhea in the absence of menses far 6 months in a woman in whom.. normal menstrucation has been established or for 3 normal intervals in a woman will oligomenorrhea.9.不孕症（infertility）A couple is said to be infertile if pregnancy does not result after 2 years of normal sexal activity without coutraceptives.10.阔韧带肌瘤(intraligamentous myoma)The tumor that grow laterally between the leaves of the broad ligament(阔韧带) are called intraligamentous myoma.11..粘膜下肌瘤(submucous myoma)The myoma lies beneath the endometrium（子宫内膜）and protrudes（伸出）into the uterine cavity.12.肌瘤红色变性(red degeneration)This type of degeneration occurs during pregnancy. Thrombosis（血栓形成）renous（静脉的）congestion （淤血）and interstitial（间质的）hemorrhage（出血）are responsible for the color of a myoma undergoing red degeneration. The process is usually accomparied by extreme pain.13.腹膜粘液瘤(myxoma peritonei)In mucinous cystadenoma（粘液性囊腺瘤）a rare complication which sometimes develops if rupture of the cyst, the epithelium（上皮）cells may seed onto the peritoneum（腹膜）and produce a pseudomyxoma peritonei(腹膜假粘液瘤).The shape resembles the metastasis(转移) of ovarian carcinoma.14.皮样囊肿(dermoid cyst)The mature teratoma(畸胎瘤), which belongs to benign（良性的）ovarian tumor, is also called dermoid cyst.15.梅格斯综合征（Meig’s Syndrome）Ovarian fibromas（卵巢纤维瘤）in conjunction with ascites(腹水) and light hydrothorax（胸腔积水）constitute the Meig’s Syndrome. The right pleural effusion（胸r 膜渗漏）results from the permeation（渗透）of serous fruid（浆液的）through the diaphragmation（隔膜的）lymphatics（淋巴管）.16.库肯勃氏瘤(krukenberg’s tumor)The term krukenberg’s tu mor should be reserved for those metastatic（转移的）ovarian tumors withthe characteristic histologic picture of mucin-laden, singnet-ring cells infiltrating（渗入）a hyperplastic（增生的）ovarian stroma（基质）of spindle-shapped（梭形的）cells. It is ususlly from carcinoma of the stomach. They are usually bilateral（双侧的）of moderate size, and curiously the normal shape of the ovary is retained.17.葡萄胎(hydatidiform mole) Trophoblastic cells（滋养细胞）have different degree of proliferation（增生）。
There is significant cystic degeneration（变性、退化）of villous（绒毛的）stroma. Various size of vesiculae（水泡）are formed. Connected with small pedicle（蒂的）and looks like a cluster of grapes, so it is called hydatidiform mole.18.侵蚀性葡萄胎（invasive mole）Trophoblastic cells proliferate more market than the cell of hydatidiform mole, the villous stroma also form grape-like vesiculae due to cystic degeneration of stroma. It’s invasive ability is strong and can invade into the myometrium（肌层）and metastasize（转移）to remote places.19.功血(dysfunctional uterine bleeding ,DUB) D ysfunctionaluterine bleeding may be defined as occurence of irregular and excessive uterine bleeding, patients hare no organic disorders. Uterine bleeding is caused by dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis(下丘脑—主体—卵巢轴)..20.卵巢早衰（premature ovarian failure）Amenorrhea(闭经) occurs before the age of forty.综合征(sheehan’s syndrome)This syndrome is due to atrophy（萎缩）of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland,caused by ischemic（缺血的）necrosis（坏死）followed severe postpartum hemorrhage（产后出血）or shock. Amenorrhea occurs with atrophy of genitalia（生殖器）,Sterility（不育）, loss of libido （性欲）and often the feature of hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退） such as loss of hair, dry wrinkled skin, apathy and constantly feeling cold.综合征(Asherman’s Syndrome)The syndrome refer to amenorrhea that follows distruction or elimination of the endometrium（子宫肌层）. It is usually the result of overzealous curettage（刮除术）postpartum or for therapeutic（治疗性的）abortion. The result is intrauterine scarification, which may be seen as a pattern of multiple synechiae on hysterography.23.子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis) Endometriosis is the presence offunctional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity.24.子宫腺肌病(adenomyosis) Adenomyosis means islands of endometrial tissue located deep in the myometrium（子宫肌层）.25.子宫腺肌瘤(adenomyoma) If the endometrial implants in the myometrium and is localized as a circumscribled（局部的）mass, it is called adenomyoma on section you can see a whorled（漩涡的）grayish white mass very similar to that of a fibroid（子宫肌瘤）, but no capsule （包膜）is present.26.人流综合征（artificial abortion syndrome）The major symptoms are brachycardia（心动过缓），arrhythmia（心律失常、心律不齐），hypotension （低血压），pale-faced, profuse sweating and syncope(晕厥)even convulsion(惊厥、抽搐).。
妇科英语词汇
妇科英语词汇妇产科英语词汇外阴色素减退及外阴搔痒chronic vulvardystrophy 慢性外阴营养不良pruritus vulvae 外阴搔痒外阴炎、阴道炎、宫颈炎vulvitis 外阴炎bartholins gland abscess 前庭大腺脓肿bartholins gland cyst前庭大腺囊肿trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎senile vaginitis老年性阴道炎cervicitis宫颈炎cervical erosion宫颈糜烂cervical polyp 宫颈息肉Nabothian cyst 纳氏囊肿盆腔炎pelvic inflammatory disease 〈PID〉盆腔炎ascending infection 上行性感染salpingitis输卵管炎frozen pelvis 冰冻骨盆pelvic tuberculosis 盆腔结核妊娠合并性传播性疾病gonorrhea 淋病syphilis 梅毒condyloma acuminata尖锐湿疣sexually transmitted disease (STD) 性传播性疾病human papilloma virus (HPV) 人乳头状病毒genital herpes 生殖器疱疹herpes simplex virus 〈HSV〉单纯疱疹病毒chlamydia 衣原体子宫颈癌cervical squamous cancer 子宫颈鳞癌cervical adenocarcinoma 子宫颈腺癌cervical carcinoma in situ 〈CIS〉子宫颈原位癌cervied intraepithelial carcinoma 子宫上皮内癌cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) 子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变cervical squamous atypical hyperplasia 鳞状上皮不典型增生squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生micro-invasive carcinoma 镜下早期浸润癌herpes simplex virus (HSV) 单纯疱疹病毒human papilloma virus 人类乳头瘤病毒human cytomegalovirus 〈CMV〉人类巨细胞病毒pap smear 巴氏涂片检查colposcopy 阴道镜检查biopsy 活检cervical conization 子宫颈锥形切除子宫肌瘤myoma of uterus 子宫肌瘤intramural myoma 肌壁间肌瘤subserous myoma 浆膜下肌瘤submucous myoma 粘膜下肌瘤total hysterectomy 全子宫切除术subtotal hysterectomy 次全子宫切除术myomectomy 肌瘤切除术hyaline degeneration 玻璃样变性cystic degeneration 囊性变性red degeneration 红色变性sarcomatous change 肉瘤变性子宫内膜癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌irregular vaginal bleeding 阴道不规则流血adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenoacarthorna 腺角化癌adeno-squamous carcinoma 鳞腺癌chemotherapy 化疗radiotherapy 放疗fractional curettage 分段诊刮卵巢肿瘤ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤epithelial tumour of ovary 卵巢上皮性肿瘤serous cystadenoma 浆液性囊腺瘤borderline serous cystadenoma 交界性浆液性囊腺病serous cystadenocarcinoma 浆液性囊腺癌mucinous cystadenoma 粘液性肿瘤mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 粘液性囊腺癌endometrioid tumour 子宫内膜样肿瘤endometrioid carcinoma 子宫内膜样癌clear cell tumour 透明细胞瘤teratoma 畸胎瘤dysgerminoma 无性细胞瘤endodermal sinus tumour 内胚窦瘤granulosa-stromal cell tumor 颗粒间质细胞瘤theca cell tumor 卵泡膜细胞瘤fibroma 纤维瘤sertoli-leydig cell tumour 支持一间质细胞瘤tumour-like condition 卵巢瘤样病变solitary follicle cyst 单发性滤泡囊肿corpus luteum cyst黄体囊肿germ cell tumor生殖细胞瘤sex cord stromal tumor 性索间质细胞瘤benign 良性的malignant 恶性的laparotomy 剖腹探查tumor marker 肿瘤标志物torsion of ovarian tumor 卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Cyproterone acetate (CPA)醋酸环丙孕酮子宫脱垂、尿瘘uterine prolapse 子宫脱垂stress incontinence 张力性尿失禁urinary fistula 尿瘘cystocele 膀胱膨出enterocele 直肠膨出女性生殖器官发育异常imperforate hymen 处女膜闭锁(无孔处女膜) congenital absence of vagina 先天性无阴道atresia of vagina 阴道闭锁transverse vaginal septum 阴道横膈longitudinal vaginal septum 阴道纵膈congenital absence of uterus 先天性无子宫primordial uterus 始基子宫hypoplasia of uterus 子宫发育不良infantile uterus 幼稚子宫uterus didelphys 双子宫不孕症infertility 不孕症hysterosalpingography〈HSG〉子宫输卵管造影术in vitro fertilization (IVF) 体外授精妇女保健计划生育family planning 计划生育contraception 避孕intrauterine device (IUD) 宫内节育器condom 阴茎套conrtaceptive 避孕药oral conrtaceptive pill(ocp) 口服避孕药artificial abortion 人工流产medical abortion 药物流产sterilization 绝育indication 适应证contraindication 禁忌证complication 并发症womens healthcare 妇女保健女性生殖系统生理menstruation月经steroid hormone 甾体激素estrogen 雌激素progesterone 孕激素androgen 雄激素proliferative phase 增生期secretive phase 分泌期ovary 卵巢follicle 卵泡ovulation 排卵corpus lutein 黄体feedback 反馈prolactin (PRL)泌乳素follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizing hormone (LH) 黄体生成激素妊娠生理（包括妊娠期母体变化）pregnancy 妊娠placenta 胎盘fetus 胎儿umbilical cord 脐带amniotic membrane 羊膜amniotic fluid 羊水villus 绒毛human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 绒毛膜促性腺激素human placental lactogen(HPL) 胎盘生乳素妊娠诊断amenorrrhea 停经morning sickness 早孕反应fetal lie 胎产式longitudinal lie 纵产式transverse lie 横产式fetal presentation 胎先露fetal position 胎位孕期监护及保健expected date of confinement, EDC 预产期last menstrual period, LMP 末次月经four maneuver of Leopold 四步触诊法external pelvimetry 骨盆外测量internal pelvimetry 骨盆内测量acceleration 加速early deceleration 早期减速variable deceleration 变异减速late deceleration 晚期减速non-stress tess, NST 无应激试验oxytocin challenge test, OCT 缩宫素激惹试验contraction stress tess, CST 宫缩应激试验fetal maturity 胎儿成熟度lecithin/sphingomyelin, L/S 卵磷脂/鞘磷脂正常分娩delivery 分娩premature delivery 早产term delivery 足月产postterm delivery 过期产pelvic inlet 骨盆入口pelvic outlet 骨盆出口effacement of cervix 宫颈管消失dilatation of cervix 宫口扩张biparietal diameter (BPD)双顶径mechanism of labor 分娩机制engagement 衔接descent 下降flexion 俯屈internal rotation 内旋转extension 仰伸restitution 复位external rotation 外旋转show 见红partogram 产程图crowning of head 胎头着冠push 向下屏气episiotomy （EP）会阴切开术正常产褥puerperium 产褥期involution of uterus 子宫复旧colostrums 初乳after pains 产后宫缩痛lochia 恶露bottle feeding 人工喂养breast feeding 母乳喂养early suckling 早吸吮流产abortion 流产threatened abortion 先兆流产inevitable abortion 难免流产incomplete abortion 不完全流产complete abortion 完全流产missed abortion 过期流产habitual abortion 习惯性流产异位妊娠ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠abdominal pregnancy 腹腔妊娠ovarian pregnancy 卵管妊娠cervical pregnancy 宫颈妊娠culdocentesis 后穹窿穿刺laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查conservative surgery 保守性手术rupture of tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠破裂妊娠高血压综合征edema 水肿proteinuria 蛋白尿hypertension 高血压hemolysis,elevated liver enzyme，low platelets syndrome HELLP 综合征antihypertensive 抗高血压药物anti convulsant 抗抽搐药物diuretics 利尿药sedative 镇静药物pregnancy induced hypentension syndrome,PIH 妊娠高血压综合征preeclampsia 先兆子痫eclampsia 子痫mean arterial blood pressure,(mABP) 平均动脉压前置胎盘placenta previa 前置胎盘complete previa 完全性(中央性)前置partial previa 部分性前置marginal previa 边缘性前置胎盘早期剥离placental abruption 胎盘早剥disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)弥散性血管内凝血uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫卒中revealed abruption 显形剥落concealed abruption 隐性剥落mixed hemorrhage 混合性出血妊娠合并心脏病perinatal cardiomyopathy 围产期心肌病heart failure 心力衰竭cardiac function 心功能rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病妊娠合并乙型肝炎intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 妊娠期肝内胆汁郁积症acute fatty liver of pregnancy 妊娠急性脂肪肝妊娠合并糖尿病gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM 妊娠期糖尿病macrosomia 巨大儿shoulder dystocia 肩难产congenital malformation 先天性畸形oral glucose tolerance test 口服葡萄糖耐量试验高危妊娠high risk pregnancy 高危妊娠fetal monitoring 胎儿监护non-stress test ,(NST) 无应激试验contraction stress test (CST) 宫缩应激试验oxytocin challenge test (OCT) 催产素激惹试验amniocentesis 羊膜腔穿刺lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S)卵磷脂/鞘磷脂perinatal mortality rate围产儿死亡率deceleration 减速acceleration 加速biophysical profile score (BPS) B超生物物理评分fetal movement 胎动fetal tone 胎儿张力fetal breath movement 胎儿呼吸样运动amniotic fluid index (AFI) 羊水指数异常分娩dystocia 异常分娩primipara 初产妇multipara 经产妇hypotonic uterine contraction 低张性子宫收缩hypertonic uterine contraction 高张性子宫收缩oxytocin 催产素prostaglandin 前列腺素simple flat pelvis 单纯扁平骨盆funnel shaped pelvis 漏斗骨盆generally contracted pelvis 均小骨盆persistent occipitoposterior position 持续性枕后位persistent occipitotransverse position 持续性忧横位sincipital presentation高直位anterior asynclitism 前不均倾位face presentation 面先露breech presentation 臀先露shoulder presentation 肩先露shoulder dystocia 肩难产hydrocephalus 脑积水spina bifida 脊柱裂conjoined twins 联体双胎产后出血postpartum hemorrhage 〈PPH〉产后出血uterine atony 宫缩乏力trauma of genital tract 生殖道创伤placental implantation 胎盘植入子宫破裂rupture of uterus 子宫破裂pathologic retraction ring 病理缩过期妊娠postterm pregnancy 过期妊娠meconium 胎粪induction of labor 引产placental function 胎盘功能胎儿窘迫fetal distress 胎儿窘迫perinatal medicine 围产医学产褥感染puerperal infection 产褥感染puerperal morbidity 产褥病率late postpartum hemorrhage 晚期产后出血。
医学英语英汉妇产科学
妇产科学是研究女性生殖系统疾病和妊娠、分娩等相关问题的学科。
本文将主要介绍医学英语中与妇产科学相关的词汇和概念。
1. Reproductive System（生殖系统）The reproductive system is responsible for the production of offspring. In females, it includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. Understanding the terminology related to the reproductive system is essential for studying obstetrics and gynecology.2. Obstetrics（产科学）Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period. It involves the care of pregnant women, management of labor and delivery, as well as postnatal care. Obstetricians specialize in providing medical care for women during pregnancy and childbirth.3. Gynecology（妇科学）Gynecology focuses on the study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system. It includes the examination, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and gynecological cancers. Gynecologists play a crucialrole in women's healthcare.4. Menstruation（月经）Menstruation refers to the monthly shedding of the uterine lining in women of reproductive age. Understanding the terminology related to menstruation, such as menstrual cycle, menstrual flow, and menstrual disorders, is important in diagnosing and treating gynecological conditions.5. Fertilization（受精）Fertilization is the process by which sperm and egg combine to form a zygote, which develops into an embryo. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is areproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body and transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus.6. Pregnancy（妊娠）Pregnancy is the period during which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus in a woman's uterus. It is divided into three trimesters, each lasting approximately three months. Understanding the stages of pregnancy, prenatal care, and common pregnancy complications is crucial for healthcare professionals in the field of obstetrics.7. Labor and Delivery（分娩）Labor and delivery refer to the process of childbirth. It involves the contractions of the uterus, dilation of the cervix, and the expulsion of the fetus through the birth canal. Healthcare professionals, such as midwives and obstetricians, assist women during labor and delivery to ensure a safe and healthy birth.8. Postpartum Period（产后期）The postpartum period, also known as the puerperium, begins immediately after childbirth and lasts for approximately six weeks. It is a critical time for the mother's physical and emotional recovery, as well as the newborn's health. Understanding postpartum care, breastfeeding, and postpartum complications is essential for healthcare providers in obstetrics.以上是关于医学英语英汉妇产科学相关内容的概述。
临产名词解释妇产科
临产名词解释妇产科1. 妇产科的定义与概述妇产科（Obstetrics and Gynecology，简称OB/GYN）是一门医学专业，涵盖了妇科（Gynecology）和产科（Obstetrics）两个领域。
妇科主要关注女性生殖系统的疾病和问题，包括子宫、卵巢、输卵管、阴道和外阴等器官的疾病。
产科则专注于孕产过程中的监护和处理。
妇产科医生是专门接受培训并具备相关知识和技能的医生。
他们既可以进行预防性保健，也能处理各种常见和罕见的妇女健康问题。
在临产期间，他们负责监测孕妇和胎儿的健康情况，并提供必要的医疗护理。
2. 妇科2.1 子宫子宫是女性生殖系统中最重要的器官之一。
它是一个位于盆腔内的肌肉器官，形状像一个倒置的梨子。
子宫在月经周期中起着重要作用，它接受受精卵并提供孕育胎儿的环境。
妇科医生通过检查子宫大小、形状和位置来评估女性的生殖健康。
2.2 卵巢卵巢是女性生殖系统中负责产生卵子的器官。
每个女性通常有两个卵巢，它们位于盆腔内。
卵巢还分泌雌激素和孕激素，对月经周期和女性身体的其他方面起着重要作用。
妇科医生可以通过超声波检查或抽血检测来评估卵巢功能。
2.3 输卵管输卵管是连接卵巢和子宫的管道，其主要功能是将受精卵从卵巢输送到子宫。
如果输卵管出现问题，比如阻塞或损伤，可能导致不孕或异位妊娠等问题。
2.4 阴道和外阴阴道是连接外阴与子宫颈的通道，在性交、分娩和月经过程中起着重要作用。
外阴包括阴蒂、小阴唇、大阴唇等器官。
3. 产科3.1 孕期监护妇产科医生在孕期对孕妇进行监护，确保母体和胎儿的健康。
他们会定期进行产前检查，包括测量血压、检查子宫大小和胎位、监听胎心等。
如果出现高血压、糖尿病或其他并发症，医生会提供相应的治疗和建议。
3.2 分娩分娩是指胎儿从子宫内到子宫外的过程。
妇产科医生负责监测分娩过程，并提供必要的医疗干预，以确保母亲和新生儿的安全。
根据分娩方式的不同，可以分为自然分娩、剖腹产和产钳助产等。
妇科英语词汇
妇产科英语词汇外阴色素减退及外阴搔痒chronic vulvardystrophy 慢性外阴营养不良pruritus vulvae 外阴搔痒外阴炎、阴道炎、宫颈炎vulvitis 外阴炎bartholins gland abscess 前庭大腺脓肿bartholins gland cyst前庭大腺囊肿trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎senile vaginitis老年性阴道炎cervicitis宫颈炎cervical erosion宫颈糜烂cervical polyp 宫颈息肉Nabothian cyst 纳氏囊肿盆腔炎pelvic inflammatory disease 〈PID〉盆腔炎ascending infection 上行性感染salpingitis输卵管炎frozen pelvis 冰冻骨盆pelvic tuberculosis 盆腔结核妊娠合并性传播性疾病gonorrhea 淋病syphilis 梅毒condyloma acuminata尖锐湿疣sexually transmitted disease (STD) 性传播性疾病human papilloma virus (HPV) 人乳头状病毒genital herpes 生殖器疱疹herpes simplex virus 〈HSV〉单纯疱疹病毒chlamydia 衣原体子宫颈癌cervical squamous cancer 子宫颈鳞癌cervical adenocarcinoma 子宫颈腺癌cervical carcinoma in situ 〈CIS〉子宫颈原位癌cervied intraepithelial carcinoma 子宫上皮内癌cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) 子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变cervical squamous atypical hyperplasia 鳞状上皮不典型增生squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生micro-invasive carcinoma 镜下早期浸润癌herpes simplex virus (HSV) 单纯疱疹病毒human papilloma virus 人类乳头瘤病毒human cytomegalovirus 〈CMV〉人类巨细胞病毒pap smear 巴氏涂片检查colposcopy 阴道镜检查biopsy 活检cervical conization 子宫颈锥形切除子宫肌瘤myoma of uterus 子宫肌瘤intramural myoma 肌壁间肌瘤subserous myoma 浆膜下肌瘤submucous myoma 粘膜下肌瘤total hysterectomy 全子宫切除术subtotal hysterectomy 次全子宫切除术myomectomy 肌瘤切除术hyaline degeneration 玻璃样变性cystic degeneration 囊性变性red degeneration 红色变性sarcomatous change 肉瘤变性子宫内膜癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌irregular vaginal bleeding 阴道不规则流血adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenoacarthorna 腺角化癌adeno-squamous carcinoma 鳞腺癌chemotherapy 化疗radiotherapy 放疗fractional curettage 分段诊刮卵巢肿瘤ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤epithelial tumour of ovary 卵巢上皮性肿瘤serous cystadenoma 浆液性囊腺瘤borderline serous cystadenoma 交界性浆液性囊腺病serous cystadenocarcinoma 浆液性囊腺癌mucinous cystadenoma 粘液性肿瘤mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 粘液性囊腺癌endometrioid tumour 子宫内膜样肿瘤endometrioid carcinoma 子宫内膜样癌clear cell tumour 透明细胞瘤teratoma 畸胎瘤dysgerminoma 无性细胞瘤endodermal sinus tumour 内胚窦瘤granulosa-stromal cell tumor 颗粒间质细胞瘤theca cell tumor 卵泡膜细胞瘤fibroma 纤维瘤sertoli-leydig cell tumour 支持一间质细胞瘤tumour-like condition 卵巢瘤样病变solitary follicle cyst 单发性滤泡囊肿corpus luteum cyst黄体囊肿germ cell tumor生殖细胞瘤sex cord stromal tumor 性索间质细胞瘤benign 良性的malignant 恶性的laparotomy 剖腹探查tumor marker 肿瘤标志物torsion of ovarian tumor 卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征Insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗Cyproterone acetate (CPA)醋酸环丙孕酮子宫脱垂、尿瘘uterine prolapse 子宫脱垂stress incontinence 张力性尿失禁urinary fistula 尿瘘cystocele 膀胱膨出enterocele 直肠膨出女性生殖器官发育异常imperforate hymen 处女膜闭锁(无孔处女膜) congenital absence of vagina 先天性无阴道atresia of vagina 阴道闭锁transverse vaginal septum 阴道横膈longitudinal vaginal septum 阴道纵膈congenital absence of uterus 先天性无子宫primordial uterus 始基子宫hypoplasia of uterus 子宫发育不良infantile uterus 幼稚子宫uterus didelphys 双子宫不孕症infertility 不孕症hysterosalpingography〈HSG〉子宫输卵管造影术in vitro fertilization (IVF) 体外授精妇女保健计划生育family planning 计划生育contraception 避孕intrauterine device (IUD) 宫内节育器condom 阴茎套conrtaceptive 避孕药oral conrtaceptive pill(ocp) 口服避孕药artificial abortion 人工流产medical abortion 药物流产sterilization 绝育indication 适应证contraindication 禁忌证complication 并发症womens healthcare 妇女保健女性生殖系统生理menstruation月经steroid hormone 甾体激素estrogen 雌激素progesterone 孕激素androgen 雄激素proliferative phase 增生期secretive phase 分泌期ovary 卵巢follicle 卵泡ovulation 排卵corpus lutein 黄体feedback 反馈prolactin (PRL)泌乳素follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)卵泡刺激素luteinizing hormone (LH) 黄体生成激素妊娠生理（包括妊娠期母体变化）pregnancy 妊娠placenta 胎盘fetus 胎儿umbilical cord 脐带amniotic membrane 羊膜amniotic fluid 羊水villus 绒毛human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 绒毛膜促性腺激素human placental lactogen(HPL) 胎盘生乳素妊娠诊断amenorrrhea 停经morning sickness 早孕反应fetal lie 胎产式longitudinal lie 纵产式transverse lie 横产式fetal presentation 胎先露fetal position 胎位孕期监护及保健expected date of confinement, EDC 预产期last menstrual period, LMP 末次月经four maneuver of Leopold 四步触诊法external pelvimetry 骨盆外测量internal pelvimetry 骨盆内测量acceleration 加速early deceleration 早期减速variable deceleration 变异减速late deceleration 晚期减速non-stress tess, NST 无应激试验oxytocin challenge test, OCT 缩宫素激惹试验contraction stress tess, CST 宫缩应激试验fetal maturity 胎儿成熟度lecithin/sphingomyelin, L/S 卵磷脂/鞘磷脂正常分娩delivery 分娩premature delivery 早产term delivery 足月产postterm delivery 过期产pelvic inlet 骨盆入口pelvic outlet 骨盆出口effacement of cervix 宫颈管消失dilatation of cervix 宫口扩张biparietal diameter (BPD)双顶径mechanism of labor 分娩机制engagement 衔接descent 下降flexion 俯屈internal rotation 内旋转extension 仰伸restitution 复位external rotation 外旋转show 见红partogram 产程图crowning of head 胎头着冠push 向下屏气episiotomy （EP）会阴切开术正常产褥puerperium 产褥期involution of uterus 子宫复旧colostrums 初乳after pains 产后宫缩痛lochia 恶露bottle feeding 人工喂养breast feeding 母乳喂养early suckling 早吸吮流产abortion 流产threatened abortion 先兆流产inevitable abortion 难免流产incomplete abortion 不完全流产complete abortion 完全流产missed abortion 过期流产habitual abortion 习惯性流产异位妊娠ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠abdominal pregnancy 腹腔妊娠ovarian pregnancy 卵管妊娠cervical pregnancy 宫颈妊娠culdocentesis 后穹窿穿刺laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查conservative surgery 保守性手术rupture of tubal pregnancy 输卵管妊娠破裂妊娠高血压综合征edema 水肿proteinuria 蛋白尿hypertension 高血压hemolysis,elevated liver enzyme，low platelets syndrome HELLP 综合征antihypertensive 抗高血压药物anti convulsant 抗抽搐药物diuretics 利尿药sedative 镇静药物pregnancy induced hypentension syndrome,PIH 妊娠高血压综合征preeclampsia 先兆子痫eclampsia 子痫mean arterial blood pressure,(mABP) 平均动脉压前置胎盘placenta previa 前置胎盘complete previa 完全性(中央性)前置partial previa 部分性前置marginal previa 边缘性前置胎盘早期剥离placental abruption 胎盘早剥disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)弥散性血管内凝血uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫卒中revealed abruption 显形剥落concealed abruption 隐性剥落mixed hemorrhage 混合性出血妊娠合并心脏病perinatal cardiomyopathy 围产期心肌病heart failure 心力衰竭cardiac function 心功能rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病妊娠合并乙型肝炎intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 妊娠期肝内胆汁郁积症acute fatty liver of pregnancy 妊娠急性脂肪肝妊娠合并糖尿病gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM 妊娠期糖尿病macrosomia 巨大儿shoulder dystocia 肩难产congenital malformation 先天性畸形oral glucose tolerance test 口服葡萄糖耐量试验高危妊娠high risk pregnancy 高危妊娠fetal monitoring 胎儿监护non-stress test ,(NST) 无应激试验contraction stress test (CST) 宫缩应激试验oxytocin challenge test (OCT) 催产素激惹试验amniocentesis 羊膜腔穿刺lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S)卵磷脂/鞘磷脂perinatal mortality rate围产儿死亡率deceleration 减速acceleration 加速biophysical profile score (BPS) B超生物物理评分fetal movement 胎动fetal tone 胎儿张力fetal breath movement 胎儿呼吸样运动amniotic fluid index (AFI) 羊水指数异常分娩dystocia 异常分娩primipara 初产妇multipara 经产妇hypotonic uterine contraction 低张性子宫收缩hypertonic uterine contraction 高张性子宫收缩oxytocin 催产素prostaglandin 前列腺素simple flat pelvis 单纯扁平骨盆funnel shaped pelvis 漏斗骨盆generally contracted pelvis 均小骨盆persistent occipitoposterior position 持续性枕后位persistent occipitotransverse position 持续性忧横位sincipital presentation高直位anterior asynclitism 前不均倾位face presentation 面先露breech presentation 臀先露shoulder presentation 肩先露shoulder dystocia 肩难产hydrocephalus 脑积水spina bifida 脊柱裂conjoined twins 联体双胎产后出血postpartum hemorrhage 〈PPH〉产后出血uterine atony 宫缩乏力trauma of genital tract 生殖道创伤placental implantation 胎盘植入子宫破裂rupture of uterus 子宫破裂pathologic retraction ring 病理缩过期妊娠postterm pregnancy 过期妊娠meconium 胎粪induction of labor 引产placental function 胎盘功能胎儿窘迫fetal distress 胎儿窘迫perinatal medicine 围产医学产褥感染puerperal infection 产褥感染puerperal morbidity 产褥病率late postpartum hemorrhage 晚期产后出血。
妇产科英语知识点总结
妇产科英语知识点总结妇产科是一门专门研究妇女生殖系统疾病、妇女生殖健康、孕产期的医学分支学科。
在妇产科领域，需要了解很多与生殖系统有关的专业术语和知识，因此妇产科英语知识显得尤为重要。
本文将从妇产科的基本概念、常见疾病、治疗方法等方面对妇产科英语知识点进行总结。
基本概念1. Obstetrics and Gynecology妇产科是指妇科与产科的合并。
妇产科医生主要负责处理女性生殖健康问题以及孕产期的相关疾病和情况。
2. Reproductive system生殖系统，包括女性的生殖器官，如卵巢、子宫、输卵管、阴道等。
而男性的生殖系统包括睾丸、附睾、输精管等。
3. Menstrual cycle月经周期，指的是女性每个月经历的生理周期，通常为28天，包括月经期、排卵期和黄体期。
4. Contraception避孕，是指采取各种方法控制怀孕的行为，如避孕药、避孕套等。
常见疾病1. Endometriosis子宫内膜异位症，是一种常见的妇科疾病，子宫内膜异位到非子宫腔部位，引起疼痛和月经不规则。
2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)多囊卵巢综合征，是一种影响女性生育能力的内分泌失调疾病，通常伴随着多囊卵巢及月经不调。
3. Cervical cancer宫颈癌，是一种由人乳头瘤病毒感染引起的恶性肿瘤，常见于50岁以下的女性。
4. Infertility不孕不育，是指无法在一年内自然怀孕的状况，常见于女性卵子质量不高或输卵管通畅度不佳造成的问题。
治疗方法1. Hysterectomy子宫切除术，是一种常见的妇科手术，常用于治疗子宫肌瘤、子宫内膜异位等疾病。
2. In vitro fertilization (IVF)体外受精，是一种辅助生殖技术，通过将精子和卵子在体外结合，然后将受精卵植入女性子宫内实现妊娠。
3. Laparoscopy腹腔镜手术，是一种微创手术技术，通过腹腔镜在腹部进行手术，减少了切口大小、术后恢复快等优点。
妇科英语
妇科英语Gynecological English【解剖】：外阴n.vulva adj. vulval阴道n. vagina adj. vaginal宫颈n.cervix adj.cervical子宫n.uterus adj.uterine附件n.adnexa adj.adnexal输卵管n. fallopian tube/oviduct/uterine tube/salpinxadj. tubal/oviducal/salpingian卵巢n.ovary oophoron adj.ovarian韧带ligament阔韧带broad ligament圆韧带round ligament主韧带cardinal ligament宫骶韧带uterosacral ligament卵巢悬韧带ligamentum suspensorium ovarii /骨盆漏斗韧带infundibulopelvic ligament 【疾病】：贫血anemia 高血压hypertension 糖尿病diabets肌瘤myoma 囊肿cyst 息肉polyp粘连adhesion 盆腔炎pelvic inflammation 阴道炎 vaginitis不孕症infertility 输卵管积水hydrosaloinx异位妊娠ectopic pregnancy联合妊娠combined pregnancy功血dysfunctional uterine bleeding输卵管系膜囊肿mesosalphinx cyst畸胎瘤teratoma子宫腺肌症uterine adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症endometriosis，EMT / 巧克力囊肿chocolate cyst宫颈上皮内瘤变cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN宫颈癌/子宫内膜癌/卵巢癌cervical cancer/endometrial cancer/ovarian cancer【治疗】：避孕药contraceptive 宫内节育器IUD，intrauterine device化疗chemothetapy宫腔镜hysteroscope 腹腔镜laparoscope宫颈锥切conization of cervix宫腔镜下内膜息肉摘除术Hysteroscopic endometrium polyp extraction肌瘤切除术myomectomy输卵管通液术 hydrotubation卵巢囊肿剥除术oophorocystectomy子宫全切hysterectomy腹腔镜下全子宫切除术LTH，total laparoscopic hysterectomy腹腔镜辅助阴式子宫切除术LAVH，laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy盆腔淋巴结清扫术pelvic lymph node dissection，PLND。
妇产科名词解释
1、月经：（menstruation）：是性功能成熟的一项标志，在内分泌周期性调节下，子宫内膜发生了从增生到分泌的反应。
2、着床（implantation）：晚期囊胚侵入到子宫内膜的过程，也称孕卵植入。
3、蒙氏结节（Montgomery tubercles）：妊娠早期乳房开始增大，充血明显，孕妇自觉乳房发胀。
乳头增大、着色，易勃起，乳晕着色，乳晕上的皮脂腺肥大形成散在的小隆起，称蒙氏结节。
7、早孕反应（morning sickness）：妊娠早期（约停经6周左右），约有半数妇女出现不同程度的恶心，或伴呕吐，尤其于清晨起床时更为明显，称为早孕反应。
一般于妊娠12周左右自行消失。
8、席汉综合征（Sheehans syndrome）：当产后发生大出血，休克时间过长，就可造成脑垂体前叶功能减退的后遗症，表现为消溲，乏力，脱发，畏寒，闭经，乳房萎缩等，严重者可致死。
临床上称之为席汉综合症。
9、黑加征（hegar’s sign）：妊娠6~8周时，阴道检查子宫随停经月份而逐渐增大，子宫峡部极软，子宫体与子宫颈似不相连，称黑加征。
10、胎动（fetal movement, FM）：胎儿在子宫内冲击子宫壁的活动成为胎动。
孕妇于妊娠18~20周时开始自觉有胎动，每小时约3~5次。
12、胎产式（fetal line）：胎儿身体纵轴与母体身体纵轴之间的关系成为胎产式。
13、胎先露（fetal presentation）：最先进入骨盆人口的胎儿部分称为胎先露。
14、胎方位（fetal position）：胎儿先露部指示点与母体骨盆的关系成为胎方位，简称胎位。
（枕先露以枕骨、面先露以、臀先露以骶骨、肩先露以肩胛骨为指示点。
）18、骶耻外径（EC）：孕妇取左侧卧位，右腿伸直，左腿屈曲，测量第5腰椎棘突下凹陷处至耻骨联合上缘中点的距离，正常值18~20cm。
此径可间接推测骨盆入口前后径长短，是骨盆外测量中最重要的径线。
19、坐骨结节间径（TO）：又称出口横径。
妇科英语知识点总结
妇科英语知识点总结妇科是医学中的一个重要分支，主要研究女性生殖系统的结构、功能和疾病。
妇科英语知识对医学人员来说是必备的，下面我们将介绍妇科英语的知识点。
一、妇科疾病1. 妇科肿瘤Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Ovarian cancer 卵巢癌Endometrial cancer 子宫内膜癌Uterine fibroids 子宫肌瘤Ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿2. 妇科炎症Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 盆腔炎Vulvovaginitis 外阴阴道炎Cervicitis 子宫颈炎Endometritis 子宫内膜炎3. 妇科功能性疾病Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 多囊卵巢综合征Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) 经前综合征Menopause 绝经期4. 妇科其他疾病Ectopic pregnancy 异位妊娠Pelvic organ prolapse 盆腔器官脱垂Uterine prolapse 子宫脱垂二、妇科检查1. 妇科常规检查Pelvic exam 盆腔检查Pap smear 巴氏涂片检查Colposcopy 阴道镜检查Ultrasound 超声检查2. 妇科特殊检查Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) 子宫输卵管造影Endometrial biopsy 子宫内膜活组织检查Laparoscopy 腹腔镜检查Cervical biopsy 子宫颈活组织检查三、妇科治疗1. 妇科手术Hysterectomy 子宫切除术Oophorectomy 卵巢切除术Tubal ligation 输卵管结扎术Endometrial ablation 子宫内膜消融术2. 妇科药物Contraceptives 避孕药Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) 激素替代疗法Antibiotics 抗生素Anti-inflammatory drugs 抗炎药3. 妇科其他治疗Intrauterine device (IUD) 宫内节育器Pelvic floor exercises 盆底肌锻炼Acupuncture 针灸Herbal medicine 中草药四、妇科常见诊断1. 妇科症状诊断Abnormal vaginal bleeding 阴道异常流血Pelvic pain 盆腔疼痛Vaginal discharge 阴道分泌物Menstrual irregularities 月经不调2. 妇科体征诊断Cervical erosion 子宫颈糜烂Uterine enlargement 子宫增大Ovarian cyst 卵巢囊肿Endometrial thickening 子宫内膜增厚3. 妇科实验室检查Hormone levels 激素水平Tumor markers 肿瘤标志物Cervical cytology 子宫颈细胞学检查Culture and sensitivity 细菌培养及药敏试验五、妇科护理1. 妇科术后护理Pain management 疼痛管理Wound care 伤口护理Emotional support 情绪支持Physical therapy 生理疗法2. 妇科产前护理Prenatal care 产前护理Labor support 分娩支持Breastfeeding education 哺乳教育Postpartum care 产后护理3. 妇科更年期护理Menopausal symptom management 更年期症状管理Hormone therapy counseling 激素治疗咨询Bone health assessment 骨健康评估Heart disease prevention 心脏病预防六、妇科预防1. 妇科癌症预防Regular screenings 定期筛查HPV vaccination HPV疫苗接种Healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式Avoiding risky behaviors 避免危险行为2. 妇科炎症预防Hygiene practices 卫生习惯Safe sex 安全性行为Avoiding irritants and allergens 避免刺激物和过敏原Vaccination 接种疫苗3. 妇科功能性疾病预防Weight management 体重管理Regular exercise 定期运动Healthy diet 健康饮食Stress management 应激管理以上是妇科英语知识点的总结，希望对你有所帮助。
妇产科学英文名词解释
妇产科学英文名词解释Obstetrics and gynecology, often abbreviated as OB/GYN, is a medical specialty that focuses on the female reproductive system and the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.One fundamental term in this field is "fetus," which refers to the developing baby in the womb from the end of the eighth week of pregnancy until birth. Prior to this, the developing life is called an "embryo."Another important term is "placenta," a vital organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus and removes waste products. It also plays a role in hormone production during pregnancy."Cervix" is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. During childbirth, the cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal."Menstrual cycle" is the monthly process in which a woman's body prepares for potential pregnancy. It involves hormonal changes and the shedding of the uterine lining, known as menstruation."Pelvic inflammatory disease" (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. It can lead to serious complications,including infertility."Mammogram" is an imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to detect breast cancer in its early stages, even before a lump can be felt."Hormone replacement therapy" (HRT) is a treatment for women who have entered menopause, aiming to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of osteoporosis by replacing the hormones estrogen and progesterone."Cesarean section," commonly known as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus when vaginal birth is not possible or safe."Pap smear" is a screening test that detects abnormal cells on the cervix, which can be a sign of cervical cancer or its precursors. Regular Pap smears are crucial for early detection and treatment.。
妇产科全英文名词解释和简答(含中文注释)全
妇产科全英文名词解释和简答（含中文注释）鸣谢美丽的美丽的和美丽的：O7和阿默名词解释妊娠生理Braxton hicks 收缩the pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation, these braxton hicks contractions, however, are not positive sighs of pregnancy, since similar contractions are sometimes noted in cases of hematometra（宫腔积血）and occasionally with soft myomas, especially the pedunculated submucous variety妊娠诊断Fetal lie胎产式the term lie refers to the relationship between the long axis(长轴) of the mother and the long axis of the fetus（胎儿）Fetal presentation胎先露the presenting part is the portion of the fetus that descend first through the birth canal（产道）Fetal position胎方位the exact fetal position is determined by the relationship of some definite part of the fetus （the guiding point）to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis（母体骨盆）Fetal attitude 胎势attitude refers to the relationship of the parts of the fetus to each otherHegar’s sign 黑格氏征on bimanual examination（双合诊）the isthmus uteri（子宫峡部）feels exceedingly doughy（柔软的）at about 6-8 week after the last period异常妊娠Abortion 流产abortion is the termination of a pregnancy before the end of the 28week when the fetus weight lesser than 1000gThreatened labor 先兆流产Before 28 weeks of gestation showed a small amount of vaginal bleeding, followed by paroxysmal（阵发性）abdominal pain, without rupture of fetal membranes （胎膜）and dilation of cervix, the size of the uterus is consistent with pregnant weeksMissed abortion 稽留流产when the embryon（胚胎）dies and it is retained in uterusHabitual abortion 习惯性流产/recurrent abortion（复发性流产）this is defined as 3 or more consecutive abortion with the same sexual partnerEctopic pregnancy 异位妊娠implantation of the fertilized ovum（受精卵）in a site outside the uterine cavity妊娠合并内科疾病HELLP syndrome HELLP 综合征hemolysis(溶血), elevated liver enzymes（肝酶）, and low platelets（血小板）syndrome胎盘与胎膜异常Placenta previa 前置胎盘the entire placenta or part of it is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper active segment, and located lower than the presenting part of the fetus after 28 weekPlacenta abruption 胎盘早剥partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the uterine wall before delivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 week’s gestationUteroplacental apoplexy(couvelaire uterus) 子宫胎盘卒中hemorrhage infiltrates（浸润）the uterine wall. Making it appears purlish ecchymosis,（青紫瘀斑）muscle bundles disrupted and degenerated, then uterus loss its contractile power,（收缩力）resulting in postpartum hemorrhege产前检查与孕期保健OCT or CST (orytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress test) 缩宫素激惹试验measuring the FHR response to the stress of spontaneous or oxytocin（催产素）induced contraction (UC) forms to basis of this test of fetal placental reserve OCTpositive: recurrent (at least two) late deceleration of the FHR, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the contraction and returning to the baseline after the contraction subsides, in addition, the amplitude（振幅）and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying Negative: at least 3 contractions in 10 minutes, and each lasting at least 40 seconds, the FHR are observed without late deceleration, a negative test within a weak of delivery provided reliable assurance that the fetus will survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery wellNST (nor-stress test)无应激试验NST is a test for observing and recording reserve of fetus without any external stimulation and uterine contraction(子宫收缩）Divided into reactive NST,dubious NST,non-reactive NSTReactive:the Fad must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more FADs per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 seconds and more than15bpm amplitudeNon-reactive: this classification includes no fetal activity either spontaneously oneously or with stimulation, and no demonsthable FHR change in response to stimulation正常分娩Mechanism of normal labor 分娩机制the mechanism of labor is a term applied to the series of changes in the attitude and position of the fetus that permits it to progress through the irregular shaped pelvic cavityEngagement 衔接the mechanism by which the biparietal diameter（双顶径）, the greatest transverse diamete of the head in vertex presentation（顶先露）,passes through the pelvic inlet is designated engagement, a phenomenon that usually occurs in primigravidas with normal pelves （骨盆）during the last few weeks of pregnancy but does not ordinarily take place in multiparas until after the commencement of laborInternal rotation 内旋转this movement is a turning of the head in such a manner that the occiput（枕骨）moves anteriorly around the The longitudinal axis of the pelvis（骨盆纵轴）making the interparietal suture（矢状缝）consistent with the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis and pelvis outlet（骨盆以及骨盆出口的前后径）Onset and diagnosis of labor 临产诊断the contractions of labor occur regularly and usually increase until they recur every 5 to 6 minutes and last from 30 to 40 seconds, which cause progressive effacement （消失）and dilatation of the cervix, and descent of the presenting part（胎先露部）Physiologic retraction ring 生理性缩复环as a result of the thining of the loweruterine segment and the thicking of the upper. The boundary between them is marked by a ridge（隆起）on the inner uterine surface, the ridge is called the physiologic retraction ringSigns of separation of placenta 胎盘剥离征象1.the rising up of the uterus as a small firmly contracted mass，to a level above the umbilicus（脐）2. Lengthening of the cord（脐带）3. A small amount of vaginal bleeding 4.traction upwards of the fundus（宫底）fails to draw the cord up with itRetained placenta 胎盘滞留the placenta which retained in the uterine cavity for more than 30 minutes is called retained placenta异常分娩Prolonged latent phase 潜伏期延长the time started from regular uterine effacement（子宫收缩）to enter the active phase is longer than 16 hours. Prolonged active phase 活跃期延长after the cervix（宫颈）dilated（扩张）to 3cm,labor progresses over slow, the time of active phase lastes over 8 hours. The cervical dilatation progresses at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida（初产妇）and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara（经产妇）Arrested active phase 活跃期停滞the cervical dilatation does not change over 4 hours during the active phaseProtracted second stage 第二产程延长when the cervix fully dilates the contractions become weak and the intervals prolong, the span of time is over 2 hours in nullipara（初产妇）and over 1 hour in multipara（经产妇）, it is called that the second stage is prolongedNeglected transverse lie 忽略性横位in labor, the shoulder is forced into the pelvic but cannot descend, the hand and arm fall into the vagina, while, the head and buttocks（臀部）is obstructed above the inlet. （骨盆入口）the upper uterine segment becomes progressively thicker while the lower segment be thinner, a pathological retraction ring （病理性缩复环）can appear, the uterus may ruptureProlonged labor 滞产when the course of labor lasts for more than 24 hours it is called prolonged laborPathologic retraction ring 病理性缩复环a pathologic retraction ring (bundle ring) develops during obstructed but otherwise normal labor. The ring forms at the junction of the active upper and the relatively passive lower uterine segments and actually is the lower border of the unusually thick upper segment, because descent and expulsion（排出）of the fetus are impelled. The lower segment becomes excessively lengthened and thinned and the upper segment shortened and thickened. Unless the obstruction is overcome, the uterus may rupture（子宫破裂）. The ring can be felt and sometimes even seen as a ridge just below the umbilicus（脐）, it becomes more obvious as labor presses Constriction ring 痉挛性缩复环a constriction ring is tetanic（强直）annular（环）contraction of smooth muscle that may occur at any level in the uterine wall. The ring does not change position, and it may be applied so tightly around the fetus body that it prevents descent分娩期并发症Postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血the total blood loss with delivery and during the first 24 hours after birth is estimated to exceed 500ml正常产褥The puerperium 产褥期is the period generally 6 weeks that starts immediately after delivery and is completed when the reproductive tract has returned to the normal nonpregnant condition产褥期并发症Late puerperal hemorrhage 晚期产后出血hemorrhage may occur at any time during the first 24 hours after delivery (early delayed hemorrhage) or several days later (late delayed hemorrhage)Puerperal infection 产褥感染puerperal infection is any postpartum infection of the genital tract（生殖道）arousing partial or general infection morbidity 产褥病率puerperal morbidity is an oral temperature over 38℃2 times on any of the first 10 postpartum（产后的）days, excluding the first 24 hours子宫内膜异位症与子宫腺肌病Endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症it is the presence of functional endometrial(子宫内膜) tissue outside the uterine cavityAdenomyosis 子宫腺肌病adenomyosis means islands of endometrial tissue located deep in the myometriumAdenomyoma 子宫腺肌瘤if the endometrial（子宫内膜）implants in the myometrium（子宫肌层）and is localized as a circumscribled （局部的）mass, it is called adenomyoma on section you can see a whorled （漩涡的）grayish white mass very similar to that of a fibroid （子宫肌瘤）, but no capsule is present子宫颈肿瘤intraepithelial carcinoma or carcinoma in situ CIS 宫颈原位癌CIS of the cervix is terms used to describe the completely haphazard（杂乱无章）replacement of the stratified（分层的）epithelium上皮by abnormal cells showing the characteristic loss of polarity and nuclear atypism（非典型）and changes in nuclear cytoplasmic（细胞浆的）ratio of neoplastic（新生的）cells. The abnormal cells do not penetrate the basement membrance. The process limited to the epitheliumCarcinoma in situ with glandular involvement 原位癌累及腺体in intraepithelial carcinoma(上皮内癌症), these tumor frequently extend up into the cervical canal and replace the columnar cells（柱状上皮细胞）lining the cervical glands, put the basement membrane of the glands remains intact（完整的）and uninvadedEarly invasive carcinoma or microinvasive carcinoma 宫颈早期浸润癌或镜下浸润癌microinvasive（微创）carcinoma of the cervix is established only by histologic（组织学）study, since there is no grossly（肉眼的）visible or obvious malignant tumor in the cervix. In some cases the lesion（损伤）is largely carcinoma in situ（原位）, butpenetration（浸润）of the basement membrane by a small cluster of cells or spray of cells for a depth of less than 5mm below the basement membrane may occur. There is no evidence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion and confluence（融合）of the spray-like arrangement（排列）of cancer cellsInvasive carcinoma of cervix 宫颈浸润癌it is defined as penetration of the basement membrane by carcinoma cells with or without blood vessels or lymphatic invasion. The depth of penetration is usually greater than 5mm below the basement membraneCervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN 子宫颈上皮内瘤变a general term for thegrowth of abnormal cells on the surface of cervix. And was classified from 1~3 to described how much of the cervix contains abnormal cells子宫肿瘤Intramural myoma or interstitial myoma 肌壁间肌瘤the myoma lies within the uterine wall and surrounded by myometrium（子宫肌层）. It comprises（包括）approximately 70% of all uterine myomaSubserous myoma or subperitoneal myoma 浆膜下肌瘤the myoma just covered by the serosal（浆膜的）surface of the uterus and bulges （隆起）outward from the myometrium（子宫肌层）Intraligamentous myoma 阔韧带肌瘤the tumor that grow laterally between the leaves of the broad ligament are called intraligamentous myomaSubmucous myoma 粘膜下肌瘤the myoma lies beneath the endometrium（子宫内膜）and sticking out into the uterine cavityRed degeneration 肌瘤红色变性this type of degeneration occurs during pregnancy. Thrombosis（血栓形成）venous（静脉的）congestion（淤血）and the interstitial（间质的）hemorrhage（出血）are responsible for the color of a myoma undergoing red degeneration. The process is usually accompanied by extreme pain卵巢肿瘤Myxoma peritonei 腹膜粘液瘤in mucinous cystadenoma（粘液性囊腺瘤）a rare complication which sometimes develops if rupture of the cyst, the epithelium cells may seed onto the peritoneum（腹膜）and produce a pseudomyxoma peritonei（腹膜假粘液瘤）. The shape resembles the metastasis of ovarian carcinomaDermoid cyst 皮样囊肿the mature teratoma（畸胎瘤）which belongs to benign （良性）ovarian tumor,is also called dermoid cystMeig’s syndrome 美格斯综合征ovarian fibromas（卵巢纤维瘤）accompanied by ascites（腹水）or hydrothorax （胸水）Krukenberg’s tumor 库肯勃氏瘤an special metastatic（转移的）ovarian carcinomacomes from gastrointestinal tract, which usually bilateral（双侧的）of moderate size, and retained the normal shape of the ovary妊娠滋养细胞疾病Hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎trophoblastic cells（滋养细胞）have different degree of proliferation （增生）. There is significant cystic degeneration（囊性变）of villous（绒毛的）stroma. Various size of vesicle（水泡）are formed. Connected with small pedicle（蒂的）and looks like a cluster of grapes,so it is called hydatidiform moleInvasive mole 侵袭性葡萄胎trophoblastic cells（滋养层细胞）proliferate（增殖）more market than the cell of hydatidiform mole（葡萄胎）, the villous stroma（绒毛间质）also form grape-like vesicle(水泡状) due to cystic degeneration of stroma. It’s invasive ability is strong and can invade into the myometrium（肌层）and metastasize（转移）to romote places生殖内分泌疾病Secondary amenorrhea 继发闭经secondary amenorrhea（闭经）in the absence of menses（月经）far 6 months in a woman whose, normal menstrucation（月经）has been established or for 3 normal intervals in a womanDysfunctional uterine bleeding, DUB 功血occurence of irregular and excessive uterine bleeding, patients have no organic disorders. Uterine bleeding is caused by dysfunction of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis（下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴）Premature ovarian failure 卵巢早衰amenorrhea（闭经）failure of ovary happened before 40Sheehan’s syndrome席汉综合征this syndrome is due to atrophy （萎缩）of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, caused by ischemic（缺血的）necrosis（坏死) followed severe postpartum hemorrhage or shock. Amenorrhea（闭经）occurs with atrophy of genitalia（生殖器）. Sterility（不育）,loss of libido（性欲）and often the feature of hypothyroidism（甲减）such as loss of hair, dry wrinkled skin, apathy（冷漠）and constantly feeling coldAsherman’s syndromeamenorrhea that follows distruction or climination（消除）of the endometriu（子宫肌层）. It is usually the result of overzealous curettage（清宫术）, postpartum or artificial abortion. The result is intrauterine scarification（宫内瘢痕）, which may beseen as a pattern of multiple synechiae（粘连）on hysterography（宫腔造影）不孕症与辅助生殖技术Infertility 不孕症a couple is said to be infertile if pregnancy does not resulted after 2 years of normal sexal activity without contraceptives（避孕）rd from the myometrium（子宫肌层）计划生育Artificial abortion syndrome 人流综合征the major symptoms are brachycardia（心动过缓）,arrhymia（心律失常），hypotension（低血压），pale-faced, profuse sweating （多汗）and syncope（晕厥）even convulsion（惊厥抽搐）during the artificial abortion operation简答1.test ovarian function in amenorrhea patients卵巢功能检查(1)basal body temperature(2)cytological examination of smears from the vagina（阴道脱略细胞学）(3)diagnostic curettage（诊断性刮宫）(4)examination of cervical mucus（宫颈粘液）(5)investigation of E2 and P levels in plasma(6)B-scan ultrasonography（B超）2.Test placental function胎盘功能检查(1)test E3 in urine(2)test PRL and hPL in blood serum(3)fetal movement(4)OCT(5)test vaginal exfoliated cells（宫颈脱落细胞）(6)Manning score3.Mechanism of labor in LOA 左枕前位的分娩机制(1)engagement（衔接）(2)descent（下降）(3)flexion（俯屈）(4)internal rotation（内旋转）(5)extension（仰伸）(6)restitution（复位）(7)external rotation（外旋转）(8)expulsion of fetus（胎儿娩出）mon causes of Postpartum hemorrhage产后出血的原因(1)uterine atony（子宫收缩乏力）(2)placenta factors（胎盘因素）(3)genital tract lacerations（软产道撕裂）(4)clotting defects（凝血功能障碍）5.Operation indication of urterine myoma 子宫肌瘤的手术指征(1)menorrhagia（月经过多）leading secongdary anemia（继发贫血）(2)compression symptoms（压迫症状）of bladder or rectum（膀胱或直肠）(3)infertility（不孕）or abortion（流产）excluding other cause(4)suspicion of sarcomatous（肉瘤）change(5)severe abdominal pain, sexual pain, chronic painplication of induced abortion人流的并发症(1)uterine perforation子宫穿孔(2)artificial abortion syndrome(3)incomplete removal of the fetus and placenta吸宫不全(4)hemorrhage(5)the implanted zygote being missed by the cure漏吸或空吸(6)intrauterine adhesions宫内粘连（书上没有这一条）(7)amniotic fluid embolism（AFC，羊水栓塞）(8)infection(9)distant complication请注意：妇产科的趋势是比较少出英文简答，而是出英文选择和名解。