兰州石化职业技术学院学报
通过人偶与动作支持远距离亲密关系交流的创新设计
文章编号：１６７１－４０６７（２０２０）０２－００２５－０５通过人偶与动作支持远距离亲密关系交流的创新设计梁雯竣１，黄建华２（１．东京都立大学系统设计学院，日本东京１９２－００４５；２．兰州石化职业技术学院成人与职业培训学院，甘肃兰州７３００６０）摘要：分析和参考了目前亲密关系异地交流的相关研究和理论知识。
通过手机程序收集使用者日常动作信息，利用人偶、线的造型元素，不断完善交流装置从而支持远距离亲密关系的沟通交流，取得了良好效果。
关键词：意识；人偶；交流装置中图分类号：ＴＰ１１文献标识码：Ａ１ 设计背景介绍相比于过去，如今社会的快速发展使更多的人因为工作出差，留学等原因，他们会暂时或者永远离开熟悉的环境，与他们的亲人或者爱人相分别，这种长时间远距离的分别使双方产生特殊的情感诉求，例如渴望和对方沟通，或者希望了解对方的近况等等，而这样的情感诉求也需要一些合理的途径抒发和表达出来。
虽然，现今的智能设备如手机和书信可以使得人们随时通过文字语音以及视频相互沟通，但是因为分隔的人各自的时间和地点等因素，很难兼顾远距离亲密关系人群这一特殊群体的需求深度。
因此，对于分开生活的亲密关系人群之间而言，研究与设计具备特别关照他们情感需求的特殊沟通方式也具有现实意义和价值。
根据已有的研究和工艺作品做基础，通过研究人偶包含的特殊语义和文化背景探讨其与意识系统的兼容性，从而设计与制作一种以通过人偶的肢体语言触发意识情感的远距离的情感沟通系统———Ｐｕｐｐｅｔ意识系统，如图１所示。
收稿日期：２０２０－０１－１５作者简介：梁雯竣（１９９０－），男，甘肃兰州人，博士生．图１ Ｐｕｐｐｅｔ意识系统的制作２ 支持亲密关系沟通的相关研究作为一种重要的人际关系，亲密关系更多的涉及社会心理学。
ＪｅｓｐｅｒＫｊｅｌｄｓｋｏｖ等人曾对此做出过相关的论述［１－２］，总结了亲密关系的八个突出方面：身体上的亲密关系，非语言交流，自我披露，在场感，认知上的亲密关系，情感上的亲密关系，承诺和相互关系。
空分装置增压膨胀机控制联锁保护应用研究
文章编号：１６７１－４０６７（２０２０）０３－００１３－０３空分装置增压膨胀机控制联锁保护应用研究钱芝忠，王深涛（中国石油兰州石化公司电仪事业部，甘肃兰州７３００６０）摘要：增压透平膨胀机是空气分离设备获取冷量所必需的关键设备。
结合兰州石化公司化肥厂４＃６０００空分配套增压透平膨胀机，介绍空分装置膨胀机润滑油泵启动的设备安全保护和工艺安全措施、转速限定保护、轴承保护和启动条件要求，探讨了增压透平膨胀机控制要点。
关键词：控制；保护；安全；润滑油中图分类号：ＴＱ１１６．１１文献标识码：Ａ 增压透平膨胀机是空气分离设备获取冷量所必需的关键设备，主要由膨胀机通流部分、增压机部分和机体三部分组成。
透平膨胀机主要运用气体等熵膨胀原理，气体通过膨胀机时，其压力能转变为动能和位能，使其内能减少，温度降低，动能通过叶轮转化为机械能，带动风机或电机输出外功，同时使气体获得冷却。
透平膨胀机在降低温度获得冷量的同时，它的主轴输出的转换能量必须要被消耗掉或者加以利用，以使透平膨胀机有一个可以调节的稳定运行环境，就是所谓的制动器。
增压机制动作为制动方式的一种，同时也回收膨胀机在绝热膨胀时对外所做的功，节约能源，降低损耗，提高膨胀机的做功效率。
膨胀机做的膨胀功与同轴异端的增压机增压功相匹配。
本文以４＃６０００空分装置为例，对空分装置增压透平膨胀机控制联锁保护进行探讨研究。
兰州石化公司化肥厂４＃６０００空分装置承担着向乙烯厂各生产装置供气的任务。
装置采用四川空分设备集团提供的深冷精馏技术，采用带冷冻机预冷＋常温分子筛净化＋空气增压膨胀机制冷的全低压工艺。
生产能力为氮气１８０００Ｎｍ３／ｈ，氧气６０００Ｎｍ３／ｈ。
装置由空气压缩、空气预冷、空气纯化、增压膨胀机及精馏塔和氮气压缩等系统组成，其中精馏塔分上下两部分，上塔采用规整填料塔，下塔为筛板塔。
控制系统 收稿日期：２０２０－０５－２２作者简介：钱芝忠（１９７２－），男，甘肃兰州人，高级工程师．为横河ＣＥＮＴＵＭＣＳ３０００ＤＣＳ系统。
论动机在英语学习过程中的重要作用_英文_
文章编号:1671-4067(2003)04-0037-04How to Promote Students Motivation in the ClassroomJiang Ping(School of For eign Language,Zhejiang Univer sity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstr acts:Motivation plays a ver y important role in classroom learning.The article explains the definition and classification of motivation,then lists some factors effecting the motiva2 tion.At last the article illustrates some ways to promote the students motivation in class2 room.Key words:Motivation;factors;waysCLE number:TE626124Document code:A0IntroductionRobert Gardner sees two main ingredients in the learners success)))motivation and aptitude.M otivation consists of two chief f actors:attitudes to the learning situ2 ation,ie,to the teacher and the course.and integrative2 ness,w hich is a complex of factors about how the learner regards the culture reflected in the l2.He put the ele2 ments together to yield the f ollowing model[1].I nte grative nessA ttitudes to learning situationM otivationAptitude)L2success The above model show s the great importance of moti2 vation.w hat.s motivation?M otivation is effort w hich learners put into learning a second language as a result of their need or desire to learn it.(Ellis.1994:715)M otivation of f oreign language learning should cover goal,eff ort,sustenance.It see ms reasonable to suggest that the motivation of the student is perhaps theReceived D ate:2003-08-02Biography:Jiang Ping(1967-),female,born i n Zhejiang1Li n hai,the lectruer of forei gn language college of Yuexiu,Shaoxing1master1most important thing that he brings to the classroom.It seems to be the case that if we perceive a goal and if that goal is suf ficiently attractive,we will be strongly animat2 ed to do w hatever is necessary to reach that goal.Now w e put motivation into two types:extrinsic mo2 tivation,w hich is concerned with factors outside the class2 room,and intrinsic motivation w hich is concerned with what takes place in the classroom.1Extrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivation can be divided intoa.Integrative motivationHere the student is attracted by the culture of the target language community,and in the strong form of inte2 grative motivation wished to integrate himself into that cul2 ture.A weaker form of such motivation w ould be the stu2 dent.s desire to know as much as possible about the cul2 ture of the target language community.b.Instrument motivationHere the student believes that mastery of the target language will be instrumental in getting him a better job or position.Tw o researchers,Gardner and Lambert,suggested that the most successf ul students were integrative motivat2 ed,but this conclusion has not really been adequately第3卷第4期兰州石化职业技术学院学报Vol.3N o.4 2003年12月Journal o f Lanzhou Petrochemical College o f Technolo gy Dec.,2003substantiated.Indeed it seems that it is not so much the type of motivation that counts as its strength.Certainly a student who has strong integrative motivation will be likely to succeed,but the same is also true of the student who has strong instrumental motivation!I t is probably true that the teacher cannot create ex2 trinsic motivation,since it is the result of factors outside the classroom.But the teacher can clearly have an effect on that motivation.If the teacher is negative about the culture of the target langua ge it will be disadvantageous and it is equally true that a positive attitude towards the culture will help.A teacher who is able to enc ourage a previously unsuccessful student will be helping that stu2 dent.s motivation and attitude[2].2Intrinsic motivationIt is reasonable to suppose that many college stu2 dents have some degree of e xtrinsic motiva tion,but it w ould see m to be the case that intrinsic motivation plays by far the larger part in most student.s success or failure as language learners.M any students bring no extrinsic motivation at all to the classroom,or even nega tive feeling about language learning.For them w hat happens in the classroom will be of vital importance in determining their attitude to the language,and in supplying motivation.So w hat happens in the classroom will have an important ef2 fect on students w ho are already in some way extrinsically motivated.We can consider factors affecting intrinsic motivation under the heading of interest,self-confi2 dence,appropriated level of teaching,the teacher.s method,interactive activity,learning involvement,suc2 cess,and physical condition[3].211Inter est.Interest plays an important role in learning.Accord2 ing to intrinsic motivation theory,interest is an inborn drive to display one.s ability and confidence,expectation value theory defines interest as the attract of the task that can be accomplished.A Chinese saying goes/Interest is the best teacher0.It tell us the important role that the in2 terest of the students play in their learning.In order to arouse the students interest in the classroom,the teachers should[4]1a1add more materials that fit the appetites of the stu2 dents,such as English sports ne ws,pop songs,and the development of the up-to-date science technology. W hat.s more,the teachers may even let the students choose subjects that they are mostly fond of.b1give students continuous assessment and make record of personal achievement.In this way,the students will kno w how much they have achieved after certain peri2 od of time and hard working.M eanwhile,if the teacher give timely encouragement to the students,they will be more and more interested in w hat they are learning.c1ask the students to give lessons to other students for5-10minutes at the beginning of each class.They will do a w onderful job af ter a caref ul preparation.If their performance win applause from the peers,they will be greatly satisfied,because they feel they have accom2 plished a task,and will be more confident[5].212SuccessHaving self-confidence or lack of it plays a vital part in the motivational drive of a student.B oth complete failure and complete success may be de-motivating.It will be the teacher.s job to set goals and tasks a t w hich most of the students can be successful1M uch of the teacher.s w ork in the classroom con2 cerns getting the level of the right of challenge:this in2 volves the type of tasks set,the speed expected from the student,etc.Ultima tely a students success or failure is in his ow n hands,but the teacher can influence the course of events in the student.s favor.213Appropr iate level of teaching.If w hat is taught in the class is too easy,students will be relaxed and learn little.In f oreign language de2 partments or colleges,the lessons given by some foreign teachers are less welcomed by students because they have no idea of the students language level.What they teach is too easy for the students.and the students became demo2 tivated.On the other hand,if w hat is taught in the class is too difficult and most of the students can.t understand, it will not be effective either.The material the teacher provides f or the students should not be too difficult or too easy.214Teaching method#38#兰州石化职业技术学院学报2003年The method by w hich students are taught must have some effect on their motivation.If they find it deadly bor2 ing they will probably become demotivated,whereas if they have confidence in the method they will find it moti2 vating.But perhaps this is the most difficult area of all to be certain of.We think that motivated student will proba2 bly succeed whatever method is used.It is also true that different students are more or less sympathetic to any par2 ticular method depending upon their expectations.The students confidence in the method largely depends on the teacher.s ability to he both adaptable and fle xible.Adaptability refers to the teacher.s ability to choose and adapt his program on the basis of he different students he finds himself teaching,because dif ferent students have motivational differences.And these should have a pow er2 ful influence on the teacher.s use and choice of activities and materials.Flexibility ref ers to the behavior of the teacher in the class and his ability to be sensitive to the changing of needs of the group as the lesson progress.He must be prepared to adapt and alter his plan if this proves to be necessary.The teac hing method of adaptability and flexibility make the real diff erence between teaching and learning.The adaptable teacher is the one who knows how to teach and is clear about the effect his teachings having on his students.The teacher w ho is flexible and is pre2 pared to adapt,on the other hand,is the teacher who carefully assesses his beliefs and plans in the light of the particular situation he is faced with,and whose main c on2 cern is that acquisition and learning should take place.The good teaching method sees the students continu2 ing interest and involvement in the learining process as being the dominating factor in language teaching,and tries to focus the students on learning to learn1From a pedagogical point of view,the students learning activeties should be directed at activating his ow n prior conceptions and relating it to ne w kno wledge1Because the students don.t just passively take in knowledge,but activedy con2 structs it on the basis of his/her prior kno wledge and e x2 periences(Piaget,1972).Accordingly,the teacher should provide the students with opportunities to test and try out his ne w conceptual understanding in varied applied cir2 cumstances like problem solving1(Wilson11996)215Self-confidenceSelf confidence also plays a very important role in maintaining motivation.At first,students should read or listen something easy,which can catch their attention and help them to build self-confidence of success.the teacher should give students more encouragement rather than scold them.Because those with strong self-confi2 dence will e xplore their own potential ability more readily, and they are more clear about their ow n responsibility in study.In learning foreign language,this is very impor2 tant.If a student lacks of self-confidence,he will not dare to open his mouth to practice English.So the teacher should offer students such a feeling;you are capable,so long as you are confident and pay more ef forts,you,of course,can learn English well[6].216Inter actional activityL earning is not only a process of kno wledge con2 struction but also social interaction.(Steff&G ale,1995) .In class,the teacher should not take spoon-feeding method,in whic h the teacher speak in the whole class, but leave much room for the students to talk themselves. The teacher can provide them some interesting topics, asking them to make up dialogues,or have a discussion or even have a debate.In this way,the students will not on2 ly have more chances to open their mouth to improve their oral English,but know each other better..Thereafter, they will improve their f riendship.Thus,their interest in learning will be greatly aroused and strengthened.At last they will make great progress in learning mutually.3ConclusionsWe ha ve seen that dif ferent factors may af fec t a stu2 dent.s motivation,stressing that a strongly motivated stu2 dent is in a far be tter position as a learner than a student who is not motivated.We ha ve seen that the teacher must strive to make his class interesting and help students to build self-con2 fidence,that he must pay attention to the appropriate lev2 el of teachings within the class,and that he must be tech2 nically adapt at ways of getting students to learn and ac2 quire language well.Teachers,too,must realize the importance of self-reliances on motivation They must be able to assess the#39#Jiang Ping1Ho w to Pro mo te Studen ts.Motivation in the Classro omstudents ability so that the latter are faced w ith the right challenge.Refer ences:[1] Vi vian Cook .Seco nd Language Learning and LanguageTeaching.[M]1[2] Harmer Jeremy .The Practice o f English L anguage Teaching.[M]1New edition[3] Sanna Jarvela,Markku Niemivirta:The changes in learningtheory and the topicality of the recent research o n motivation[J].Research Dialo gue in Learning and Instruction,1999,50-521[4] Edward L.Deci ,Richard M.Ryan,and Geoffereyc.Williams .Need satisfaction and self-reg ulatiion of learnin g [J].Research Dialo gue in Learning and Instruction,1999,26-281[5] 扬国俊1论大学英语学习动机的强化策略[J]1Forei gnL anguage W orld,2002,(3):32-331[6] Liu yuping.Success in Lan guage Learning .中国背景下的高校英语教学[M]1北京:高等教育出版社1[7] 张文鹏1外语学习动力与策略运用之关系[J]1外语与外语教学,1998,(3):29-301论动机在英语学习过程中的重要作用蒋萍(浙江大学外国语学院;浙江杭州310027)摘要:动机在英语学习过程中起着十分重要的作用,从表层动机、深层动机两个方面分析了如何提高学生学习英语的兴趣,教师如何围绕提高学生动机水平而组织教学,从而提出了旨在全面培养学生英语应用能力的有效方法。
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文章编号:1671-4067(2007)01-0017-03基于FPG A/CP LD技术的数字频率计设计苏 青,张 红(日照职业技术学院机电工程系,山东日照276800)摘 要:简述了基于FPG A/CP LD技术的数字频率计的总体设计。
利用MUX+P LUSⅡ和p r otel99对系统原理图进行设计以及仿真;使用vhdl软件对硬件系统进行编程、仿真、测试;使用Pr otel99软件制作印刷电路板;运用单片机编程语言对AT89C51编程并通过仿真器将程序写入芯片,对系统进行调试,实现了测频功能。
关键词:数字频率计;电子设计自动化;FPG A/CP LD;可编程逻辑器件;在系统编程技术中图分类号:TP39119 文献标识码:A 近年,在现代电子系统设计领域中,电子设计自动化已成为重要的设计手段。
搭电路,逻辑功能的调试可被E DA中的仿真取代。
这样做即可节省时间又能避免不必要的损失。
数字频率计的设计,其功能是实现信号的频率、周期、占空比以及脉宽等指标的测量。
本设计用到了数字系统设计理论、单片机理论、电子技术等方面的知识。
硬件主要使用Lattice I SP1032芯片、AT89C51芯片、LE D显示器以及其他必要的元件;软件使用了VHDL语言[1]、MCS-51单片机语言以及MUX+P ULSⅡ设计平台。
1 设计内容基于传统测频原理的频率计的测量精度将随被测信号的下降而下降,在使用中有较大的局限性,而本课题要求设计的等精度频率计不但具有较高的测量精度,而且在整个频率区域能保持恒定的测试精度。
同时可通过不同的按键选择不同的测试项目。
2 设计指标本课题要求达到的设计指标包括以下三个方面: 1)频率测试功能 测频范围约100Hz,测频精 收稿日期:2006-12-18作者简介:苏 青(1979-),女,山东邹平人,助讲,硕士生.度为测频全域相对误差为百万分之一。
2)脉宽测试功能 测试范围0.1us～1s,测试精度0.01us。
从诗歌的内在节奏探寻诗歌的朗读教学
文章编号：1671－4067（2019）01－0074－03从诗歌的内在节奏探寻诗歌的朗读教学马晓君（云南师范大学文学院，云南昆明650500）摘要：在当前的诗歌教学中，朗读节奏主要是依靠诗歌的韵脚、平仄以及停顿等外在节奏，但诗歌的外在节奏是其内在节奏的呈现，诗人的情绪融合在内在节奏中。
诗人的感情，以及由此造成的意象密度与朗读的强弱起伏、紧张程度密切相关，故朗读教学的首要目标是找准诗歌的内在节奏。
可通过词语的色彩分析、知人论世等方法去判断其情感性质，通过听、说、读、写的结合去分析其感情、意象的疏密，去处理朗读中的紧张与松弛。
关键词：诗歌教学；朗读；内在节奏；意象密度；情感密度中图分类号：G632文献标识码：A诗歌，是中小学语文教材中较为重要的一种体裁。
其教学目标主要是学生通过朗读，掌握诗歌的体裁特征，欣赏其音乐美、建筑美和绘画美，感悟作者的思想情感，对于继承和发展我国优秀传统文化也有一定的作用。
无论是古代诗歌，还是现代诗歌，甚至外国诗歌，其学习过程都离不开朗读。
以诗为歌，对于其节奏的掌握就尤为重要。
声、韵、律是构成诗歌节奏的重要因素，在一般的诗歌朗读教学中，平仄、韵脚、停顿等外在节奏是教学重点。
著名学者孙绍振在《文学创造论》中提到：“通常理解的诗的节奏大抵偏重于外部节奏，其实更重要的是内部节奏。
”［1］外部节奏为内部节奏服务，是内部节奏的体现，故对于诗歌的朗读教学，内部节奏的探寻不可忽视。
1诗歌内在节奏与诗人情绪的统一诗歌的节奏包括内在节奏和外在节奏，外在节奏主要表现为平仄押韵、分节断句、语音的轻重、语速的快慢、语气的升降等，而内在的节奏则是诗人情绪的变化起伏和感情与意象的疏密相间所造成的一种变化感。
郭沫若在《论诗四札》中提到诗歌的内在节奏最主要的是隐藏在其中的诗人情绪的自然消涨。
戴望舒更加细化了此观点，其认为：诗的韵律不在字的抑扬顿挫上，而在诗的情绪的抑扬顿挫上，即收稿日期：2019－03－11作者简介：马晓君（1991－），女，山东诸城人，硕士生．在诗的情绪上。
宝天高速公路K83+650~K84+100段滑坡稳定性分析与治理
文章编号：１６７１－４０６７（２０２０）０４－００２０－０４宝天高速公路Ｋ８３＋６５０～Ｋ８４＋１００段滑坡稳定性分析与治理金兆鑫１，贾存鹏１，２，庞建平２（１．兰州石化职业技术学院土木工程学院，甘肃兰州７３００６０；２．甘肃省交通规划勘察设计院股份有限公司，甘肃兰州７３００３０）摘要：通过分析宝天高速公路Ｋ８３＋６５０～Ｋ８４＋１００段滑坡的变形特征，依据现场勘探的资料，采用传递系数法和不平衡推力法计算了该段滑坡的稳定系数和滑坡推力。
计算结果表明，在天然和天然＋暴雨两种工况下该段滑坡浅层滑坡处于欠稳定状态，深层滑坡处于基本稳定的状态，在综合分析滑坡特征、地层岩性和施工条件的基础上，制定了削方减载＋桩板墙＋截排水的具体治理措施关键词：滑坡；变形特征；传递系数法；治理中图分类号：Ｕ４１８．５５文献标识码：Ａ 近年来，随着我国经济的飞速发展，山区修建的高速公路里程越来越多，高速公路的修建对大量原始土体进行了开挖，由于山区特殊的水文地质条件，使得滑坡成为威胁人民生命财产及高速公路正常运行的安全隐患之一［１－２］。
因此，高速公路两侧沿线滑坡稳定性分析与治理成为一个日益突出的问题［３］，由于滑坡灾害的发生与地形地貌、滑坡所处的地层岩性、环境、气候等因素密切相关，发生机理各不相同。
因此，滑坡治理工程往往是一项复杂的系统工程，只能通过滑坡产生的机理、规模并结合地形地貌、施工条件进行有针对性的给出合理的设计方案进行治理［４－５］。
宝鸡至天水高速公路是国家规划的国家高速公路网连霍高速的组成路段，是甘肃省干线公路网“四纵四横四重”主骨架的组成部分。
宝天高速公路在国家路网中起承东启西的作用，是西域边疆及西北广大地区与我国东南地区陆路间公路交通运输的重要通道之一，也是甘、青、新等西部省区与东部地区经济交流与合作的主要纽带和桥梁，在政治、经济、国防上有着显著的战略意义。
收稿日期：２０２０－０８－２５基金项目：兰州石化职业技术学院２０１９年教科研项目（ＫＪ２０１９－１５）；兰州市市委组织部人才项目（２０１７－ＲＣ－５２）作者简介：金兆鑫（１９８７－），甘肃兰州人，讲师，硕士．本文以宝鸡－天水高速公路Ｋ８３＋６５０～Ｋ８４＋１００段滑坡为工程研究对象，对该段滑坡的变形特征及稳定性进行了研究分析，治理方法做了工程设计，为宝天高速沿线类似滑坡治理给出工程参考和借鉴。
基于改进支持向量机的风电机组故障分类识别
第17卷第4期2017年12月兰州石化职业技术学院学报Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical PolytechnicVol. 17 No.4Dec. ,017文章编号：1671 -4067(2017)04 -0008 -04基于改进支持向量机的风电机组故障分类识别常勇\杨梅2(1.兰州石化职业技术学院电子电气工程学院，甘肃兰州730060;.武威市凉州区职业中等专业学校，甘肃武威733000)摘要：针对支持向量在分类过程中，特别是对于非线性可分问题，如果采用不同的核函数，支持向量机（SVM)可以构造不同的学习机器和分类模型，从而导致分类算法复杂且分类精度较低。
研究了 SVM的轴承诊断原理，测试诊断方案及原始测试数据的特征提取，最后进行了数据训练和测试实验仿真，然后对风力发电机组机械故障进行诊断，实验说明了改进后的SVM故障分类方法的可行性和有效性。
在建立故障分类模型之后，采用网格搜索法、遗传算法、粒子群算法对支持向量机的惩罚参数C和径向基核函数参数y进行优化选择，通过分析发现故障分类精度提升比较明显。
关键词：支持向量机（SVM);惩罚参数;径向基核函数;粒子群算法中图分类号：TM614 文献标识码：A1概述在传统的学习理论中，往往需要很丰富的先验 知识，并且有足够多的训练样本进行训练后，才能使 模型逼近真实值。
但是在实际运用中，当我们处理 数据时，并不一定完全了解关于数据背景的知识，因此对模型结构的确定比较困难。
在故障诊断方面，能够采集到的故障样本数据非常有限，想要实现机 器学习理论比较困难。
20世纪60年代，Vapnik等 研究者提出了统计学习理论（Statistical Learning Theory)，被广泛应用于各个领域。
由于统计学习理 论是针对有限学习样本下机器学习规律的研究，探 讨如何在信息量很缺乏的情况下得到理想结果[1]。
支持向量机理论（Support Vector Machines-SV M)就 是建立在统计学理论的基础上的新的学习算法，在 学习样本缺乏的情况下，具有很强的泛化能力、非线 性处理能力和高维处理能力，具有独特的优势，以结 构风险最小原则来提高自身的学习推广能力，因此 被广泛应用于不同的领域[2_6]。
故障信号采集中的采样长度_时间间隔和频率的关系
故障信号采集中的采样长度、时间间隔和频率的关系袁中文(兰州石化职业技术学院机械系,甘肃兰州730060)摘 要:讨论了故障信号采集中采样长度、时间间隔和频率的关系。
关键词:信号采集;时间间隔;采样长度;频率中图分类号:TH131 问题 动态信号中蕴含着设备的状态变化和故障特征的丰富信息,采集信号的准确和真实与否直接关系到进一步诊断设备故障原因和采取的措施。
工程领域的各种信号随时间的变化表现为多种形式,如简谐的、周期的、瞬态的、随机的等等,这些被检测的信号由于系统传递路径、环境噪音的影响和各种机械元件的联合作用,构成信号的成分很复杂。
同一个故障状态可能由于采样的时间和长度的不同,得出大相径庭的结论,会对设备的检修造成不可估量的损失。
2 原因 在采样过程中合理确定间隔和长度,是保证采样得到的数字信号能够真实反映原信号的基本条件。
如果采样间隔△t取得大,则采样频率f s(f s= 1/△t)低,当f s低于所分析信号的最高频率f max的二倍时,就会引起“频率混淆”现象,使得原信号中的频率成分出现在数字信号中完全不同的频率处,造成信号的失真。
图1示出了原始信号中的最高频率fmax与采样频率fs之间的关系。
从图中看出,当采样频率大于二倍最高分析频率时,采样结果均能反映原始波形中的最高频率成分,即采样频率应满足条件: f s≥2f max(1)…………………………………图1 频率混淆现象 如果f s<2f max,如图中的(c)、(d)、(e),则原始的高频波形被误认为低频现象(图中虚线所示),这样就会引起频率混淆。
这样的例子很多,如:拍摄电影中的“车轮效应”就是其中之一,我们看电影时有时看到前进中的车轮好像在向后倒转,这是因为车轮的转动速度远远大于影片的换帧速度,而影片中的每一帧就相当一次离散采样,因此在人们的视觉上造成车轮倒转或转得很慢的错觉。
为了不产生频混现象,解决的办法之一就是提高采样频率,使之满足(1)式的要求,此式即为有名的采样定理,不产生频混现象的最小采样频率,称为奈奎斯特(Nyquist)采样率。
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兰州石化职业技术学院学报第9卷第2期 2009年6月目次【工程技术研究与应用】抗坏血酸存在下六氮杂铜配合物修饰金电极对多巴胺的分析测定吴海霞，董树清, 康敬万, 冯文成 ,杨西萍 ,高兰玲（1）苯并-15-冠-5缩氨基硫脲类化合物的合成方法研究周艳青，魏太保，张有明（6）气井连续携液模型对比研究及新模型的现场验证杜敬国，蒋建勋，王臣君（9）UV法快速测定休闲食品、调味品中山梨酸的含量丁邦东，于晓萍（13）CFD数值模拟在调节阀中的试验分析贾汝民，张伟政,赵忠宪,史可忠 ,李芸（16）变半径补偿宏程序在轮廓倒圆角中的应用倪春杰（19）焊剂带约束电弧超窄间隙焊接试验方法及装置黄斌维, 王建勋（22）石油化工装置不锈钢复合钢板的焊接工艺杨清林（26）牵引电机试验系统设计与仿真研究陈胤，张磊，赵少伟（29）电机软启动器的MATLAB仿真分析郭斌（32）一种伪32位MD5加密算法设计与实现周立民，张丽景（35）基于Bb平台建设软件技术专业共享型资源库的实践张丽景，宋贤钧，王炳鹏，周立民（38）【人文社会科学研究】传统现实主义与结构现实主义权力学说的比较王大庆（41）高校数字图书馆的网络安全管理李毅，刘蓉（46）【高职教育教学研究】面向职业能力培养的实训项目标准的研究与实践杨柳春,汝宇林（49）《桌面应用程序设计》精品课程建设概要田春婷（55）基于EXCEL LINK的试卷深度分析张利民（60）基于AHP-Fuzzy法的职业教育课程改革评价系统研究马丽芳（64）高职院校人事制度改革的实践与思考祁克顺（68）对高职院校开设就业指导课的思考闫学林（71）【基础研究】基于模糊决策分析法的NBA赛程评价模型童强,彭涓, 童艳（74）专科学生语用能力培养模式的实证研究金仁旻（78）期刊基本参数：CN621168／G4*1986*q*A4*80*zh*P*￥8.00*1000*22*2009-06*n责任编辑：蔡建刚英文编辑：王鹏校对：陈胤兰州石化职业技术学院学报 2009-02期摘要第9卷第2期兰州石化职业技术学院学报 Vol.9 No.22009年6月Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical College of TechnologyJun., 2009文章编号：1671-4067(2009)02-0001-05抗坏血酸存在下六氮杂铜配合物修饰金电极对多巴胺的分析测定吴海霞1，董树清2,康敬万2,冯文成1,杨西萍1,高兰玲1(1．兰州石化职业技术学院石油化学工程系，甘肃兰州 730060;2．西北师范大学化学化工学院，甘肃兰州 730070）摘要：利用自组装的方法制备了一种新型六氮杂铜配合物修饰的金电极。
采用循环伏安法和电化学隧道扫描显微镜对该电极进行了表征。
计算了该电极电子转移系数为0.42，标准速率常数为38S-1。
该电极可以有效地催化氧化多巴胺，当抗坏血酸浓度为1～5mmol/L时，可用于多巴胺的分析测定，检测限低至1.8×10-8mol/L。
关键词：六氮杂铜修饰金电极;多巴胺分析测定中图分类号： O657.1 文献标识码： A收稿日期：2009-04-13基金项目：甘肃省教育厅基金项目（0615-2）；石化职业技术学院科教基金（K06-3）作者简介：吴海霞（1976-）,女，甘肃宁县人，讲师，硕士.参考文献:［1］ P Damier, E C Hirsch, Y Agid, A M Graybiel, The substantia nigra of the human brain - II. Patterns of loss of dopamine-containing neurons in Parkinson's disease ［J］. Brain, 1999,122:1437-1448.［2］何小荣,孙先辉 亚甲基兰中性红聚合膜电极对多巴胺的分析测定［J］.兰州石化职业技术学院学报,2008，（3）:1-3.［3］ A Dalmia, C C Liu, R F Savinell, Electrochemical behavior of gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers with an acidic end group for selective detection of dopamine［J］. J. Electroanal. Chem,1997,430 : 205-214.［4］吴海霞,何小荣 中性红聚合膜的电化学性质及对多巴胺的测定［J］.天水师范学院学报,2008，（2）:73-75.［5］H Razmi, M Agazadeh, B Habibi-A, Electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine at aluminum electrode modified with nickel pentacyanonitrosylferrate films［J］.J.Electroanal. Chem. 2003,547 :25-33.［6］Yongsheng Wang, Jingwan Kang, Haixia Wu, etal.. Electrochemical behavior and analytical applications of self-assembled monolayers on gold electrode with a cobaltous porphyrin［J］. Anal. Lett.,2004,37 :575-590.［7］X.Q Lu., K.M.Zhu, M.Zhang, Voltammetric studies of the interaction of transition-metal complexes with DNA［J］.J. Biochem. Biophys, Methods. 2002,52: 189-200［8］H Munakata, S Kuwabata, Y Ohko, H Yoneyama, Spatial distribution of domains in binary self-assembled monolayers of thiols having different lengths［J］. J. Electroanal. Chem, 2001,496:29-36.［9］E Laviron, A Koichi, O Jane Theory of differential pulse polarography at expanding or stationary planar electrodes for quasi-reversible or totally irreversible reactions［J］. J. Electroanal. Chem, 1979,101:19-36.［10］ J M Zen, P J Chen, An Ultrasensitive Voltammetric Method for Dopamine and Catechol Detection Using Clay-Modified Electrodes［J］. Electroanalysis, 1998,10:12-15.［11］M Chen, H L Li, Separation of Anodic Peaks of Ascorbic Acid and Dopamine at 4-Hydroxy-2-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine Modified Gold Electrode［J］. Electroanalysis,1998,27:477-479.［12］J W Mo, B Ogorevc, Simultaneous Measurement of Dopamine and Ascorbate at Their Physiological Levels Using Voltammetric Microprobe Based on Overoxidized Poly(1,2-phenylenediamine)-Coated Carbon Fiber ［J］.Anal.Chem, 2001,73:1196-1202.［13］G N Kamau, J F Rusling, Resolution of ascorbic acid or catecholamine and indole alkaloid mixtures by pulse voltammetry at highly polished glassy carbon［J］. Electroanalysis,1994,6:445-450.［14］H Zhao, Y Z Zhang, Z B Yuan, Study on the electrochemical behavior of dopamine with poly(sulfosalicylic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode［J］.Anal.Chim.Acta., 2001,441: 117-122.Determination of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acidusing hexaaza copper(II) complex modified electrodeWU Hai-xia1, DONG Shu-qing2, KANG Jing-wan2，FENG Wen-cheng1,YANG Xi-ping1,GAO Lan-ling1(1. Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou Petrochemical College of Vocational Technology, Lanzhou 730060, China; 2.College of Chemistry, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)Abstract:The hexaaza macrocyclic copper(II) complex modified gold electrode(Cu(II)L-TCA/Au) was prepared. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) were used to determine the electrochemical properties of the film. The modified electrode was an effective mediator for the electrocatalytic oxidation of the dopamine and the modification allowed dopamine to be determined in the presence of ascorbic acid in the range from 1 to 5mmol/Lin pH 7.6 Tris-HCl buffer solution. The detection limit(S/N=3) obtained by differential pulse voltammetry was 1.8×10-8 mol/L.Keywords:Cu(II)L-TCA/Au modified gold electrode; Dopamine; determination第9卷第2期兰州石化职业技术学院学报 Vol.9 No.22009年6月Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical College of TechnologyJun., 2009文章编号：1671-4067(2009)02-0006-03苯并-15-冠-5缩氨基硫脲类化合物的合成方法研究周艳青1，2，魏太保1，张有明1(1.西北师范大学化学化工学院甘肃省高分子重点实验室，甘肃兰州,730070;2.兰州石化职业技术学院石油化学工程系，甘肃兰州,730060)摘要：叙述了9个苯并-15-冠-5缩氨基硫脲类化合物在以乙醇为溶剂，浓盐酸为催化剂回流与微波辐射条件下的合成方法研究。