黄浦一模
【2025届上海高三一模数学】2025届上海市黄浦区高三数学一模试卷及解析

黄浦区2024学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试数学试卷(完卷时间:120分钟 满分:150分)考生注意:1.每位考生应同时收到试卷和答题卷两份材料,解答必须在答题卷上进行,写在试卷上的解答一律无效.2.答卷前,考生务必将姓名,准考证号等相关信息在答题卷上填写清楚. 3.本试卷共21道试卷.一,填空题(本大题共有12题,满分54分.其中第1~6题每题满分4分,第7~12题每题满分5分)考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果.1.若集合{}1,2A =,{}1,3B =,则A B = .2.不等式2320x x -+<的解集为3.椭圆22143x y +=的焦距是 .4.若圆柱的底面半径与高均为1,则其侧面积为 . 5.61x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式的常数项为6.若正数x ,y 满足41x y +=,则xy 的最大值为 .7.从A 校高一年级学生中抽取66名学生测量他们的身高,其中最大值为184cm,最小值152cm,绘制身高频率分布直方图,若组距为3,且第一组下限为151.5,则组数为 .8.在正四面体ABCD 中,点N 是ABC 的中心,若(),,R DN DA DB BC λμνλμν=++∈,则λμν++= .9.若()3f x x =,()()(),0,,0,f x xg x f x x ⎧≥⎪=⎨-<⎪⎩则不等式()g x x <-的解集为 .10.i 为虚数单位,若复数1z 满足1|1i |z -+,复数2z 满足221i z z =+-,则12z z -的最小值为 .11.一个机器零件的形状是有缺口的圆形铁片,如图中实线部分为裁剪后的形状.已知这个圆的半径是13cm,8cm AB =,6cm BC =,且AB BC ⊥,则圆心到点B 的距离约为 cm .(结果精确到0.1cm )12.设常数b 为整数,数列{}n a 的通项公式为()22n b a n b =++,若12m m m a a a ++++(1m ≥,Z m ∈)的最小值为 7,则b = .二,选择题(本大题共有4题,满分18分.其中第13-14题每题满分4分,第15-16题每题满分5分)每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得满分,否则一律得零分.13.掷一颗质地均匀的骰子,观察朝上面的点数.设事件E :点数是奇数,事件F :点数是偶数,事件G :点数是3的倍数,事件H :点数是4.下列每对事件中,不是互斥事件的为( ) A .E 与FB .F 与GC .E 与HD .G 与H14.若从正方体八个顶点中任取四个顶点分别记为A ,B ,C ,D ,则直线AB 与CD 所成角的大小不可能为( ) A .30B .45C .60D .9015.设02πx ≤<,满足ππsin sin sin 66x x ⎛⎫+=+ ⎪⎝⎭的x 的个数为( )A .0个B .1个C .2个D .无数个16.设函数()y f x =在区间I 上有导函数()y f x '=,且()0f x '<在区间I 上恒成立,对任意的x I ∈,有()f x I ∈.对于各项均不相同的数列{}n a ,1a I ∈,()1n n a f a +=,下列结论正确的是( ) A .数列{}21n a -与{}2n a 均是严格增数列 B .数列{}21n a -与{}2n a 均是严格减数列C .数列{}21n a -与{}2n a 中的一个是严格增数列,另一个是严格减数列D .数列{}21n a -与{}2n a 均既不是严格增数列也不是严格减数列三,解答题(本大题共有5题,满分78分)解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.17.如图,在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E 是1BC 的中点.(1)求证:1⊥BC 平面CDE .(2)求直线DE 与平面ABCD 所成角的大小. 18.已知()sin f x x =.(1)求函数()π2y f x f x ⎛⎫=⋅- ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期.(2)求函数23πy f x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦的单调减区间.19.A 校高一年级共有学生330名,为了解该校高一年级学生的身高情况,学校采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取66名学生,其中女生32名,男生34名,测量他们的身高.(1)该校高一学生中男,女生各有多少名?(2)若从这66名学生中随机抽取两名,求这两名都是男生的概率.(3)在32名女生身高的数据中,其中一个数据记录有误,错将165cm 记录为156cm,由错误数据求得这32个数据的平均数为161cm,方差为23.6875,求原始数据的平均数及方差.(平均数结果保留精确值,方差结果精确到0.01)20.双曲线()2222Γ:10,0x y a b a b -=>>的左,右焦点分别为F c ,0 ,()2,0F c (0c >),过点1F 的直线l 与Γ右支在x 轴上方交于点A .(1)若a 点A 的坐标为(3,4),求c 的值.(2)若212AF F F ⊥,且,,a b c 是等比数列,求证:直线l 的斜率为定值.(3)设直线l 与Γ左支的交点为B ,3c =,当且仅当a 满足什么条件时,存在直线l ,使得2||||AB AF =成立.21.函数()y f x =的定义域为D ,在D 上仅有一个极值点0x ,方程()0f x =在D 上仅有两解,分别为1x ,2x ,且102x x x <<.若1202x x x +>,则称函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点左偏移,若1202x x x +<,则称函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点右偏移. (1)设()21f x x =-,R D =,判断函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点是否左偏移或右偏移?(2)设0m >且1m ≠,()32f x x mx x m =--+,()0,D =+∞,求证:函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点右偏移.(3)设R a ∈,()ln f x x ax =-,()0,D =+∞,求证:当10e a -<<时,函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点左偏移.1.{}1,2,3【分析】根据并集的定义运算即可.【详解】因为{}1,2A =,{}1,3B =,所以{}1,2,3A B = . 故答案为: {}1,2,3.2.()1,2【分析】根据二次不等式的求解方法求解即可【详解】因为()()2320210x x x x -+<⇔--<.所以不等式的解集为:{|12}x x <<. 故答案为:()1,2.3.2【详解】分析:由椭圆方程可求a b ,,然后由c =可求c ,进而可求焦距详解:∵椭圆22143x y +=,2a b ∴==,∴122c c ==∴=,. 即答案为2.点睛:本题主要考查了椭圆的性质的简单应用,属基础题4.2π【分析】根据圆柱的侧面积公式直接计算可得. 【详解】由题意,圆柱的侧面积为:2π2πrh S ==. 故答案为:2π5.20【详解】61x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式的通项为662166C C r r r r rr T x x x ---+==.令620r -=得3r =.所以61x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式的常数项为36C 20=.6.116【分析】令14x y =-,再结合二次函数的性质求解即可.【详解】因为正数x ,y 满足41x y +=,所以14x y =-. 所以()22111444816xy y y y y y æöç÷=-=-+=--+ç÷èø.所以当18y =时,最大值为116. 故答案为:116. 7.11【分析】根据组距即可求解.【详解】第一组下限为151.5,组距为3,所以151.5310181.5+⨯=. 故第11组的下限为181.5,因此组数为11. 故答案为:11 8.##1【分析】依题意设OA a =,OB b =,OC c =,利用勾股定理即可得到a b c ==,设该正四面体的棱长为√2,求出点的坐标,结合DN DA DB BC λμν=++利用空间向量法计算求解.【详解】因为在正四面体ABCD 中,AB BC CA ==,正四面体ABCD 的顶点A ,B ,C 分别在两两垂直的三条射线,,Ox Oy Oz 上. 设OA a =,OB b =,OC c =.由,,OA OB OC 两两垂直,得222222a b b c c a +=+=+. 所以a b c ==,即OA OB OC ==,所以O ABC -是正三棱锥.设该正四面体的棱长为√2,则1a b c ===,于是A 1,0,0 ,()()()0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1B C D .又点N 是ABC 的中心,所以111,,333N ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.所以()()()222,,,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1333DN DA DB BC ⎛⎫=---=--=--=- ⎪⎝⎭因为DN DA DB BC λμν=++ ,所以()()()222,,0,1,11,0,10,1,1333λμν⎛⎫---=--+--+- ⎪⎝⎭.可得232323μλνλμν⎧-=-⎪⎪⎪-=--⎨⎪⎪-=--+⎪⎩,得231313μνλ⎧=⎪⎪⎪=⎨⎪⎪=⎪⎩.可得43λμν++=.故答案为:43. 9.()1,0-【分析】先求出分段函数()g x 的解析式,再求不等式()g x x <-的解集. 【详解】0x ≥时,()3g x x =.0x <时,0x ->, ()()33g x x x =-=-.∴()33,0,,0,x x g x x x ⎧≥=⎨-<⎩由()g x x <-得,30x x x ≥⎧⎨<-⎩,①或30x x x <⎧⎨-<-⎩②不等式组①无解.不等式组②的解集为()1,0-综上,不等式()g x x <-的解集为()1,0-. 故答案为:()1,0-.10.2【分析】设111i z a b =+,11,a b ∈R ,222i z a b =+,22,a b ∈R ,由题设易得1z 对应的点()11,a b 的轨迹是以()1,1-为圆心,以r =,2z 对应的点()22,a b 是直线10x y -+=上一点,进而结合圆上一点到直线上一点的距离最值问题求解即可.【详解】设111i z a b =+,11,a b ∈R .则()()111111i i 1i 11i z a b a b -+=+-+=-++.由1|1i |z -+,≤.即()()2211112a b -++≤.则复数1z 对应的点()11,a b 的轨迹是以()1,1-为圆心,以r =. 设222i z a b =+,22,a b ∈R ,则()()222221i=i 1i 11i z a b a b +-++-=++-.由221i z z =+-,=.整理得,2210a b -+=.则复数2z 对应的点()22,a b 是直线10x y -+=上一点. 又()()()1211221212i i i z z a b a b a a b b -=+-+=-+-.所以12z z -=()11,a b 与点()22,a b 之间的距离.因为圆心()1,1-到直线10x y -+=的距离为2d ==.所以12z z -的最小值为22d r -==.. 11.7.3【分析】利用圆的对称性及三角恒等变换,余弦定理计算即可. 【详解】如图所示,设圆心为D ,AC 的中点为E ,则13AD =.由题意易知102AC AE ===. 则54123cos ,cos ,sin ,sin 135135AE AB DAC BAC DAC BAC AD AC ∠==∠==∴∠=∠=.所以()5412356cos cos 13513565BAD DAC BAC ∠=∠-∠=⨯+⨯=. 由余弦定理知2222cos 53.8BD AD AB AD AB BAD =+-⋅⋅∠=. 所以7.3cm BD ≈. 故答案为:7.3.12.6-【分析】根据对称轴n b =-在数轴上的位置分类讨论,结合二次函数的性质研究最值,进而求解.【详解】由题意知Z b ∈.当1b -≤,即1b ≥-时,根据二次函数的性质可知,数列{}n a 在[)1,+∞上单调递增. 此时12m m m a a a ++++的最小值为123a a a ++,故1237a a a ++=-. 可得()212b b ++()222b b +++()2372b b +++=-,化简得229140b b ++=.因为294214310∆=-⨯⨯=-<,所以方程无解,故1b -≤不符合题意. 当2b -≥,即2b ≤-时,根据二次函数的性质可知.12m m m a a a ++++的最小值为11b b b a a a ----+++,故117b b b a a a ----+++=-.即()22117222b b b-++++=-,解得6b =-. 综上所述,6b =-. 故答案为:6- 13.B【分析】根据条件,利用互斥事件的定义,对各个选项逐一分析判断,即可求解.【详解】对于选项A,因为事件E 和事件F 不能同时发生,所以E 与F 互斥,故选项A 错误. 对于选项B,当朝上面的点数为6时,F 与G 同时发生,即F 与G 不是互斥事件,所以选项B 正确.对于选项C,因为事件E 和事件H 不能同时发生,所以E 与H 互斥,故选项C 错误. 对于选项D,因为事件G 和事件H 不能同时发生,所以G 与H 互斥,故选项D 错误. 故选:B. 14.A【分析】由题意作图,根据正方体的几何性质,利用异面直线的夹角的定义,可得答案.【详解】①由题意作图如下:由图易知OCD 为等腰直角三角形,则直线AB 与CD 的夹角为45 . ②由题意作图如下:由图易知OCD 为等边三角形,则直线AB 与CD 的夹角为60 . ③由题意作图如下:由图易知OA AB ⊥,因为//CB OA ,则直线AB 与CD 的夹角为90 . 而不管怎么找顶点,都无法得到直线AB 与CD 所成角为30 . 故选:A. 15.C【分析】利用正弦的和角公式及辅助角公式结合三角函数的图象与性质计算即可.【详解】由ππsin sin sin 66x x ⎛⎫+=+ ⎪⎝⎭11cos 022x x +-=.()102x θ-+=,其中πsin 0,2θθ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭.()12x θ-+=,即()sin x θ-=不妨令()()sin f x x θ=-,因为02πx ≤<,所以[),2πx θθθ-∈--. 易知0x =时,()sinθ-=,即0x =满足题意.又()()sin f x x θ=-的周期为2πT =,且()1,0-.所以在区间[),2πθθ--上还有一个根,如图所示.故选:C 16.C【分析】由条件易知函数y f x 在I 上严格递减,构造2222121()()n n n n a a f a f a ++--=-,因数列{}n a 的各项均不相同,由2121,n n a a +-的大小比较,利用函数单调性可得222,n n a a +的大小关系,即得结论.【详解】依题意,因f x 0在区间I 上恒成立,则函数y f x 在I 上严格递减. 由2222121()()n n n n a a f a f a ++--=-,*N n ∈,因数列{}n a 的各项均不相同,且1a I ∈.若2121n n a a +->,则2121()()n n f a f a +-<,即222+<n n a a ,即此时数列{}21n a -严格递增,数列{}2n a 严格递减.若2121n n a a +-<,则2121()()n n f a f a +->,即222n n a a +>,即此时数列{}21n a -严格递减,数列{}2n a 严格递增.综上所述,数列{}21n a -与{}2n a 中的一个是严格增数列,另一个是严格减数列. 故选:C.【点睛】思路点睛:本题主要考查利用函数单调性判断数列的单调性的应用,属于难题. 解题思路在于根据选项信息,考虑数列中连续偶数项的差,通过对应的连续奇数项的大小比较,借助于函数单调性得出偶数项的大小关系. 17.(1)证明见解析(2)arctan5【分析】(1)连接1B C ,结合正方体的性质易得1EC BC ⊥,1DC BC ⊥,进而求证即可. (2)过E 作EF BC ⊥,交BC 于F ,连接DF ,易得EDF ∠是直线DE 与平面ABCD 所成的角,进而结合直角三角形中正切的定义求解即可.【详解】(1)证明:连接1B C ,在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,E 是1BC 的中点. 所以E 是1B C 的中点,且11B C BC ⊥,即1EC BC ⊥. 因为DC ⊥平面11BCC B ,1BC ⊂平面11BCC B . 所以1DC BC ⊥.又DC EC C = ,,DC EC ⊂平面CDE . 所以1⊥BC 平面CDE .(2)过E 作EF BC ⊥,交BC 于F ,连接DF .在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1CC ⊥平面ABCD ,1//EF CC . 所以⊥EF 平面ABCD .又DF ⊂平面ABCD ,所以EF DF ⊥.所以EDF ∠是直线DE 与平面ABCD 所成的角.由题意,设12CC CB CD a ===,则112EF CC a ==.12CF CB a ==,所以DF =.所以在Rt DEF △,tan5EF EDF DF ∠===.故直线DE 与平面ABCD 所成角的大小是18.(1)π(2)ππ122⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦, 【分析】(1)先得函数解析式,再利用二倍角公式变形,结合正弦型函数的周期公式求解即可. (2)由定义域得π23x +的取值范围,根据正弦函数的单调性列不等式,求解即可. 【详解】(1)由()sin f x x =,得ππsin cos 22f x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.则函数()π2y f x f x ⎛⎫=⋅- ⎪⎝⎭1sin cos sin 22x x x =⋅=.故最小正周期为2ππ2=. (2)由()sin f x x =,得3π23πsin 2y f x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦.由π02x ≤≤,得ππ4π2333x ≤+≤. 令ππ4π2233x ≤+≤,解得ππ122x ≤≤. 故单调减区间为ππ122⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,.19.(1)男,女生各有170,160名 (2)1765(3)23.33【分析】(1)根据抽样比即可计算出男女生人数. (2)利用古典概型计算公式可得结果.(3)根据方差定义,利用方差的计算公式进行整体代换即可计算出结果. 【详解】(1)根据题意可知,抽样比为5:1. 所以该校高一学生中男生有345170⨯=名. 女生有325160⨯=名.(2)从这66名学生中随机抽取两名共有266C 种.两名都是男生的抽法共有234C 种.所以这两名都是男生的概率为234266C 17C 65P ==(3)根据题意可设正确的31个数据为1231,,,x x x ⋅⋅⋅. 易知31115632161i i x =+=⨯∑,可得3114996i i x ==∑.所以原始数据平均值为3111165161.2812532i i x =⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭∑.由方差定义可得()()31221116115616123.687532i i x =⎡⎤-+-=⎢⎥⎣⎦∑.因此()313131222111161216131161733i ii i i i x x x ===-=-⨯+⨯=∑∑∑,可得31312211216131161733805894ii i i xx ===⨯-⨯+=∑∑.原始数据的方差为()()312211161.28125165161.2812532i i x =⎡⎤-+-⎢⎥⎣⎦∑31312221112161.2812531161.28125 3.7187532i i i i x x ==⎡⎤=-⨯+⨯+⎢⎥⎣⎦∑∑ 1746.4687523.3332≈⨯≈ 即原始数据的方差为23.33. 20.(1)5 (2)证明见解析 (3)(1,3)a ∈【分析】(1)将a 值和点坐标代入双曲线方程求出b 值,即可求得c 值.(2)设直线:()l y k x c =+,与双曲线方程联立消元y ,得关于x 的方程,依题方程有解为c ,代入整理方程后,借助于2b ac =,可推得214k =,即得证.(3)利用双曲线定义化简2||||AB AF =得到1||2BF a =,2||4BF a =,设12F BF θ∠=,利用余弦定理求出cos θ的值,结合图形和题意,确定其范围,即得关于a 的不等式,解之即得. 【详解】(1)依题意,将a =,3,4x y ==代入2222Γ:1x y a b-=中.解得220b =,则5c ==. (2)依题意知,可设直线:()l y k x c =+,代入2222:1Γ-=x ya b中.整理得:22222222222()20b a k x a ck x a c k a b ----=(*). 如图,因212AF F F ⊥,故点A 的横坐标为c 恰是方程(*)的解. 则222222222222()20b a k c a c k a c k a b ----=. 整理得:222222240b c a c k a b --=,即22244a c k b =.因,,a b c 是等比数列,则2b ac =,代入此式,可得222224a c k a c =,即得214k =.因过点1F 的直线l 与Γ右支在x 轴上方交于点A ,故得12k =,即直线l 的斜率为定值. (3)如图,因点A 在双曲线右支上,则12||||2AF AF a -=,即21||||2AF AF a =-. 故由2||||AB AF =可得11||||||2AF AB BF a -==.又因点B 直线l 与Γ左支的交点,故21||||2BF BF a -=,则2||4BF a =.在12BF F △中,设12F BF θ∠=,由余弦定理,2222224164203659cos 2241644a a c a a a a aθ+--===-⨯⨯.依题意,0πθ<<,故1cos 1θ-<<,即2591144a -<-<.去分母得2224594a a a -<-<,解得219a <<.因0a >,故当且仅当a 满足(1,3)a ∈时,存在直线l ,使得2||||AB AF =成立.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系的应用,属于难题. 解题的关键在于对双曲线定义的理解掌握,在处理2||||AB AF =相关的焦半径问题时,要有转化思想,结合图形和定义,将其化简为常量或最值问题,即可解决. 21.(1)函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点不偏移 (2)证明见解析 (3)证明见解析【分析】(1)先求()0f x =的根及()21f x x =-的极值点,再根据题设定义,即可求解.(2)先求()0f x =的根,对()f x 求导,得到()2321f x x mx '=--,通过计算得到1202x x f +⎛⎫'< ⎪⎝⎭,再利用二次函数的性质,即可求解.(3)设()0f x =的两个零点为12,x x ,根据条件得到10210e x x x a<<<=<,再构造函数222()()()ln ln()()g x f x f x x ax x a x a a a =--=---+-,利用函数的单调性,得到()122()f x f x a->,即可求解. 【详解】(1)由()210f x x =-=,得到21x =,所以121,1x x =-=.又()2f x x '=,由()20f x x '==,得到0x =,又当0x <时,()20f x x '=<,当0x >时,()20f x x '=>.所以()21f x x =-只有一个极值点,且极值点为00x =,此时1202x x x +=. 所以函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点不偏移.(2)因为()322()()()(1)(1)f x x mx x m x x m x m x m x x =--+=---=--+, 0m >且1m ≠,()0,D =+∞.由()0f x =,得到121,x x m ==或12,1x m x ==,则1210x x m +=+>.又()2321f x x mx '=--,24120m ∆=+>,则()23210f x x mx '=--=有两根.不妨设为12,t t ,且12t t <,又1212210,033m t t t t +=>=-<,所以120t t <<.又()20,x t ∈时,()0f x '<,()2,x t ∈+∞时,()0f x '>,所以函数()y f x =在D 上只有一个极值点0x ,且02x t =.又222121111111321(1)022224244x x m m m f f m m m m ++++⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫'==--=-+-=--< ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭.所以12202x x t x +<=,故函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点右偏移. (3)由题知,()1f x a x '=-,令()10f x a x '=-=,得到1x a=. 当10,x a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,()0f x '>,当1,x a ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭时,()0f x '<, 所以1x a =是()ln f x x ax =-的极值点.且()f x 在区间10,a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,在区间1,a ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减.又011()()ln 10f x f a a ==->,0x →时,()f x →-∞,x →+∞时,()f x →-∞,(e)ln e e 1e 0f a a =-=->.则()0f x =有两个零点,不妨设为12,x x ,且12x x <,所以10210e x x x a<<<=<,12()()f x f x =. 令2222()()()ln ln()()(0)g x f x f x x ax x a x x a a a a =--=---+-<<.则21211()022a x a g x a a x x x x a a ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭'=-+-=>⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭在20,x a ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭恒成立. 所以2()()()g x f x f x a =--在区间20,a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递增.所以()11(g g x a >,即()()1121220()()f x f x f x f x a a >--=--.故()122()f x f x a ->,又1020211,x x x x a a a->=>=.故122x x a -<,得到1212x x a +<,即1202x x x +<. 所以当10e a -<<时,函数()y f x =在D 上的极值点左偏移.【点睛】方法点睛:本题第三问考查极值点偏移问题,解决极值点偏移的主要方法有: 1.构造对称函数. 2.比值换元. 3.对数平均不等式.。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三上学期综合练习(一模)物理试题

2024届上海市黄浦区高三上学期综合练习(一模)物理试题一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题如图所示,与纸面平行的匀强电场中有O、P、Q三点,其电势分别为-4V、-2V、-2V。
下列过O点的电场线画法中,正确的是( )A.B.C.D.第(2)题我国首颗超百Gbps容量的高通量地球静止轨道通信卫星—“中星26号”与某一椭圆轨道侦察卫星的运动轨迹如图所示,A、B分别为侦察卫星的近地点和远地点。
两卫星的运行周期相同,D点是两轨道交点,BC连线过地心,下列说法正确的是( )A.侦查卫星从B点运动到A点过程中机械能减小B.侦查卫星从B点运动到A点过程中动能减小C.“中星26号”和侦察卫星在D点的加速度相等D.A、B两点间距离与“中星26号”卫星轨道半径相等第(3)题在沿竖直方向运行的电梯中,把物体置于放在水平面的台秤上,台秤与力传感器相连,当电梯从静止开始加速上升,然后又匀速运动一段时间,最后停止运动时,与传感器相连的电脑荧屏上显示出传感器的示数与时间的关系图像如图所示。
下列说法中正确的是( )(g取)A.18~20s过程中,物体的重力先变小后变大B.该物体的质量为5kgC.电梯在超重时最大加速度大小约为D.电梯在失重时最大加速度大小约为第(4)题某实验小组自制了一个手摇交流发电机,如图所示。
半径之比为5∶1的大轮与小轮通过皮带(不打滑)传动,小轮与边长为L的正方形线圈固定在同一转轴上,线圈由漆包线绕制而成,线圈匝数为n,漆包线的横截面积为S,电阻率为ρ。
磁体间磁场可视为磁感应强度大小为B的匀强磁场,大轮带动小轮及线圈绕与磁场方向垂直的转轴转动,线圈通过导线、滑环和电刷连接一个阻值恒定(为线圈电阻的2倍)的灯泡。
当大轮以角速度ω匀速转动时,灯泡消耗的功率为( )A.B.C.D.第(5)题图甲是某一交流发电机的示意图,两磁极间存在可视为水平向右的匀强磁场,A为理想电流表,电阻,线圈内阻。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模数学试题及答案

上海市黄浦区2024届高三一模数学试卷(满分150分,时间120分钟)2023.12.6一、填空题(本大题共有12题,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分,满分54分)1.已知集合 2A x x , 1B x x ,则A B .2.若函数 1y x x a 为偶函数,则实数a 的值为.3.已知复数1z i (i 为虚数单位),则满足z w z 的复数w 为.4.5.6.7.某城市,34,36,418.在 若25a 9. 12010.若 .11.设123,,,,n a a a a 是首项为3且公比为313233log log log a a a 1343log 1log 18n n a a 的最小正整数n 的值为.12.若正三棱锥A BCD 的底面边长为6,,动点P 满足DA CB PA PB PC PD ,则2PA PB PA 的最小值为.二、选择题(本大题共有4题,第13、14题每题4分,第15、16题每题5分,满分18分)13.设x R ,则“38x ”是“2x ”的().A 充分而不必要条件;.B 必要而不充分条件;.C 充要条件;.D 既不充分也不必要条件.14.从3名男同学和2名女同学中任选2名同学参加志愿者服务,则选出的2名同学中至少有1名女同学的概率是().A 720;.B 710;.C 310;.D 35.15.若实数a 、b 满足221a b ab ,则必有().A 222a b ;.B 221a b ;.C 1a b ;.D 2a b .16.O 最近的点为点①点p Q ).A 三、17.4、3、2后,(1)(2)n t ,求数列 n t 的18.(本题满分14分,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分)如图,平面ABCD 平面ADEF ,四边形ADEF 是正方形,//BC AD ,45BAD CDA ,2CD,AD (1)证明:CD 平面ABF ;(2)求二面角B EF A 的正切值.19.(折线DCE )(1)(2)第18题图第19题图设a 为实数,1 是以点 0,0O 为顶点、以点10,4F为焦点的抛物线,2 是以点 0,A a 为圆心、半径为1的圆位于y 轴右侧且在直线y a 下方的部分.(1)求1 与2 的方程;(2)若直线2y x 被1 所截得的线段的中点在2 上,求a 的值;(3)是否存在a ,满足:2 在1 的上方,且2 有两条不同的切线被1 所截得的线段长相等?若存在,求出a 的取值范围;若不存在,请说明理由.第20题图设函数 f x 与 g x 的定义域均为D ,若存在0x D ,满足 00 f x g x 且 00''f x g x ,则称函数 f x 与 g x “局部趋同”.(1)判断函数 151f x x 与 322f x x x 是否“局部趋同”,并说明理由;(2)已知函数 21g x x ax (0x ), 2e xg x b (0x ).求证:对任意的正数a ,都存在正数b ,使得函数 f x 与 g x “局部趋同”;(3)对于给定的实数m ,若存在实数n ,使得函数 1n h x mx x(0x )与 2ln h x x “局部趋同”,求实数m 的取值范围.高三数学参考答案和评分标准说明:1.本解答仅列出试题的一种解法,如果考生的解法与所列解答不同,可参考解答中的评分精神进行评分.2.评阅试卷,应坚持每题评阅到底,不要因为考生的解答中出现错误而中断对该题的评阅,当考生的解答在某一步出现错误,影响了后继部分,但该步以后的解答未改变这一题的内容和难度时,可视影响程度决定后面部分的给分,这时原则上不应超过后面部分应给分数之半,如果有较严重的概念性错误,就不给分.一、填空题(本大题满分54分. 其中第1~6题每题满分4分,第7~12题每题满分5分)1. [1 2]−,;2. 1;3. i − ;4. 54;5. 12; 6. ; 7. 56; 8. 2425; 9.220; 10. π(0,]6; 11. 25; 12. 8. 二、选择题(本大题共4小题,满分18分.其中第13、14题每题满分4分,第15、16题每题满分5分)13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C三、解答题(本大题共有5题,满分78分.)解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.17.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题满分6分,第2小题满分8分.解:(1)设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ,由4345441000a a a a a a q q=⋅⋅=, 可得341000a =,即410a =. …………………………2分又由3454,3,2a a a 成等差数列,可得354426,a a a += 即402060,q q+=解得1q =或2,又{}n a 是严格增数列,所以2q =,…………………4分 故443410252n n n n a a q −−−==⋅=⋅. …………………………6分(2)由3(12)n n S =−,可得当2n ≥时,1113(22)32n n n n n n b S S −−−=−=−=−⋅,又1111332b S −==−=−⋅,所以对一切正整数n ,都有132n n b −=−⋅, …………………9分所以3132n n t −===⋅, ……………………11分所以{}n t 的前n 和为113131213(122)(21)44124n n n −−+++=⋅=−−. …………………14分 18.(本题满分14分)本题共有2小题,第小题满分6分,第小题满分8分.解:(1)在平面ABCD 内,BAD ∠=CDA ∠45=︒,∴直线AB, DC 相交,设它们交于点P ,90DPA ∴∠=︒, 即AB CD ⊥. 四边形ADEF 是正方形,AF AD ∴⊥,又平面ABCD ⊥平面ADEF ,它们的交线为AD ,AF ⊂平面ADEF ,故AF ⊥平面ABCD ,又CD ⊂平面ABCD ,AF CD ∴⊥. ……………4分又AB 与AF 是平面ABF 内的两条相交直线,∴CD ⊥平面ABF . ……………6分(2)在平面ABCD 内,过B 作BG AD ⊥,垂足为G .又平面ABCD ⊥平面ADEF , 它们的交线为AD ,故BG ⊥平面ADEF . ……………8分在平面ADEF 内,过G 作GH EF ⊥,垂足为H ,连BH ,则BH EF ⊥,故BHG ∠就是二面角B EF A −−的平面角, ……………11分又sin 45sin 45BG BA CD =︒=︒=,GH AF AD ===在直角BGH △中,1tan 4BG BHG GH ∠===, 所以二面角B EF A −−的正切值为14. ……………14分 法二:设O 是线段AD 的中点,由APD △是以AD 为底边的等腰直角三角形,可知PO AD ⊥,由平面ABCD ⊥平面ADEF , 它们的交线为AD ,且PO ⊂平面ABCD ,故PO ⊥平面ADEF , 设M 是线段EF 的中点,则OM ⊂平面ADEF ,可得PO OM ⊥,又,O M 是正方形ADEF 的对边,AD EF 的中点,可得AD OM ⊥, …………9分分别以,,OD OM OP 为,,x y z 轴建立如图的空间直角坐 标系,则(42,0,0)EF =−,(2,42,2)BF =−,设(,,1)n x y =是平面BEF 的一个法向量,则有(42)0,24220,n EF x n BF x y ⎧⋅=−=⎪⎨⋅=⋅+⋅−=⎪⎩解得0,1.4x y =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩故1(0,,1)4n =,又(0,0,22)OP =是平面ADEF 的一个法向量, ……………11分 所以二面角B EF A −−的余弦值为||4224172217||||n OP n OP ⋅⋅==⋅⋅, ,故二面角B EF A −−的正切值为14. ……………14分 19.(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题,第1小题6分,第2小题8分.解:(1)由πππ()333DOC αα∠=+−<<,2π3AOB ∠=, 可知 π3COE α∠=−, 作OF CD ⊥, 垂足为F ,由OD OC =,可知CF DF =且1π262DOF DOC α∠=∠=+, 在直角DOF △中,πsin()62DF OD α=+,故π2sin()62CD OD α=+, 同理可得ππ2sin()2sin()6262EC OC OD αα=−=−, ……………4分 所以π2sin()62OD α++π2sin()10062OD α−=,可得OD =5050ππsin()sin()cos 62622ααα=++−(米). ……6分(2)设花卉育苗区的面积为S 平方米,则221π1πsin()sin()2323S OD OD αα=++− 22150ππ[sin()sin()]233cos 2ααα=++−. ………9分1]1cos cos 2S =α==−+α. ……………12分 当且仅当cos 1α=且ππ33α−<<,即0α=时,S 取最大值,此时50OD =米. 故使π3DOC ∠=,且50OD =米,可使花卉育苗区的面积最大. ………………14分 20.(本题满分18分)第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.解:(1)设1Γ的方程为22x py =,又124p =,得21p =,即1Γ的方程为2y x =, ……2分 2Γ的方程为22()1(0,)x y a x y a +−=><. ……………4分(2)设直线2y x =+与1Γ的交点为1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,线段MN 中点为00(,)G x y , 由22,,y x y x =+⎧⎨=⎩可得220x x −−=,故1200015,2222x x x y x +===+=, ……………7分 由点G 在2Γ上,可知215()142a +−=且52a <,解得52a =. ……………10分 (3)设(,)D x y 为2Γ上任一点,则1)y a x =−<<. 点D 在1Γ的上方等价于2a x >,即2a x >对于(0,1)x ∈t =, 由(0,1)x ∈, 可得(0,1)t ∈,故222151()24x t t t +=−++=−−+的最大值为54, 可得54a >. ………12分 设直线y kxb =+与2Γ相切, 被1Γ截得的线段长为L ,则0,1k b a ><−,1=,可得a b −=, 又由2,,y kx b y x =+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩可得20x kx b −−=, 设它的两个实根为12,x x , 则2222212(1)()(1)(4)L k x x k k b =+−=++, …………14分 设a b n −=,则1n >,n =,222432(144)4(41)L n n n a n n a n =−−+=−+−,令432()4(41)f n n n a n =−+−,则3223()412(82)[4()811]2f n n n a n n n a '=−+−=−+−, 当且仅当8110a −<,即118a <时,存在132n +=,使得在1(1.5,)n 与1(,)n +∞上, ()f n '分别小于0和大于0, 故()f n 分别严格增与严格减,故在(1.5,)+∞上必存在两个不同的n 值, 对应的()f n 相等,即存在两个不同的正数k ,使得对应的L 值相等.所以存在a 满足题中条件,且a 的取值范围是511(,)48. ……………18分21.(本题满分18分)第1小题满分4分,第2小题满分6分,第3小题满分8分.解:(1)1212()(),()(),f x f x f x f x =⎧⎨''=⎩(*1)即为32512,532,x x x x ⎧+=+⎨=+⎩………………2分 也即3310,1,x x x ⎧−−=⎨=±⎩由1x =与1x =−都不满足方程3310x x −−=, 故(*1)无解,所以1()f x 与2()f x 非“局部趋同”. ……………4分(2)1212()(),()(),g x g x g x g x =⎧⎨''=⎩即为2e ,2e ,x x x ax b x a b ⎧−+=⎨−+=⎩ 等价于2(2)0,2e ,x x a x a x a b ⎧−++=⎨−+=⎩(*2) ………7分 令2()(2)g x x a x a =−++,对于任意正数a ,由(0)0g a =>,()02a g a =−<, 又()g x 在[0 ]2a ,上的图像是连续不间断的,故 ()g x 在(0 )2a ,上至少有一个零点, ……9分 设0x 是其中一个零点,则存在正数002e x x a b −+=,使得(*2)在(0 )+∞,上有解0x , 故对任意的正数a ,都存在正数b ,使得函数1()g x 与2()g x “局部趋同”. …………10分(3)1212()(),()(),h x h x h x h x =⎧⎨''=⎩(*)即为2ln ,1,n mx x x n m x x ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪−=⎪⎩等价于221ln ,,mx x n mx x −=⎧⎨=−⎩(*3) ………13分令()ln h x x =,则1()h x x'=,()h x 的图像在点(,ln )t t 处的切线的方程为1ln ()y t x t t −=−, 即1ln 1y x t t=+−,令ln 11t −=−,可得1t =,此时上述切线方程为1y x =−,………15分 故当且仅当21m =时,直线21y mx =−与()h x 的图像相切,由图像可知,当且仅当21m ≤时,直线21y mx =−与()h x 的图像有公共点(在y 轴右侧),故当且仅当12m ≤时,21ln mx x −= 有正数解0x ,此时存在200n mx x =−,使得(*3)有正数解,从而1()h x 与2()h x “局部趋同”.所以满足条件的实数m 的取值范围是1(,]2−∞. ……………18分。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模物理试卷

2024届上海市黄浦区高三上学期一模物理试卷一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题半圆柱形玻璃砖的横截面如图所示,底面BD水平,此时上方光屏与BD平行。
一束白光从玻璃砖下方垂直于BD射到圆心O上,在光屏上C点出现白色亮斑。
使玻璃砖底面绕O逆时针缓慢转过角度(),在角缓慢变大的过程中,光屏上的彩色光斑()A.沿光屏向左移动,紫光最先消失B.沿光屏向右移动,紫光最后消失C.沿光屏向左移动,红光最先消失D.沿光屏向右移动,红光最后消失第(2)题质点做直线运动的位移s与时间t的关系如下,表示质点做匀减速直线运动的是( )A.B.C.D.第(3)题如图所示,实线为一次实验中小车运动的速度图像,为了便于研究,用虚线替代实线作近似处理,下列表述正确的是()A.小车做曲线运动B.在时刻由虚线计算出的加速度比实际的大C.在时间内,由虚线计算出的平均速度比实际的大D.用虚线作近似处理,计算出的位移与实际位移会有很大偏差,此做法不合理第(4)题海卫一是海王星的一颗卫星,它是太阳系中目前所发现的唯一具有逆行轨道的大卫星,其运行方向与海王星的自转方向相反。
已知海王星极地表面的重力加速度为,海王星的半径为R,自转角速度为,海卫一的轨道半径为r,则在海卫一连续两次经过海王星赤道正上空的时间间隔内,海王星自转转过的角度为()A.B.C.D.第(5)题老师采用图1所示的实验器材演示交变电流的产生,并联的两个发光二极管连接方式如图2所示,二极管两端正向电压大于0.7V 时才能发光,反向电压超过20V将损坏。
匀速转动手柄,1min内二极管闪烁100次。
已知发电机中正方形线框的边长为10cm,匝数为1000,假设线圈所在处的磁场可视为匀强磁场,下列判断正确的是( )A.线框的转速为100r/sB.线框的电动势有效值可能是20VC.磁感应强度B不会超过0.4TD.若转速减半,1min内闪烁次数将变为50次第(6)题如图所示,质量为1kg的物块静止在固定斜面上,第一次用大小为2.5N、方向沿斜面向下的推力推物块,物块沿斜面匀速下滑;第二次用大小为12.5N、方向沿斜面向上的拉力拉物块,物块沿斜面匀速上滑。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷(含答案)

2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷2023年12月(完卷时间:120分钟满分:140分)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers onyour paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a bookstore. B.At the train station. C.In a clock shop. D.On the street.2.A.They both prefer E-textbooks. B.The man is expecting printed textbooks.C.The woman is against the use of tablets.D.Neither of them needs tablets.3.A.They're formal. B.They're worth the price.C.They're out-of-date.D.They're poor in quality.4.A.Find a roommate. B.Move to a neat room,C.Post an ad for a cleaner.D.Reply to an ad,5.A.To make the computer beautiful. B.To protect his eyes.C.To get the computer to work longer.D.To keep the computer away from blue light.6.A.The movie theatre isn't popular in London.B.Londoners should have seen the foreign movie.C.Londoners had better learn foreigner languages.D.There is a great demand for foreign movies in London.7.A.The woman missed the discount. B.The woman isn't qualified for the discount.C.The woman fails to come to class on time.D.The woman can't join the new classes.8.A.Chase each other. B.Chat while eating. C.Prepare for a race. D.Serve a snack.9,A.It's suitable for her learning style. B.She wants to try different ways to learn.C.She prefers to connect notes to a story.D.It can strongly smooth her emotion.10.A.The hunting is to blame for the disappearance of the birds.B.The cause of the decline in the ducks'number is uncertain.C.She is unhappy with the climate change throughout the world.D.The man should find more scientific evidence for the birds'extinction.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and thepassages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers onyour paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions ll through14are based on the following conversation.11.A.To ask for her help. B.To apply for the entry for the competition.C.To take back his copy of drawing.D.To confirm the name of his tutor.12.A.Improving the designs of saving energy.B.Designing a typical domestic kitchen appliance.C.Developing a new use for the existing technology.D.Adopting different approaches to existing problems.13.A.They don't sell well. B.They don't look appealing.C.They often cost too much.D.They vary in appearance.14.A.To push a button. B.To tum on the dishwasher.C.To decorate the pool.D.To break the glass.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15.A.According to how important the work is.B.According to when the work occurs to you.C.According to how much you like the subject.D.According to when the work should be completed.16.A.Have a vacation, B.Reward yourself for finishing a task.C.Take some summer activities.D.Do something planned in advance.17.A.Those who lack time for study. B.Those who are good at making a plan.C.Those who prefer study to relaxation.D.Those who plan to study in summer.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18.A.They expect to see receivers'happiness.B.They regard them as fashionable appliances.C.They want to show their taste in gift choices.D.They value the feelings delivered by the gifts.19.A.Their appearance. B.Their packaging C.Their price, D.Their usefulness20.A.Write it on the wish list. B.Tell givers directly what we want.C.Follow a gift-giving process.D.Browse Amazon to buy it.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Reconsidering the StaycationI've always been doubtful of the staycation.The newly-invented word is too cute for__21___ feels like a comfort:While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van,you get to stay in your very own home and go to your usual supermarket__22__cookies!So,I am fascinated to discover,thanks to my colleague Catherine Pearson,that I__23__(understand)staycation in a wrong way.Evidently,my tendency__24__(take)a break without a plan is unlikely to produce a restorative effect.Instead,one should make good preparations for that period of time.Jaime Kurtz,a psychology professor at James Madison University and the author of"The Happy Traveler:Unpacking the Secrets of Better Vacations,”advises__25_(ask)oneself,“If I were moving away soon,what would I most want to do,and who would I most want to spend time with?"I like this saying"Live every day as if it were your last."Any reminder that time is flying is a good one___26___it gets you to live better.This weekend,you could,for instance,seek out some vegan ice cream___27__doesn't taste terrible.You could try running in a pool,which is easier on the joints but as effective as running on land.You could go for a walk or a drive while listening to "Slow Radio,"a very comforting BBC podcast__28__(feature)sounds of the natural world.Whether or not you have a proper vacation__29_(plan)for the coming weeks,you could envision any coming weekend as its own two-day mini-break,programming it as you would a trip to somewhere new,with a journey__30__(exciting)than just"sleep as much as possible"and"mow the lawn".Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.airflows.B.block.C.challenges.D.cool.E.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.Principles.H.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typicalfeature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China.Skywellswere designed to reduce temperature in buildings well beforeair-conditioning existed.When wind blows above a skywell house,itcan enter the indoor space through the opening.Because outdoor airis often cooler than indoor air,the incoming wind travels down thewalls to the lower stories and creates__31__by replacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improveventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell issmall but tall,and the rooms around it__32_out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy.One example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which__34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel,which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today's climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36_a building without the use of power.However,there are some_37_for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be__38_.Because traditional skywells had different shapes,sizes and features,which were___39___dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be_40_to their project's context and situation,making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Turkey is not my thing,but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes.I start___41___these potatoes,my annual time-release capsule of pure joy in early November.I'm pretty sure I've had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid,and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms.How and why is it that certain foods give us so much__42___?And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting?Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel,but certain foods are especially___43___satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content.Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we're with while we__44___them.Past and present__45__shape the foods we find comfortingOften,we love food because we have___46___memories associated with it.My mom's mashed potatoes(土豆泥)remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us,which can help explain our__47___love for chicken noodle soup,which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better.The smell of food can__48_powerful memories,too.The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala,a brain region that processes emotions,and the hippocampus,which handles memory.And our memory for smells is__49_and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood.That's why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother.These___50___can go the other way,too.Sometimes you might feel___51___when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss.We may also___52___foods that we associate with bad experiences.In addition to past memories,the_53__in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment,and our gustatory(味觉的)experiences can be_54_by a sense of community,a sense of warmth and enjoying it together.I____55____my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children,the three people I love most in the world.41.A.cutting down on B.looking forward to C.making for D.putting away42.A.perspective B.pleasure C.space D.transition43.A.emotionally B.financially C.physically D.visually44.A.enjoy B.memorize C.order D.recallpany B.menus C.outlook D.recipes46.A.cultural B.fond C.photographic D.shared47.A.collective B.creative C.lost D.parental48.A.awake B.correct C.preserve D.record49.A.bitter-sweet B.fresh C.long-lasting D.selective50.A.associations B.experiences C.foods D.memories51.A.alert B.amazed C.disappointed D.sad52.A.avoid B.consume C.store D.swallow53.A.area B.background C.context D.emotion54.A.enhanced B.offered C.reflected D.weakened55.A.adapted B.appreciated C.copied D.digestedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman,who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.Dr.Karikó,the13l woman to win the prize,had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money.She was preoccupied by mRNA,which provides instructions to cells to make proteins.Defying the decades-old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable,she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.She and Dr.Weissman had their first chance mecting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in1998.At the time,Dr.Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine(疫苗)against H.IV.,which had long proved impossible to defend against.A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS,he wondered if he and Dr. Kariko could team up to make an H.I.V.vaccine.For years,they were at a loss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Countless experiments failed.They wandered down one dead end after another.But eventually,the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification(修饰).So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells.It worked.At first,other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination.But two biotech companies soon took notice:Moderna,in the United States,and BioNTech,in Germany.Then the coronavirus emerged.Almost instantly,Drs.Kariko and Weissman's work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.Brian Ferguson,an immunologist at the University of Cambridge,said.“The work of Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman in the years prior to2020prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recognition."56.The underlined word"defying”(paragraph2)is closest in meaning to"_________.A.challengingB.confirmingC.re-emphasizingD.stating57.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman's research?A.They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary.B.They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification.C.They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA,D,They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures.58.According to Brian Ferguson,Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman deserve the recognition becauseA.they took no notice of others'ignoranceB.they caught attention of two biotech companiesC.their work helped avoid the loss of countless livesD.their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic59.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Chemical Changes Identified in the PandemicB.Approaches Adopted to Defend Against H.I.VC.Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine PioneersD.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA(B)IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDSThe rice cooker can be used by children aged from8years and above and persons with reduced physical,sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the bazards involved.Children shall not play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall not be done by children unless they are older than8and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire out of reach of children under8years.If the wire is damaged,it must be replaced by the manufacturer,its service agent,or someone similarly qualified,to avoid hazard.SERVICEThe product isn't user-serviceable.If it's not working,read the instructions,check the plug fuse(保险丝)and main fuse.If it's still not working,consult your retailer(零售商).If that doesn't solve the problem-ring Customer Service-they may be able to offer technical advice.If they advise you to return the product to us,pack it carefully,include a note with your name, address,day phone number,and what's wrong.If under guarantee,say where and when purchased, and include proof of purchase.Send it to:Customer ServiceSpectrum Brands(UK)LtdFir Street,Failsworth,Manchester M35OHSPlease note:If you have purchased the product within the last6months,please contact the retailer first to deal with any matters relating to guarantee.GUARANTEEFaults affecting product functionality appearing within the guarantee period will be corrected by replacement or repair at our option provided the product is used and maintained in accordancewith the instructions.Your legal rights are not affected.Guarantee period=2years from first retail purchase.To claim an extra1-year guarantee,register your product online within28days of purchase.Consumables are guaranteed only for their recommended lifecycle.Replacements are excluded and are only covered by a1-year guarantee.60.What can9-year-olds do with the rice cooker?A.They can clean or repair it alone.B.They can use it with proper instruction.C.They can play with it as long as it is not in use.D.They can supervise their younger brothers who use it.61.Jennifer bought a rice cooker10months ago and now there is something wrong with it,what can she do?A.Call her retailer to extend the guarantee period.B.Self-check the appliance before asking for help.D.Return the cooker with contact&purchasing information without the recipe.62.You can replace a faulty rice cooker in the third year from your purchase ifA.it has been repaired by your retailer or a service agentB.the product functionality hasn't been affected seriouslyC.you have registered the cooker online as soon as you buy itD.its consumables are guaranteed for their recommended lifecycle(C)①A group of41states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta,the parent company of Facebook,Instagram,WhatsApp and Messenger,insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them.The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior:Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet?Here's what the research has found.②David Greenfield,a psychologist and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in West Hartford,Conn.,said the devices tempt users with some powerful approaches. One is“intermittent reinforcement,"which creates the idea that a user could get a reward at any time.But when the reward comes is unpredictable.Adults are easily influenced,he noted,but young pcople are particularly at risk,because the brain regions that are involved in resisting temptation and reward are not nearly as developed in children and teenagers as in adults. Moreover,the adolescent brain is especially accustomed to social connections,and“social media is all a perfect opportunity to connect with other people.”③For many years,the scientific community typically defined addiction in relation to substances, such as drugs,and not behaviors,such as gambling or internet use.That has gradually changed.In 2013,the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,the official reference for mental health conditions,introduced the idea of internet gaming addiction.④A subsequent study explored broadening the definition to"internet addiction."The author suggested further exploring diagnostic criteria and the language,for instance,noting that terms like“problematic use”and even the word"internet"were open to broad interpretation,given the many forms the information and its delivery can take.⑤Dr.Michael Rich,the director of the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children's Hospital,said he discouraged the use of the word"addiction"because the internet,if used effectively and with limits,was not merely useful but also essential to everyday life.⑥Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses for the internet and that the definition of how much is too much can vary.But he said there also were obvious cases where immoderate use disturbs school,sleep and other vital aspects of a healthy life.Too many young consumers"can't put it down,"he said."The internet,including social media like Meta,are the drugs affecting the mind.”63.What was Meta accused of?A.It added problematic features to its platform.B.It started a discussion to mislead young people.C.It tempted children to use social media too much.D.It conducted illegal research on its parent company.64.According to David Greenfield,users tend to be addicted to social media and the internet due to_______.A.their under-developed brainB.the random pattern of rewardsC.their desire to be socially connectedD.the possibility of escaping from reality65.What can be concluded about the study introduced in Paragraph4?A.Addiction is something about behaviors instead of substances.B.The online language can be interpreted from a broad perspective.C.Current diagnostic criteria of"internet addiction”isn't satisfactory.D.There should be an agreement on the definition of the word"internet".66.Dr.Michael Rich and David Grecnfield both agree thatA.proper use of the internet does good to childrenB.the internet is to blame for disturbing healthy lifeC.there are cases against immoderate use of the internetD.the word"addiction"is improperly used on the internetSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Do I even want them?On whose clock?B.Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head?C.This time,quitting her job led to her first album,television appearances and sold-out shows.D.Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else's timeline,maybe it's fine to make our own.E.People are feeling like they're falling behind,when in fact they're probably doing exactly what they should.F.She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work figuring she'd never catch up.Defining Success on Your Own Terms“You go to college right out of high school.That's the rule,right?”says Nikki Ivey,a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville,Fla.However,it's not the case for her.Actually,she got her undergraduate degree at28.________67________One by one,she missed the milestones she'd envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by30,buying a house by35.Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company.She didn't love the job.She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids."________68________"she asked herself.She ended up leaving the job,and started to wonder about all those milestones.Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester,N.Y.,Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, "Did anyone make it after the age of35?”At one point,she quit her day job,only to return a year and a half later,due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings.On the last day of2021,five days before her40birthday,she tried again._________69________“I don't know if I could survive this happening to me at19,"she says.She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn'thave handled the stress of the public eye well.It can be hard to make a transition later in life._______70_______IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Why companies are hiring'prompt engineers?With the new generative AI tools,like ChatGPT,anyone can put in a prompt—type in a fewwords and get a result.But that doesn't mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.The key is putting in the right prompt.That's why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skills,background and practice to talk to so-called large-language Al systems effectively-and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their resumés.In general,the more detailed the request,the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for.But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.For one thing,adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial.Also,there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds,depending on the goal—telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience,for instance.Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle.And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the Al,reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.Even for people applying to jobs that don't clearly mention prompt engineering,having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles.Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas,and marketers could use it to develop new slogans.Software engineers could use it to find problems with their wyers could use it to research a piece of law.This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know.The through line is when you learn a new skill,you can take it in any direction you like.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.参观这家博物馆能带你回到20世纪30年代。
上海市黄浦区2024届一模英语试题(含听力)

上海市黄浦区2024届一模英语试题(含听力)一、听力选择题1.A.He arrived at the theater late.B.The production isn’t to his taste.C.He left his watch in the theater.D.The production isn’t long enough.2.A.The man fell from the chair.B.The man was shocked at the news.C.The couple were very changeable.D.The couple tied two ropes with a knot.3. What month is it now?A.January.B.February.C.March.4. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A.Foreign tourism.B.Medical development.C.Language learning.5. How did the woman feel about the service?A.Satisfied.B.Disappointed.C.Apologetic.二、听力选择题6. 听下面一段较长对话, 回答以下小题。
1. What does the woman suggest the man do?A.Go to the Electric Company Office.B.Pay electric bill first.C.Open a checking account.2. How do most people pay the electric bill?A.In cash.B.By check.C.By phone.7. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
1.A.She asked classmates for advice.B.She made use of online courses.C.She took some short university courses.D.She majored in film making.2.A.Because they are important but neglected.B.Because she majors in environment at university.C.Because they will definitely attract more followers.D.Because she is dissatisfied with the previous videos.3.A.Guilty.B.Surprised.C.Inspired.D.Disappointed.4.A.It’s advisable to keep a low key online.B.A successful vlogger must be knowledgeable.C.New ideas help arouse interest among viewers.D.Updating frequency is the most important to keep viewers.8. 听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。
2024年上海市黄浦区中考一模物理试题及解析
考生注意:1.本场考试时间120分钟,满分135分,答题纸共2页。
2.作答前,在答题纸指定位置填写姓名、报名号、座位号。
将核对后的条形码贴在答题纸指定位置。
3.所有作答务必填涂或书写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的区域,不得错位。
在试卷上作答一律不得分。
4.选择题和作图题用2B 铅笔作答,其余题型用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答。
第一学期初三教学质量调研物理部分一、单项选择题(本大题共6题,每题2分,共12分。
每题只有一个正确选项)1.上海地区家用电器的额定电压为()A.1.5伏B.24伏C.220伏D.380伏2.书包带做的很宽,其目的是为了()A.增大压力B.减小压力C.减小压强D.增大压强3.下列器材中,利用大气压强工作的是()A.船闸B.雪地靴C.密度计D.真空吸盘4.首先发现电流与电压关系的科学家是()A.安培B.库仑C.伏特D.欧姆5.如图所示,用细绳吊着柱体浸没在水中,柱体所受浮力为F 浮,柱体上、下表面受到水的压力分别为F 向下、F 向上。
下列关系式一定成立的是()A.F 浮=F 向下B.F 浮<F 向上C.F 浮>F 向下D.F 浮>F 向上6.在图所示的电路中,闭合开关S ,电路正常工作。
现对电路分别进行下列操作:①将滑动变阻器滑片向左移;②用电阻R 3(R 3>R 1)替换电阻R 1;③断开开关S ;④增大电源电压。
其中能使电压表示数变大的操作有()黄浦区2023学年度第一学期九年级期终调研样卷综合学科试卷A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个二、填空题(本大题共7题,共24分)请将结果填入答题纸的相应位置。
7.家庭电路消耗的电能用______表测量;电视机与空调是______连接的(选填“串联”或“并联”)。
关掉正在工作的空调,家庭电路的总电阻将______(选填“变大”“变大”或“不变”)。
8.物理知识在生活中有广泛的应用。
茶壶、锅炉液位计等是______原理的应用;图1所示扫地机器人是通过电机转动使内部气压______,利用内外气压差,将垃圾压入吸尘器;图2所示的我国首只大型邮轮将于2024年直航国际航线,邮轮满载从内河驶向大海时,所受浮力将______。
2025届上海市黄浦区高三语文一模试题卷附答案解析
2025届上海市黄浦区高三语文一模试题卷(考试时长150分钟,总分150分)2024.11一积累应用10分1.按要求填空。
(5分)(1)云青青兮欲雨,。
(李白《梦游天姥吟留别》)(2),而倔起阡陌之中。
(贾谊《》)(3)《庄子·齐物论》认为,自然万物“方生方死,方死方生”,“天下莫大于秋豪之末,而太山为小;莫寿乎殇子,而彭祖为夭”。
王羲之在《兰亭集序》中以“,”对此提出了自己的看法。
2.按要求做答。
(5分)(1)将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是()。
(2分)就《红楼梦》来说,作为一部伟大的作品,正因为它人物众多,类型多样,所以其内部是大体平街的,这正是整本书阅读带来的一种对人物的全景式理解。
_____,_____,_____——_____,_____,让人在阅读时更有可能取得整体的平衡。
①即使仅仅在女性层面②而探春又是一个很刚强的人③《红楼梦》中人物性格也极为丰富④《红楼梦》人物中有多愁善感的林黛玉⑤也有理性能控制情感的薛宝钗A.①③⑤④②B.①②③⑤④C.④⑤②①③D.④②⑤③①(2)小明阅读《红楼梦》后写下四条读书笔记,请帮助他找出有错误的一项并修正。
(3分)A.小说中“真”与“假”是一组重要概念,既指叙事层面的真事与虚拟,也指道德层面的真诚与虚伪。
B.小说有两条基本的情节线索,一条是以贾府为中心,叙述四大家族由鼎盛走向衰败的过程;一条是以宝黛爱情悲剧为中心,叙述大观园中人物的命运。
C.小说中故事发生的重要环境是大观园,有学者认为大观园象征若世外桃源。
此外,小说还设置了大荒山、太虚幻境等空间,体现了作者对理想与现实的思考。
D.小说在开始的序幕部分,通过现实主义的手法,对主要人物关系及其各自命运作了梳理和暗示,以帮助读者获得纲领性的把握。
有错误的一项是()修正处:“”应为“”二阅读70分(一)阅读以下材料,完成第3-7题。
(17分)近期,有关AI(人工智能)与文学创作的话题成为热点。
上海黄浦区2025届高考数学一模试卷含解析
上海黄浦区2025届高考数学一模试卷考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.甲在微信群中发了一个6元“拼手气”红包,被乙、丙、丁三人抢完,若三人均领到整数元,且每人至少领到1元,则乙获得“最佳手气”(即乙领到的钱数多于其他任何人)的概率是( ) A .13B .310C .25D .342.已知a R ∈若(1-ai )( 3+2i )为纯虚数,则a 的值为 ( ) A .32-B .32C .23-D .233.在ABC 中,12BD DC =,则AD =( ) A .1344+AB AC B .21+33AB ACC .12+33AB ACD .1233AB AC -4.曲线24x y =在点()2,t 处的切线方程为( ) A .1y x =-B .23y x =-C .3y x =-+D .25y x =-+5.设M 是ABC ∆边BC 上任意一点,N 为AM 的中点,若AN AB AC λμ=+,则λμ+的值为( ) A .1B .12C .13D .146.已知向量(3sin ,2)a x =-,(1,cos )b x =,当a b ⊥时,cos 22x π⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭( ) A .1213-B .1213C .613-D .6137.已知函数()sin(2)f x x ϕ=+,其中(0,)2πϕ∈,若,()6x R f x f π⎛⎫∀∈≤ ⎪⎝⎭恒成立,则函数()f x 的单调递增区间为( )A .,()36k k k z ππππ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ B .2,()33k k k z ππππ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦C .2,()33k k k z ππππ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦D .2,()3k k k Z πππ⎡⎤+⎢⎥⎣∈⎦8.2019年10月1日,为了庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年,小明、小红、小金三人以国庆为主题各自独立完成一幅十字绣赠送给当地的村委会,这三幅十字绣分别命名为“鸿福齐天”、“国富民强”、“兴国之路”,为了弄清“国富民强”这一作品是谁制作的,村支书对三人进行了问话,得到回复如下: 小明说:“鸿福齐天”是我制作的;小红说:“国富民强”不是小明制作的,就是我制作的; 小金说:“兴国之路”不是我制作的,若三人的说法有且仅有一人是正确的,则“鸿福齐天”的制作者是( ) A .小明B .小红C .小金D .小金或小明9.已知()f x 是定义在[]2,2-上的奇函数,当(]0,2x ∈时,()21xf x =-,则()()20f f -+=( )A .3-B .2C .3D .2-10.如图,在ABC ∆中, 13AN AC =,P 是BN 上的一点,若23mAC AP AB =-,则实数m 的值为( )A .13B .19C .1D .211.已知集合A={x|y=lg (4﹣x 2)},B={y|y=3x ,x >0}时,A∩B=( ) A .{x|x >﹣2} B .{x|1<x <2} C .{x|1≤x≤2} D .∅12.已知定义在R 上的函数()f x 在区间[)0,+∞上单调递增,且()1y f x =-的图象关于1x =对称,若实数a 满足()12log 2f a f ⎛⎫<- ⎪⎝⎭,则a 的取值范围是( ) A .10,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B .1,4⎛⎫+∞⎪⎝⎭C .1,44⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭D .()4,+∞二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2024届上海市黄浦区初三一模化学试卷(含答案)
2024届上海市黄浦区初三一模化学试卷相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5五、选择题(共20分)21~34每题均只有1个正确选项21.氦是第一种在地球之外的宇宙中被发现的元素,其元素符号是A.Ag B.He C.Hg D.Ne22.摆放在超市货架上的商品属于溶液的是A.豆浆B.矿泉水C.牛奶D.酸奶23.空气中含量最多的气体是A.N2B.O2C.CO2D.H2O24.某水库中氮、磷含量升高,其中的“氮”“磷”指的是A.分子B.原子C.元素D.单质25.净水机中加入活性炭,主要是利用活性炭的A.难溶于水B.稳定性C.还原性D.吸附性26.物质的命名正确的是A.NaHCO3:碳酸钠B.K2S:硫酸钾C.Al2O3:氧化铝D.SiO2:二氧化硫27.红磷在氧气中燃烧的现象描述正确的是A.产生蓝光B.火星四射C.生成黑色固体D.产生浓厚白烟28.以下含有结晶水的物质是A.食盐B.胆矾C.冰D.干冰29.某混合溶液中含两种固体溶质,可采取降温结晶的方法提纯其中一种含量较多的物质,该方法是利用了两种物质具有不同的A.溶解度变化趋势B.熔点C.密度D.式量30.3SO2和3SO3含有相同的A.分子个数B.式量C.氧原子个数D.物质质量31.判断某溶液呈酸性的方法可行的是A.闻气味,有无刺激性B.根据溶质的组成中是否含有氢元素C.滴加石蕊溶液,观察溶液颜色变化D.滴加酚酞溶液,观察溶液颜色变化32.有关氧化物说法错误的是A.属于纯净物B.均能用于实验室制取氧气C.含有两种元素D.状态可能是固态、液态或气态33.对海水加压,水分子通过半透膜进入淡水池,得到淡水的过程如下图所示。
加压一段时间后,海水池中没有晶体析出,有关说法正确的是A.氯化钠被半透膜拦截B.淡水池中水分子变大C.海水池中氯化钠溶质质量分数不变了D.浓缩后的海水一定是氯化钠的饱和溶液34.用右图装置制取二氧化碳,有关说法正确的是A.为加快反应,可将大理石粉碎成粉末状B.选用启普发生器的目的是使反应平稳进行C.用浓盐酸代替稀盐酸,可产生更多的二氧化碳D.收集时,在集气瓶口放置毛玻璃片,是为了减少二氧化碳逸散到空气中35~37每题均有1~2个正确选项。
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黄浦区2013-2014学年度第一学期期末质量抽查C. 判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容(6分)15. It was a rainy and windy evening when the old couple came to an inn. (旅馆)16. The young man lent his room to the old couple as all the guest rooms were full.17. The next day the old couple asked the young man to visit their hotel in New York.18. The young man was very happy to get a huge amount of money from the old man.19. To express his thanks, the old man promised to buy a house for the young man.20. Years later, the young man was visited to a nice hotel which was built for him.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences. (听短文,完成下列内容。
每空格限填写一词):(10分)21. Mark tried not to think about food, for he was on ______ _______.22. Mark wanted to hear his __________ say he had lost _________ pounds!23. _________ __________ on his car were ideas for a new product.24. He didn’t do thi ngs like that, but it happened because he was ______________.25. On his way home, he stopped at a restaurant and ate a _______ _________.II. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案) (共20分)()26. We always say “please” whenever we ask someone to do things. Which of the following is correct for underlined word in the sentence?A. /plæz/B. /plez/C. /pli:z/D. /plɪz/()27. The concert will begin ______ seven in the evening. Please be there on time.A. ofB. inC. onD. at()28. It takes me an hour on average to get from home ______ my workplace every day.A. withB. atC. byD. to()29. For the difficulties ahead, Mr. Black talked to ______ patiently one by one.A. theyB. themC. theirD. themselves()30. Lily tried on some new shoes, but she took ______ in the end. They were too expensive.A. allB. noneC. bothD. either()31. I was so busy with my school work that I had ____ time to play with my friends in those days. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few()32. Lots of ______ may cause the young students to have strong feelings against school.A. exerciseB. lessonC. examD. homework()33. It is a rule that visitors _____ touch the paintings at the exhibition.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. wouldn’t()34. With more practice, I found reading was not as _____ as I used to think.A. so difficultB. difficultC. more difficultD. too difficult()35. Nowadays Chinese ____ in quite a few countries such as Singapore, South Korea, Japan, etc. A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. is spoken()36. Jack worked very hard at every subject, _______ he gained a scholarship (奖学金) last term. A. so B. and C. or D. but()37. If you want to be on time for an important meeting in a crowded city like Shanghai, you’d better ________ home early.A. to leaveB. leaveC. leavingD. left()38. Mr. White will take charge of _______ invitation cards for the celebration party next month. A. prepare B. prepared C. preparing D. to prepare ()39. We ______ several meetings to discuss the plan of volunteers in the community since last week.A. are havingB. have hadC. hadD. have()40. I promise if Jane has any difficulties doing the new job, I ______ the first one to help her. A. am B. was C. would be D. will be()41. The roast beef cooked by mum seems so _______ that my mouth is watering.A. attractiveB. attractC. attractionD. attractively()42. The newly born baby should be looked after ________ of all the babies at nursery.A. carefulB. carefullyC. most carefulD. most carefully()43. -- _______ does Simon visit his grandparents in New York with his brother?-- Once a year.A. How longB. How manyC.How soonD. How often()44. -- Hey, Joanna, you did an excellent job in the performance yesterday.-- _______A. Thank you.B. Not at allC. Yes, I did.D. That’s right.()45. -- Remember, Mike, don’t step on the grass when you play football with your friends.-- ________.A. Is that so.B. I don’t knowC. Sorry, I won’tD. Don’t worry.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box.(共8分)Tessa is eighteen years old. She remembers her time at school well. Some of it was good but some of it brings bad memories.My First DayI’ll never forget my first day at primary school. I46 very nervous. We were all together and the head teacher was 47 himself. A girl next to me started asking me questions about my shoes! I wanted to listen to the teacher but I didn’t want to be 48 to my new friend. So, I told her about my shoes. Suddenly, the head teacher looked at me with an angry face. “Be c areful when I am speaking! Go and sit 49 .”I remember feeling so silly.My First TeacherI remember her name was Mrs Simpson. She was 50 pretty and had a lovely smile. She had a soft voice and always wore the same dress! She seemed so nice after that very unpleasant head teacher.Sports DaySports day was the best day of the year! I 51 for the running race and one year I won! I always cheered my friends on when they ran their races, too.My NicknameEveryone in the class had nicknames when I was in junior high school. Some of the nicknames were funny and some weren’t very nice. I remember they 52 call me “mushroom head”because my hair stuck out on e ither side. It made a lasting 53 on me. Not a good one.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(共8分)54. The ______ round of talks on the trade between China and America was held. (five)55. To tell you the ______ , I don’t care about the result of the speech contest. (true)56. Jim is good at language. Besides English, he speaks German , Italian and ______ . (France)57. Nowadays more ______ realize they are responsible for reducing industry pollution. (factory)58. Stephen and his wife will ______ their holidays by going abroad for sightseeing. (joy)59. Computers were a wonderful ______ in 1920s though they were very huge at the time.(invent)60. Lisa said “hello” ______ to her friend’s parents when she met them in the street. (polite)61. I think these tools are ______, for I haven’t touched them for quite a few years. (useful)V. Complete the following sentences as required (共14分)62. We got everything ready for the New Year’s party. (改为一般疑问句)______ you ______ everything ready for the New Year’s party?63. All the students listened to the lecture by Professor Li attentively. (对划线部分提问)______ ______ all the students listen to the lecture by Professor Li?64. Jack Chen is a humorous and powerful man. (改为感叹句)______ ______ humorous and powerful Jack Chen is!65. We last saw the missing dog on the evening of October 1st. (改为被动语态)The missing dog ______ last ______ on the evening of October 1st.66. As for the plan of the next term, I have the same opinion with Larry. (保持句意基本不变)As for the plan of the next term, I ______ ______ Larry.67. “I can cut the huge hamburger in half quickly.” Little Sandy said. (改为宾语从句)Little Sandy said that he ______ ______ the huge hamburger in half quickly.68. saw, at McDonald’s, lady, him, the young. (连词成句)_______________________________________________________________________ Part 3 Reading and Writing (第三部分读与写)IX. Reading Comprehension (阅读理解):(共50分)Burl Ives was born in June, 1909 in Illinois, the USA. He began learning songs when he was very young. He loved making music and wanted other people to get pleasure from the music hemade.As a young man, Burl wanted to teach history. So, he began attending Eastern Illinois Teachers’ College in 1927. But he was not a very good student. The president of his college told him he would never be a very good teacher. Then, he took his guitar and began travelling around the United States.Burl Ives went to New York City in the early nineteen-thirties. He went to the famous Julliard School of Music to study. He also got jobs in New York. He sang in small eating and drinking places. He sang the songs he had learned. In 1938 he began performing in theatres. He also sang on the radio. He began recording the folk songs he had learned. His songs like Big Rock Candy Mountain could be heard on the Burl Ives program each week. The radio program was first broadcast in 1940. His song It’s Just My Funny Way of Laughing earned him a Grammy Award. He also did lots of movie work. Burl Ives won an Oscar in 1958 for the movie The Big Country.Burl Ives also recorded many songs for children. His most famous songs are two Christmas songs, Rudolph the Red Nosed Raindeer and Frosty the Snowman. These songs were used in cartoon movies first shown on American television in the nineteen-fifties and sixties. Burl Ives provided the voice of some of the animals and people. He also sang most of the songs.Burl Ives was a large, friendly man who loved to make people happy with his acting and especially with his music. Burl died of cancer(癌) on April 14, 1995.( )69. Burly Ives wanted to be a(n) ______ when he was young.A) artist B) movie star C) history teacher D) famous singer( )70. Burly Ives traveled around America with his guitar after he was told ______.A) he was a good student B) he would never be a good teacherB) he would be a famous singer D) he was a top traveler( )71. In the early nineteen-thirties, Burly ______ in New York City.A) taught history B) went to school of music and got jobsC) attended a teacher’s college D) recorded songs for children( )72. In 1958 Burly Ives won an Oscar for the movie ______.A) It’s Just My Funny Way of Laughing B) Big Rock Candy MountainC) The Big Country D) Frosty the Snowman( )73. From the passage we learn that ______.A) Burly only wrote songs for childrenB) Burly once provided the voice for cartoon moviesC) Burly was the director of many cartoon moviesD) Burly seldom did movie work( )74. The passage is mainly about ______.A) the American actor and singer Burly Ives B) how to be a history teacherC) Burly Ives’ hard life in 1938 D) a successful young manB Choose the best words and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词完成短文) (12分)Often in your reading you will come across(遇见)a difficult new word. You may be able to read the word, but, you still do not know what it 75__. One way of finding out a word’s meaning is by looking it up in a _76___. Another way is to use context(上下文). You can think of the context as the “neighborhood” in which a word “lives”. A word is never _77___. It appearsin a sentence with other words, and that sentence has other sentences that come before and after it. These words and sentences are the context of the unknown word.A word’s context often contains clues (包含提示)to its meaning. To find clues, think about the meanings of the other words in the sentence. Look at the sentences that come before and after the sentence that contains the word. Do they give you any clues? Sometimes a writer gives _78___ that can help you understand the word’s meaning. Sometimes you may find a word that has almost the same meaning, or a word that means the _79___,or even a definition(释义)of the unfamiliar word, in the same sentence or a nearby one. These are all context clues.Read the following sentence. Can you guess from the context what word might fit in the blank?We had our picnic in the shade(阴凉处)of a huge _80___.Did you guess the missing word from the context? If you did, you were able to tell from the other words in the sentence that the missing word must be a noun. You could also tell that the word means something that can give shade outdoors. It is something that people might have a picnic under. All these context clues helped you know the word.75. A) predicts B) means C) debates D) wants76. A) book B)dictionary C) newspaper D) magazine77. A) alone B) sad C) united D) quiet78. A) a letter B) an answer C) an example D) an action79. A) opposite B) difficult C) serious D) necessary80. A) river B) ground C) street D)treeC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(14分)Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?If you do, you need to take control of your feelings. Getting angry with others can cause you to l_81___ friends.Cary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, has written a book named My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings .The book tells how to stay cool when b_82___ things happen.The book says that getting angry only makes problems w_83___. It can never make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. “It is just a habit, like smoking.’’The book says you can control you feelings e _84___---all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry frequently. Here are the top three:● Keep a r_85___.Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry so often.● Ask your friends to s_86___ talking to you when you get angry. Leave you alone. This will teach you not to be angry.● Do something d_87___. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh.D. Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题) (12分)I recently went to a charity party. At the end of the visit our host told us that the following Monday was his birthday. He asked if, as a gift to him, we would do something kind for someone else on that day. I thought that was a terrible birthday idea!The following Monday, I saw my neighbor, a new mother, in the garden with her baby, I went outside to s ay “hello” to her. During the talk, she told me, not in a complaining way but just as a matter of fact, about the sleeplessness and the challenges to get anything done with a baby followed by. I remembered the charity party host’s request and said, “Hey! Why don’t I watch your baby for an hour! I will just hang out with him here in the back garden and you go in and take an hour to yourself.”She was so surprised that she almost cried. “Are you serious? Would you be able to do that?” ” of course!” I said. “I’d be happy to!” An hour later she came outside with a smile on her face. “I have got so much done!”she told me, and I told her that I had sung every kid’s song I knew and had a good time hanging out with the baby, too. And I was so happy to see her smiling like that.It was one of the best presents I’ve ever given, and it has given me the desire to ask the same from all my friends this year. I know it will make me feel great to know my friends are out there sharing their wisdom and time with people who can really use it.88.The following Monday was the host’s birthday, wasn’t it?89.What did he ask his friends to do as a gift to him?90.What did the writer decide to do on the following Monday?91.How did the writer look after his neighbor’s baby?92.Why was the writer so happy when his neighbor came outside?93.What’s your opinion on the birthday present in the story? (answer the question in no more than 20 words )VII. Writing(作文):(共20分)94.Write at least 60 words with the topic “A heavy smog day” .(以“大雾霾天”为题,写一篇不少于60个词的短文,标点符号不占格。