雪佛龙井眼净化和堵漏技术

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井漏问题也许是在泥浆上花费最高的钻井 问题。不仅是钻井时间的损失，更重要的是大 量昂贵的钻井液漏失到了地层中，同时还有可 能引发严重的井控事故。 针对这个问题，康菲公司开发出几种井眼 强化(WS)技术。所谓井眼强化，就是通过技术 处理，提高井眼破坏的临界压力。这些方法包 括使用特殊的颗粒材料、对井眼进行加热、应 用刚性堵漏小球以及使用特殊的含有桥堵和降 滤失配方的钻井泥浆等。 实验室试验和现场试验的结果显示，井眼 强化技术在钻井作业中表现出抗地层破裂能 力，对钻井作业具有特别的价值。 康菲公司最近采用特殊类型的堵漏材料进 行了几次井眼强化处理，在正常钻井作业期间 增大了地层抗破裂的能力。
Wellbore Strengthening Reducing lost circulation costs through fracture prevention. 井眼强化——通过防止裂缝减少堵漏费用
• The Challenge Wellbores “break down” when the hydraulic pressure in the wellbore exceeds the breakdown pressure of the weakest formation exposed, causing induced-fracture lost circulation. Lost circulation is the most costly mud-related drilling problem, and induced-fracture lost circulation is one of the most common types. A huge potential benefit exists if induced fractures could be prevented from starting or propagating. 挑战 对于所暴露的脆弱岩层，当井眼内的液柱 压力超越其破碎压力时，会发生井眼“破 裂”，导致诱导性裂缝井漏。井漏是最为昂 贵的因泥浆产生的钻井问题，诱导性裂缝 漏失是最为常见的一种类型。当诱导性破 裂开始或发展时就能阻止它，所带来的潜 在效益是很巨大的。
MOST COSTLY FLUID PROBLEMS 花钱最多的钻井液问题
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Loss of Circulation – 85% Hole Instability/Sloughing Shale – 35% Bit Balling – 5% Stuck Pipe – 5% Barite Sag – 5% Over Treatment –5% HTHP Filtrate control – 5% 堵漏－85％ 井眼不稳定/泥岩垮塌－35％ 钻头泥包－5％ 卡钻－5％ 重晶石沉降－5％ 钻井液处理过度－5％ 高温高压滤失控制－5％
Where do your current fluid systems fall short? 现有的钻井液有哪些不足？——客户关注度
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Loss of Circulation/effective LCM’s – 85% Hole instability/sloughing shale – 35% Cost/effectiveness – 15% Environmental issues – 15% Bit-balling – 5% QA/QC on mud company products – 5% Marketing over what is needed – 5% Rheology and Filtration control – 5% 堵漏/有效的堵漏材料 – 85% 井眼不稳定/泥岩垮塌－35％ 成本/效益– 15% 环境问题 – 15% 钻头泥包– 5% 对泥浆公司的产品的QA/QC– 5% 营销和需求 – 5% 流变和虑失控制 – 5%
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Wellbore Strengthening Reducing lost circulation costs through fracture prevention. 井眼强化——通过防止裂缝减少堵漏费用
• • The Answer? One possible solution is Wellbore Strengthening, which is defined as any treatment that increases the pressure at which the wellbore breaks down. 答案? 其中一种解决方案是强化井眼，是指任何有助于 增强井眼破碎压力的处理方法 Option 1 One technique is the addition of special granular loss prevention material (LPM) to the mud, which has recently been used on several ConocoPhillips wells, resulting in significant savings. 选择1 其中一项技术是加入一种特定颗粒度的防止漏失 材料（LPM）到泥浆中，该工艺已经在康菲的 几口井中使用获得明显的效益。
Introduction 绪论
Lost Circulation—— A Worldwide Problem 井漏 —— 世界性的难题
（世界应力分布图汇编自不同来源的应力数据）
DSCO: Survey of Operators 我们的调查对象
• • • • • • ExxonMobil 埃克森美孚 BP 碧辟 Chevron 雪佛龙 ConocoPhillips 康菲 Marathon 马拉松 Independents: Delta P; EnCana; Swift Energy; Energen Resources; CDX GAS; XTO Energy
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Wellbore strengthening concepts were “discovered” in the 1990’s 1990年代井眼强化概念的“发现”
• 1980’s DEA 13 –Fundamental lost circulation experimental study （CONOCO） 1990 Theory of Lost Circulation Pressure – SPE 20409; Morita & Giin-Fa Fuh, et.al. （CNOCO） Nonuo Morita 和Giin-Fa Fuh 博士 1992 A New Approach to Preventing Lost Circulation While Drilling – SPE 24599; Giin-Fa Fuh et.al. （CNOCO） 中国 Mechanism Study and Field Application of Lost Circulation Resisting and Sealing for Formations with Low Pressure and Easy Lost Circulation 低压易漏地层防漏堵漏机理探讨及现场应用 <<天然气工业 >>2004年03期 吴应凯 , 石晓兵 , 陈平 , 聂荣国 , 李黔 , 刘保安 , 吴晓明 , 滕国权
Topics 主题
– Introduction 绪论 – Technology 技术背景 • Wellbore Strengthening 井眼强化技术 – Products 产品 • Rebound LCM • Diaseal M LCM • Poly Block LCM • Dyna Red LCM
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Wellbore Strengthening Reducing lost circulation costs through fracture prevention. 井眼强化——通过防止裂缝减少堵漏费用
• Option 2 Another method of Wellbore Strengthening, a high fluid loss, high solids content squeeze, has been very successful in Nigeria and Alaska. In this method, a fluid designed to have a very thick filter cake is pumped into an existing induced-fracture lost circulation zone, and allowed to deposit a very thick filter cake in the fracture. Once the fracture is fully filled with hard filter cake, the wellbore is stronger than before the fracture was initiated. A successful application on an exploration well in Nigeria resulted in considerable savings. 选择2 另一个强化井眼的方法是，采用一种高失水，高固含 量的挤堵工艺，非常成功的用于Nigeria 和 Alaska地 区。这种方法是采用一种设计来可形成非常厚的泥饼 的钻井液，泵入一个存在诱导性裂缝的漏失区域，使 其在裂缝中沉积出非常厚的滤饼。一旦裂缝中充满这 种坚韧的滤饼，井眼比裂缝发生时的强度更高。这项 技术在Nigeria成功的用于勘探井，获得显著效益。
Wellbore Strengthening & Lost Circulation Material 井眼强化技术与 堵漏材料
Robin Yu 余永平 Drilling Specialties Company Chevron Phillips Chemicals Company LP 钻井特殊化学品分公司 雪佛龙菲利普斯化工有限公司