英语句子成分讲解及练习
英语划分句子成分精讲和练习题

句子句子从目的上分:1.陈述句2疑问句1)一般疑问句2)选择疑问句3)反意疑问句4)特殊疑问句5)双重疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句句子从结构上分:1.简单句2.并列句(并列复合句)3.复合句(主从复合句)1)名词性从句:(1)主从(2) 宾从(3)表从(4)同从2)形容词性从句定从(限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句)3) 副词性从句(状从)简单句的五种基本句型subject): 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)?Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep.(形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I hope to see you again.(不定式)Did you write down what he said(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾3间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in.( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)(过去分词)He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby inher arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)(定语从句)v., adj., adv., or 句子。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。
)中,“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。
)中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。
)中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。
例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。
)中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。
)中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。
)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。
例如,“I love you” (我爱你。
)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。
十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案

十大词恨句子成分分析,五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习个体名词集体名词 普通名词《物质名词 抽象名词 专有名词人称代词:主格 宾格(注意it 的用法)物主代词:形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those单单数:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词”复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another,other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词:somebody, anybody,nobody不定代词 A someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothing everybody, everyone,everything功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数得等3 .数词:基数词 序数词功能:表数量或顺序 4 .冠词:足冠得 不足冠词 零冠局//功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath … 表时间:in/ on/ at,in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5 .介词:表运动:across/ through/ over/ pass.. '表方位:….< 其他j 功能:用在名词■代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词不可数名词功能:表示人或事物的名称2.代词一、新课导入6.形容词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质7.副局:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性并列连词:and/ both/ or/ not only・・・but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while..8. 连词:从属连词:if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though..一功能:用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词(vi./vt.)系动词助动词9.动词:情态动词不足式(上do)非谓语动词< 分词:现在分词(-ing )和过去分词(-ed)动名词(-ing)功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态10.感叹词:oh ah well.功能:表示说话时的感情或口气课前测:1.句子成分摸底测试:(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’ t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二:新课讲解:(一)旬^成分七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)定语、状语、补语、表语等。
英语 句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分及结构句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
一.主语:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.He is a handsome boy.He works hard all day.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.He is writing a letter.I can do it.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
句子成分的划分解析及练习

句子成分的划分英语句子成分:组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。
句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
1.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
(名词)2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。
(代词)3.Twenty years is a short time in history. 二十年在历史中是个很短的时间。
(数词)4.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
(动名词)5.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(不定式)6.What he needs is a book. 他所需要的是本书(主语从句)二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1.We study English. 我们学习英语2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。
三、表语(predicative):表示主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,表语前面的动词称为系动词。
1. He is a teacher.他是个老师(名词2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于十(数词)3.He is asleep.他睡着了(形容词)4.His father is in. 他的父亲在家(副词)5.The picture is on the wall.画在墙上。
(介词短语)6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。
7.Tom looks thin. 汤姆看上去很瘦。
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来、吃起来)...四、宾语:动作、行为的对象1.I like China.我喜欢中国。
(名词)2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。
(代词)3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少?我们需要两个。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)(课堂PPT)

谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少; ✓ 决定句子结构; ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. (名词) – He hates you. (代词) – How many do you need? We need two. (数词) – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. (动名词) – I hope to see you again. (不定式) – Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
英语句子成分讲解及练习

连系动词。
谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做
一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语
D
C
B
A
E
基本句型四:SVP(主+系+表)
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。
五年前我住在北京。
4.五年前我住在北京。 5秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 6.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
I lived in Beijing five years ago.
In autumn, some birds fly to the south.
4.他们成功地完成了计划。 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
They have carried out the plan successfully.
That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
01
Wait a minute.(名词)
02
巩固练习: 1.她昨天回家很晚。 2.会议将持续两个小时。 3.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大。
The meeting will last two hours.
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
He showed the ticket to the conductor.
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。
英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。
练习一:1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The cat;谓语:chased;宾语:the mouse。
2. 主语:My sister;谓语:is;宾语:a doctor。
3. 主语:The boy;谓语:is;定语:with the red hat;宾语:my friend。
4. 主语:She;谓语:sings;状语:beautifully。
5. 主语:The teacher;谓语:gave;宾语:us;定语:a lot of;宾语补足语:homework。
练习二:1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案:1. 主语:The tall man in the blue shirt;谓语:is;宾语:my father。
2. 主语:The dog;谓语:barked;状语:loudly;宾语:at the mailman。
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4. They │talked for half an hour.
5. The pen │writes smoothly
此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的 意思。虽然这种结构中动词后面不加宾语,但是往往带有状语。后 面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
状语可由以下形式表示:
• 4.他们成功地完成了计划。 They have carried out the plan successfully. • • 5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
• 6.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. • • 7.Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
• leave(留给某人……), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb) • pass(递给某人……), pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) • read(给某人读……), read sb sth (read sth to sb) • write(给某人写……), write sb sth (write sth to sb) • take(给某人拿……), take sb sth (take sth to sb)
基本句型 一:SV(主+谓)
主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词, 动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语: 谓语由动词构成, 是英语时态、语态 变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词 (vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。 如: We come.
S│V(不及物动词)
1. The sun│rose. 2. Who │cares? 3. What he said │does not matter.
• 5秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
In autumn, some birds fly to the south.
• 6.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 My grandfather gets up early in the morning. • • 7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.
1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment. 2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps. 3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us. 4. I don’t know which school he is in.
He jumped with joy.
基本句型 二:S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都
具有实义, 都是主语产生的动作, 但不能
表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。
这类动词叫做及物动词。
主语 + 及物动词(及物动词后面可直 接加宾语) + 宾语
Do you mind my opening the window?
基本句型 三:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g.
give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个
指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。
1. His father bought him a computer. 2. I sent a birthday gift to her yesterday. 3. My mother taught me how to do it 4. She asked Lucy whose pen it was.
• Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词 组) • He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短 语) • He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) • He is in the room making a model plane.(分 词短语)
8. 他一直走到山边。
He walked as far as the hillside.
9.这支笔很好写。 The pen writes smoothly. 10. 这些苹果很好卖。 These apples sell well.
11. 水果不易保鲜。
Fruits can’t keep well. 12. 这种布很易洗。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 13. 她高兴地跳起来了。
Jim cannot dress himself.
• 8.我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. • • 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 He did not know what to say. • • 10. 我开窗户你在意吗?
状语还可以由以下成分表示
• Once you begin, you must continue.(状语 从句) • Wait a minute.(名词)
• 巩固练习: • 1.她昨天回家很晚。
1. She went home very late yesterday evening.
• 2.会议将持续两个小时。
• get(为某人弄到……), get sb sth (get sth for sb) • pay(支付给某人……), pay sb sth (pay sth for sb) • buy(为某人买……), buy sb sth (buy sth for sb) • do(为某人做……) do sb sth (do sth for sb) • sing(为某人唱……) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb) • play(为某人演奏……) play sb sth (play sth for sb)
英语的基本成分有七种: ___________________________________ 主语(subject)、 谓语(predicate)、
___________________________________ 表语(predicative)、 宾语(object)、
___________________________________ 定语(attribute)、 状语(adverbial) 和___________________ 补语(complement)
一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做 连系动词。
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。
be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的
• cook(为某人煮……) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb) • choose(为某人选择……) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb) • make(为某人做……) make sb sth (make sth for sb) • save(为某人留……) save sb sth (save sth for sb) • fetch(为某人去取……) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)
The new machine will save you a lot of labour.
• 7.他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件 毛衣。
salary.
He bought a new coat for his mother with his first mo
基本句型四:SVP(主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语 动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上
• 巩固练习: • 1.昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
• 2.今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
• 3.这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times.
常见的可以接双宾语的动词有
• tell(告诉某人……), tell sb sth (tell sth to sb) • send(送给某人……), send sb sth (send sth to sb) • give(给某人……), give sb sth (give sth to sb) • bring(带给某人……), bring sb sth (bring sth to sb)
英语句子有长有短,有简有繁,从现象看, 似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发 现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基 本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种 英语句子结构的基础。
* 句子成分(member of sentence)由
词或词组充当
• 巩固练习: • 1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
Mr. Johபைடு நூலகம்son taught us German last year.
• 2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 • Grandma told me an interesting story last night. • 3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?