人教版中考英语专项训练名词专项及解析

一、初中英语名词

1．—_________is coming. What can I get for my mother? — What about a scarf?

A. Women's Day

B. Woman's Day

C. Womens' Day

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：——妇女节要来了，我该为妈妈买什么呢？——条围巾怎么样？“妇女节”指的是妇女们的节日。妇女们：women，妇女们的：women's。故选A。

2．（?黔南州）—There are a lot of ______ of bike riding.

—I agree. It's good for environment and it saves money.

A. products

B. advantages

C. instruments

D. instructions

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：－骑车有许多好处。－我同意，对环境有好处而且省钱。A. products产品；B. advantages优点，好处；C. instruments乐器；D. instructions说明。有利于环境及省钱是骑车的优点、好处，故选B。

【点评】本题考查名词词义辨析，以及. products；advantages；instruments；instructions。四个词的词义和用法。

3．（?重庆） It's cold today. Take your with you when you go out.

A. knife

B. coat

C. brush

D. key

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天天气冷，当你出去的时候，请带上你的外衣。A. knife 小刀； B. coat外衣； C. brush 刷子； D. key钥匙。根据It’s cold today.可知，这里指的是出去带着外衣，故选B。

4．（·咸宁）—Tu You you received the Nobel Prize for her ________ of anemisinin（青蒿素）.—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.

A. design

B. thought

C. invention

D. discovery

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意：——屠呦呦因为发现了青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。——而且她是第一位在科学方面获得诺贝尔奖的中国人。design设计；thought想法；invention发明；discovery发现。因为anemisinin（青蒿素）.是原来就存在的，因此是发现了它。故选D。【点评】考查名词辨析，结合语境选择合适的词。

5．（?黑龙江龙东）Could you give me some ______ ? I tried several times but failed.

A. notice

B. suggestion

C. advice

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？我试了几次，但是都失败了。A. notice 通知，可数名词单数；B. suggestion建议，可数名词单数；C. advice建议，不可数名词。some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。结合句意，排除A；根据some的用法排除B，故选C。

6．—How far is it from Chongqing to Guiyang?

—It's about two ______ ride by high-speed train.

A. hour

B. hour's

C. hours

D. hours'

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意：——从重庆到贵阳有多远？——坐高铁大约两小时的路程。根据two只能只能用复数，排除A和B，而再由名词ride知道应该用所有格来修饰，排除C。故选D。

【点评】考查名词所有格作定语。

7．The New Silk Road will offer a good _____ for more nations to communicate．

A. chance

B. habit

C. question

D. price

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】新丝绸之路将会给更多国家提供交流的好机会。根据各个选项的意思chance"机会"；habit"习惯，习性"；question"问题"；price"价格"，根据语境可知新丝绸之路将会给更多国家提供交流的好……对照选项的意思可推知提供一个好机会，故填入chance，故选A。

8．—Look! They are .

—Yes. We are proud of them.

A. man scientist

B. women scientists

C. woman scientists

D. man scientists 【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：——看！她们是女科学家。——是的。我们为她们感到骄傲。英文中当man，woman修饰名词复数时man/woman和所修饰名词都要变成复数，故选B。【点评】此题考查名词复数。注意man,woman修饰名词时的结构。

9．—What was the _______ of the football match last night?

— AC Milan won the game.

A. value

B. result

C. choice

D. decision

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：---昨天晚上的足球赛的结果是什么？---AC米兰队赢了。value价值；result结果；choice选择；decision决定。根据句意可知，比赛所涉及的当然是结果，故答案为B。

【点评】考查名词词义辨析，熟记单词，理解句意，注意基本逻辑。

10．（?徐州）I love __________. I hope one day I can take part in one of them, answer all the questions and win a big prize!

A. chat shows

B. game shows

C. cartoons

D. documentaries

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：我喜欢游戏节目。我希望有一天我可以参加其中的一个，回答所有的问题，赢得大奖！chat shows访谈节目；game shows游戏节目；cartoons卡通片；documentaries纪录片；根据answer all the questions and win a big prize!可知回答问题，应大奖的节目应是游戏节目。故选B。

【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。根据句意可选出答案。

11．—Whose room is this? Is it the______?

-—Yes, it is ______.

A. twins'; Tom and Tim's

B. twin's; Tom's and Tim's

C. twins'; Tom and Tim

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：——这是谁的房间？它是那对双胞胎的吗？——是的，它是汤姆和蒂姆的。在名词所有格中，若表示两个人各自所有的两个东西，则应在两个名词后面分别加上“‘s”，而且后面要接复数名词；若表示两个人共同拥有的一个东西，则只能在后面那个名词后面加上“‘s”，而且后面要接单数名词。根据指一间房间，故选A。

12．—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？

—Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think．

A. matter

B. mess

C. trouble

D. difficulty

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：——托尼，你能倒垃圾，刷碗吗？——当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看见这么狼藉，她会疯了的。matter问题；mess狼藉，杂乱；trouble麻烦；difficulty困难。根据Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，可知屋里有垃圾，碗和盘子没有刷，因此屋里一片狼藉，故选B。

【点评】此题考查名词的辨析。

13．I am hungry. I'd like to have some ______.

A. rice

B. sandwich

C. dumpling

D. egg

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：我饿了。我想吃点米饭。此处有some 修饰，后面应该是复数名词或不可数名词。sandwich,dumpling和egg都可数，应该为复数，rice不可数，故答案为A。

【点评】考查不定代词some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。

14．—Are you sure this is a photo , the famous comedy actress?

—It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin.

A. Jia Ling

B. Jia Ling's

C. of Jia Ling

D. of Jia Ling's

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】考查名词所有格。句意：—你肯定这是著名喜剧演员贾玲的一张相片吗？—使你吃惊，是不是？但是她曾经真的很瘦。一张……的相片：a photo of sb（指照片上拍摄的是某人）；a photo of one's（指照片是某人的摄影作品）。本题是指照片上是贾玲。故选C。

15．——I'm hungry. May I have something to eat? ——OK. Here's some ________.

A. orange

B. bread

C. water

D. milk

【答案】 B

【解析】【点评】句意：——我饿了。我可以吃一些东西吗?——好的。这里有一些面包。

A.橙汁;

B.面包;

C.水;

D.牛奶。根据上句想要吃的东西，而橙汁，水及牛奶都是喝的东西，故排除ACD，故选B。

16．In every ______ there has to be some give-and-take.

A. friendship

B. instrument

C. attention

D. blackboard

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：在每一段友谊中都必须有一些互谅互让。A. friendship意思是“友谊”；B. instrument意思是“乐器、仪器”；C. attention意思是“注意”；D. blackboard意思是“黑板”。根据后面的has to be some give-and-take.可知此处是说“友谊”，故答案为A。

【点评】考查名词辨析。理解题意并牢记单词。

17．—What is the ______ of your excellent spoken English?

—Practice makes perfect!

A. result

B. influence

C. duty

D. secret

【答案】D

【解析】【分析】句意：你流利口语的秘诀是什么？-- 实践出真知。A. 结果B. 影响C. 职责 D.t秘诀，故答案为D。

【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析。

18．— Can I help you with it?

— Thank you far your , but I can manage it myself.

A. advice

B. question

C. offer

D. idea

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：我能帮助你吗？-谢谢你的……但是我自己能行。根据句意可知此处是谢谢你的帮助，故选C。

【点评】考查名词辨析。

19．A good way to break the of eating too quickly is to put knife and fork down after each mouthful.

A. custom

B. tradition

C. habit

D. practice

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：打破吃得太快的习惯的好方法就是每吃一口就放下刀和叉。custom，风俗习惯；tradition，传统；habit，个人习惯；practice，惯例。根据文中的语句eating too quickly 是一种习惯，故选C。

【点评】考查名词辨析。熟知每个选项的基本含义，根据语境确定最适合的选项。20．—I think Mary has a very sweet _______.

— Yes, I think so. She can sing songs very well.

A. voice

B. sound

C. hearing

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：——我认为Mary有很甜的……。——我也这么认为，她唱歌很好听。A.嗓音； B.声音； C.听力，结合句意选A。

【点评】考查名词词义。

21．A（n） _________ is a person with a job to wear and show clothes.

A. model

B. host

C. actor

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：模特是一个穿并展示衣服的工作。model模特；host主人；actor 演员。故选A。

【点评】考查名词辨析。

22．Those are my______ clothes

A. children'

B. children's

C. parents's

D. parents

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】这题考查名词所有格的用法，名词所有格一般是在名词后面加's，如果名词是以s结尾，一般加’。所以只能选B。

23．Millie is using the search engine to find information about how to look after a pet. Help her choose the best keywords.

A. pet care

B. pet problems

C. e-pet

D. different pets

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】句意：米莉正在使用搜索引擎来查找有关如何照顾宠物的信息。帮助她选择最好的关键词。A宠物护理，B宠物问题，C电子宠物，D不同的宠物，根据look after a pet ，可知是宠物护理，故选A。

【点评】考查信息提炼，注意根据 look after a pet 的语境选择合适的用法。

24．— Archimedes was really a wise man. He could easily ________ the king's problem.

— Yes, so he was. And he was also a great scientist who had a lot of ________.

A. reduce; adventures

B. beat; decisions

C. solve; achievements

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：——阿基米德真是个聪明人。他可以轻易地……国王的问题。——是的，确实很聪明，他也是一个有着很多……的伟大科学家。A.减少；冒险。B.打败；决定。 C.解决；成就。结合句意选C。

【点评】考查动词和名词词义。

25．（.山东临沂）I live near the station, It‘s only about five ________ walk.

A. minute’s

B. minute

C. minutes’

D. minutes

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意:我住在车站附近。只有大约步行五分钟的路程。英语中基数词+时间词的所有格+交通方式，可以表示用这种交通方式需要多长时间。时间词根据基数词不同而进行单复数变化。本题中minute应该用复数形式，后面加s；故变为所有格时后面只加'

即可。选C。

26．There are three ______ and seven _______ in the picture.

A. deers, sheeps

B. deers, sheep

C. deer, sheep

D. deer, sheeps

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意:这幅画当中有三只鹿和七只羊.在英语中名词deer 和sheep 的单复数同形,所以无论是表示单数含义还是复数含义,都没有单复数变化,故选C.

【点评】英语中名词有可数名词与不可数名词之分，可数名词又有单复数之分，当可数名词的数量大于一个时用复数，要变成复数形式，其构成规则也比较复杂，需要不断总结记忆。不可数名词大多是一些物质名词和抽象名词，没有数的变化，需要注意的是，一些在汉语中明显可数的名词，在英语中往往不可数，也需要加以总结，注意了解中西文化的差别，不能以中式思维思考英语问题。

27．（?重庆）—It's hot today. Have some ________, please.

—No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.

A. water

B. potatoes

C. bread

D. cakes

【答案】 A

【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。句意：—今天很热。请喝一些水。—不，谢谢。我一点都不渴。water水；potatoes土豆；bread面包；cakes蛋糕。根据答语中I’m not th irsty at all.可知该选A。

28．一 What do you want to do as your future career?

一 I'd like to be an astronaut, but I think it is very difficult.

A. life

B. hobby

C. job

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：——你想做什么当作你未来的职业？——我想当宇航员，但是我认为那很困难。career职业；life生命；hobby爱好；job工作。故选C。

【点评】考查名词辨析。

29．June 1st is Day. All the children enjoy it very much.

A. the Childrens’

B. Children's

C. Children s’

D. the Children's

【答案】B

【解析】【分析】英语中表示节日时，前面不能用定冠词the，故排除AD；因为children 本身就是复数，故其名称所有格应该是加's，故用Children's。所以本题选B。

【点评】对于英语中的节日，一般前面不能加the，另外对于名词所有格，如果是以s结尾的复数的名词所有格则直接加’，如Teachers' Day。

30．（?广西百色）I feel a bit tired for I saw a two ____ film last night.

A. hour

B. hours

C. hour's

D. hours’

【答案】 D

【解析】【分析】句意：因为昨天晚上我看了一部两小时的电影，所以我感到有点儿疲倦。“两小时”：two hours（表示不止一个，名词用复数），”两小时的”：two hours’（以s 结尾的名词的所有格，在s后加’）。故选D。

31． weather it is! Let's go fishing.

A. What a fine

B. How fine

C. What fine

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】这题考查感叹句的用法：what修饰名词，how修饰形容词或副词，这句话是修饰weather，而且是不可数名词，所以选C。

32．（?滨州）—Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou？

—Yes，she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great ______．

A. surprise

B. achievement

C. education

D. satisfaction

【答案】 B

【解析】【分析】句意：﹣你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？﹣是的，由于她的伟大成就她嬴得了2015年的诺贝尔医学奖。

surprise惊讶；achievement成就；education教育；satisfaction满意；赢得诺贝尔奖的人一定是有巨大成就的，故选B。

【点评】名词辨析，根据句意选择合适的词。

33．On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the __________110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar.

A. man

B. men

C. men's

D. mens'

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】句意：4月24日，谢文军在卡塔尔举行的亚洲田径锦标赛男子110米栏比赛中夺得金牌。hurdles，跨栏赛，名词复数，与man之间是所属关系，此处要用名词复数的所有格，men所有格不是以s 结尾，直接在复数后打撇加s，men's，故选C。

【点评】考查名词复数所有格的构成和用法。注意名词复数的所有格的变化规则。

34．March 8th is _______ Day. I’ll make a gift for my mother.

A. Woman

B. Women

C. Women’s

D. Womens’

【答案】 C

【解析】【分析】考查名词所有格的用法。Women’s Day妇女节。故答案为C

35．— I have ______ in learning chemistry. Could you help me with it?

— Sure, I'd love to.

A. success

B. interest

C. trouble

D. fun

【答案】C

【解析】【分析】句意：我学习化学有困难，你能帮助我吗？当然，我很乐意。have trouble in doing sth在做某事方面有困难，故选C

【点评】词义辨析考的是学生的基础词汇知识，了解每个选项的含义是做好此类题型的关键，对于这类题，可从句意着手，同时，对于平时的学习要多进行积累词汇，考试时才能很好的完成。

中考中考英语总复习名词专题练习

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