项目风险管理模板英文版

风险管理介绍(双语)

IDENTIFICATION OF HIGHER RISK JOBS 发现风险较高的项目
Higher risk jobs attract a Project Risk/Liability Uplift fee 风险较高的项目应增加项目风险/责任费风险较高的项目应增加项目风险责任费
TYPICAL RISK AREAS AT PROPOSAL STAGE 建议书阶段考虑的风险范围
RISK ASSESSMENT – LIKELIHOOD 风险评估 – 可能性
RISK ASSESSMENT – CONSEQUENCES 风险评估 – 后果
RISK ASSESSMENT - RISK LEVEL 风险评估 – 风险等级
RISK TREATMENT 风险处理
Do not take on the risk – sometimes clients want to pass on risks which they are best placed to manage 不接受风险 – 业主将风险转移给，业主将风险转移给，以使风险得到更好的管理 Accept risk but limit financial liability by having a specified limit of liability in the contract 接受风险，但在合同中列出具体的责任限额，从而限定的财务责任接受风险，但在合同中列出具体的责任限额，从而限定的财务责任责任限额 Accept risk but limit extent of exposure eg report disclaimers 接受风险，但限定受影响可能性的范围，接受风险，但限定受影响可能性的范围，如：提出否认责任 Accept risk and manage 接受风险，接受风险，并进行管理 Transfer risk to a third party 将风险转移给第三方

项目风险管理简介(英文版)

Develop An Effective Mitigating Strategy
More often than not, a risk will require multiple actions to be effectively mitigated.
Analysis often reveals that the same mitigating action is assigned to a variety of risks; another indication that the true risk has not yet been properly identified.
Risk logs quickly become unmanageable because of their size.
Identify Risks
This problem will not only cause schedule delays, budget overruns, poor quality, etc., but also lead the project team to lose confidence in their ability to effectively mitigate risk.
Avoid the risk. Do something to remove it. Use another supplier for example.
Transfer the risk. Make someone else responsible. Mitigate the risk. Take actions to lessen the impact
Now
Introduction

Project Risk Assessment (项目风险评估英文版)

XXXXXX ProjectHSEC Risk Assessment DocumentVersion HistoryContentsSection 1 -Introduction (4)Section 2 -Purpose (4)Section 3 -Scope (4)Section 4 -High Level Finding (4)Section 5 -Definitions (5)Section 6 -Assumptions (5)6.1Basic project details (6)6.2Assessment assumptions (6)Section 7 -Process (7)Section 1 - IntroductionThis Execution Risk Assessment document provides the construction team with a detailed assessment of potential risks/hazards associated with the construction work to be performed during the course of the XXXXXX Project (SRWCP).It is a living document and shall be regularly updated as new risks/hazards are determined and mitigation factors resolved.The content of the Execution Risk Assessment shall be employed in the development of site-specific risk control measures, which shall be formally utilized in the field to ensure that all work is undertaken in the safest manner possible.Section 2 - PurposeThe following has been developed to outline the identified Risks strategy within the various phases of the SRWCP.The overall purpose of the document is to outline risks or threats to which the organisation, project and personnel are exposed. This includes, but is not limited to the design and execution phases of the Project.When assessing the risks to the organization the following impact or consequences shall be considered:- The risks to the health and safety of employees to which they are exposed whilst at work;- The risks to others not in his employment and those potentially affected by his acts and omissions;- Subsequent risks to the environment.- Subsequent loss to the organization.Section 3 - ScopeThe scope of the Risk Management Programme is identified below and simply stated addresses:- FEED Contract stage- Execution Phase (EPC)The process of risk identification and mitigation is required throughout each phase of the SRWCP, until completion.To assist in this process it is imperative that all disciplines focus on the identification of hazards prior to the commencement of any work activity and take appropriate action to remove, modify or protect personnel, plant, environment and equipment from such hazards.To support the hazard identification and risk potential this document shall be read in conjunction to the project HSE procedures and in particular the procedure – Hazard identification and Risk Management.Section 4 - High Level FindingDuring this primary risk assessment of the project, there were over 200 initial risks identified, and of thesematrix because of their initial perceived impact levels. Of these 99 were identified as critical or high risks prior to any risk management actions. After reassessing with the effect of the risk management actions, this reduced to 47 (see appendix 1 and 2). A point of note on this is that the majority of the remaining (38) are in the rare and unlikely frequency probability bands (see appendix 3 PID). Further controls and actions will be investigated to manage these as a priority through the FEED phase.The remaining lower risk level risk will be brought into the overall risk register and also will be assessed, and risk management plans put in place, along with any further risks identified.As more information becomes available the overall risk register will be updated and reported as and when requiredSection 5 - DefinitionsSection 6 - AssumptionsDue to the early nature of design and construction methodology, assumptions have been made to allow initial hazard identification to begin. These assumptions will change as more detailed information becomes available, and will then impact on the risk identification already conducted.6.1 Basic project details- 670 to 700 km of new rail line- 670 km of new rail sub grade- 67 rail bridges (over 70km total)- 2119 Culverts- 4 tunnels – 3 drill and blast, 1 TBM- 25 rail stations- 30 man camps- 7 explosive magazines- 9 fuel dumps- 24 concrete batch plants- 7 medical facilities- 60km of new construction road- 7 Workshop areas- Several quarry areas- Approx. 40,000 persons- Assume project $10 Billon USD costing (for impact levels).- Work area divided into 9 sections6.2 Assessment assumptionsAfter award of FEED contract, the risk identification process will be continue through a series of workshops with the various teams, the objective of this is to refine the information gathered so far, and to provide assurance that the control measures are incorporated into the design and work execution planning.Risk and Hazard inform ation and HSEC incidents for the project will be recorded in the software “Active Risk Manager - ARM”. This will be purchased at contract award.Categories, coding and other reporting elements of the risks identified, will change over time, to encompass R io Tinto’s reporting requirements as they become known and further information is known about structure of the project etc,.At this early stage, the main assessment of risk minimisation techniques will be based around existing administrative and engineering controls.Risks identified have been compiled from sources within the Company.Actual ownership of individual risks and its methods of treatment will be determined during the on-going review process.Section 7 - ProcessProject management will adopt a life cycle approach. This structured approach identifies, analyses, and manages areas of risk or hazard. In addition, other specific risk assessments and reviews may be used to analyse specific areas of risk or hazard.The Company has a commitment to achieve the highest possible level of hazard and risk identification. Consistent with this commitment, the company will strive to exceed the minimum standard of local legislation, standards, and codes of practice.As a summary to the various parts of Risk Analysis and Hazard Identification, please see diagram (from ISO 31000):As indicated, the risk analysis and hazard identification process is a reiterative process and will continue for the life of the project.Project management will verify that their HSE&S management systems address as a minimum the hazards identified. The risks associated with each of these hazards are to be addressed through the means of a HSE&S work procedure.Particular attention will be paid to the tasks that are complex in nature or that have a higher than normal level of risk (e.g., vehicles and transport, aviation work, working at height, blasting, tunnelling etc).Risks shall be managed by adhering to the ‘As Low As Reasonable Possible’ (ALARP) prin ciple.Appendix A - Risk List with risk ranking at ‘ClassIII’ or ‘Class IV’ (Critical and High risklevel)Current as at 3 Jan 2012Risk Register- Criticaland High Level Risk Only.In order to open this file, please refer to the attachment [1.Risk Register- Critical and High risk levels only.xls] of this PDF File.Appendix B - Register List –with risk ranking at‘Class III’ or ‘Class IV’ (Critical andHigh risk level), with controls Current as at 3 Jan 2012Risk List WithResponses - Critical andIn order to open this file, please refer to the attachment [2.Risk Register-Critical and High risk levels only with controls.xls] of this PDF File.Appendix C - Over-all Risk Matrix Summary(Probability Impact Diagram-PID) Table: PID (risk count per level)Table: Overall score change by risk level:Printed copies are UncontrolledLast Reviewed: [10 January 2012]Appendix D -Risk cross analysis (Source and Category)Table - Risk cross analysis (Source and Category)CountryDelivery ofOreEnvironmentalLogisticalQualityRail InfrastructureSafety and Health of Persons UndefinedWeatherWorkforce UnrestCompliance 8011201122011Design/Engineering 1012111819020Materials and Substances00200020000Method of Work 20411230001Operational 212411015000Other Hazards 0010003000Place of Work 40400124110Plant and Equipment 00200222000Stakeholders 3001000001Strategic 4004000001Undefined00300141510Work Organisation 50220016002Working Environment80401137112Total Count1211641205516320270554134494130243604136026Category4602560221421Risk CountSourceCommunity UnrestTotal CountAppendix E - General total risk metrics Table: Count by Category:Table: Count by Source:Appendix F - Assessment information andcriteriaTable: Probability Impact Diagram (PID). (To determine risk level)Table: Likelihood (Probability/Frequency) levels and descriptionsTable: Impact Levels and descriptions- Economic (Cost and Time)Table: Impact Levels and descriptions- Non-Economic (Social and Environmental)Last Reviewed: [10 January 2012] Printed copies are UncontrolledLast Reviewed: [10 January 2012] Printed copies are Uncontrolled。

项目风险管理外文翻译

外文翻译As one of the important subjects of project management originated the First World War, and now it has been becoming more and more systematic and professional. In China the systematic project risk management framework was developed by the end of last century, but the practical application of project risk management still needs further improvement. With above background, this thesis focused on the medium or large real estate project, research project character, project management, typical Chinese construction project process, risk management, and project risk management. The first chapter briefed the current international and domestic study status of the subject, thesis purpose, and thesis scope, which are risk and its countermeasures research for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. The second chapter briefed the concept and character of real estate project, risk of project, and project risk management, which is the theoretical foundation of further risk management study for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter3,4 and 5 are the project risk management practice on the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter 3 is for project engineering risk management, which introduced the concept, purpode, and principle of project engineering at the beginning, and then analyzed the engineering objective, including schedule, cost, and quality, at last it identified and analyzed the project engineering risks and provided design change procedure and design company selection procedure as the risk response. Chapter 4 detailed the concept, principle, objective and key roles of project procurement, identified and assessed the project procurement risk, and also provided contractor selection procedure, vendor selection procedure, examples of procurement plans to response and monitor project risk. Chapter 5 firstly introduced the construction concept, character, process and project construction objectives, including quality objective, schedule objective, and safety objective, and then identified and assessed construction quality risk, schedule risk, cost risk and safety risk, The postscript of this thesis briefed the dynamic project risk management concept, restriction and limitation of this thesis, and opportunities for further research. Totally there are 14 appendixes attached after the thesis. These appendixes could be used as guidance and reference of risk management for real estate project. They are provided to be very useful in term of risk management for real estate project implementation phases.Project risk management as a procedure of optimism and decision, in which information will come out gradually in the multistage construction. The key to the risk management is how to select the risk response plan. Directed by the system theory and combined the theory of option pricing and project risk management, this paper adopts criterion method to analyze the management and activity in the stage of engineering project implement on the base of comparison to relative documents. This paper emphatically argues the choice of response plans under the condition of risks according to the established analysis frame. These forecasts are hypotheses abstract form the similar project performed before, whether they are actual or not will hugely affect the success of project The implement stage means project period from the location to product whose target is transform the plan to real and mark the aims. The implement stage occupies the most period of project, has huge work, consume the most resource. What is worth to mind is that the implement stage isprocess not only to form the real proprirty but also product information, for example, the knowledge of field status and the capability of contractor can only be obtained form implement. So in order to mark the target, the manager must test the hypotheses and use the new information assess the status of influence element, choose the best response plan according to the condition. This paper has value in instructing the project investor/manager in how to establish a risk management configuration and making decision under risk condition in the implement stage of construction project.This thesis begins with the knowledge system of project management, analyses the whole course of risk management and sets forth the method and program of project risk identification, risk appraisement and risk monitoring in project minutely. Finally, It shows a risk case of building project focal point for the investment decision of early stage with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Chapter 1 Discuss the important concept, method and knowledge system of project risk management, such as the definition of project, the knowledge system of project management PMBOKX the intension of risk, the content of risk management and so on ,carry out the risk analysis of building project emphatically. Chapter 2 Mainly introduce the tool and technology of project risk identification, such as checking table, the rules of systems analysis(WBS), the method of SWOT technology. Thinking of the demerit for every tool, hence author emphasize that we should appraise the gained information resource synthetically. Chapter 3 Explain how to go on the estimation and assessment of project risk, put forward the tool and technology of project risk analysis (as AHP, probability and sensitivity analysis ). When analyzing project risk quantitatively, first we should have definite warranty, do not surmise risk without foundation; Secondly, distinguish confirmed project from unconfirmed project in quantitative analysis. When using two important tools of quantitative risk analysis—probability and sensitivity analysis, one side is to estimate the probability of risk variable exactly; the other side is to judge and analyze the guidelines of probability analysis truly, as square margin, expected figure, disperse modulus. Through quantifying risk, it can strengthen our sense of risk management. Chapter 4 Elaborate the basic method of monitoring project risk. In order to carry into execution monitoring project risk, it is essential to establish perfect replying risk plan. The main steps is: lessening risk, take precautions against risk (as project method, instructing method, program method), conveying risk selling, inviting public bidding, the contract of absolving obligation, insurance and guarantee), avoidance, leave behind and measure in support. Chapter 5 A risk management example. First, analyze the various possible existent risk factors of this project systematically. Secondly, study its sensitivity factor thorough quantifying assessment risk for the project, as well as establishing and putting in practice a plan in order to control the negative influence in minimum level. The building has total 130500 square in architectural area, superior geographical location and tremendously potential value, its overall investment is 4.26 hundreds million. This chapter first studies the market from place environment all around traffic and market requirement, then analyzes systematically financing risk and organic risk of joint venture. On the basis of foregoing analysis, it establishes some parameter of risk quantifying analysis, calculates its selling revenue running expense and cash flow form, uses sensitivity analysis to gain best sensitivity factor. As the uncertain essence of risk, it is extremely important to analyze probability factor of the project. So we confirm the probability form of every variable, then calculatepresent value of each possible event according to different constitutes of risk variable; and sort all possible events according to their present values from small to big, calculate accumulative probability, square margin and disperse modulus, thus analyze the risk of project quantitatively, provide quantitative support for supervisor when they will make a decision. Comparing with international advanced level, our country has great gap on the link of how to apply theory of project risk management to practice of project management, especially short of system research in project risk management. On the basis International project contracting is rather a complex project in the cooperation of international economy and technology, and the implementing of the projects will be influenced by political, economy and social situations Firstly, this paper systemically analyzed the market situation of the international project contracting, and concretely analyzed the market structure in Asia, America, Africa and Europe. It concluded the trend of the development of the international contracting market; projects are becoming large-scale and complex and the contracting pattern is diversified, and the management of the international project contracting is standardized. Secondly, this paper analyzed the development status and characteristic of the international project contracting in our country. Although the internationalization tendency of our country’s international project contracting firm is preferable, there is large gap in the whole strength when compared with firms from the developed countries, and also there are limitations in the distributing of the projects in different regions and industries. Thirdly, this paper summarized the technique of international project contracting risk identification, estimate and appraise in our country. Put forward to finance and non-finance risk treating means, and apply the energy release theory to international project contracting risk management, and research the dominating risk in the bid phase and construction and build the energy release model of each phrase. In the cases of Kun River Hydroelectric Station Project in Vietnam and Aromatic Plant Shali Irrigation Project in Nepal, this paper put forward to the technique of the international project contracting risk identification, estimation, appraise and reply in dealing with the project risk. Finally, in the risk estimation and risk appraise, this paper paid attention to evaluate the losing caused by the risk exactly; in the risk reply ,give attention to two aspects of cost and return, look after the economic and logical risk reply measure, in order to make the project risk least, the operating of companies most efficiently and the return highest外文翻译项目风险管理作为项目管理的重要内容之一，起源于第一次世界大战之后。

项目风险管理分析中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Project Risk AnalysisChapter 1 Introduction1.1 About this compendiumThis course compendium is to be used in the course “Risikostyring is projector”. The focus will be on the following topics:• R isk identification• Risk structuring• Risk modeling in the light of a time schedule and a cost model• Risk follows upWe will also discuss elements related to decision analysis where risk is involved, and use of life cycle cost and life cycle profit models. The course compendium comprises a large number of exercises, and it is recommended to do most of the exercises in order to get a good understanding of the topics and methods described. A separate MS Excel program, pRisk.xls has been developed in order to assist numerical calculations and to conduct Monte Carlo simulation.1.2 DefinitionsAleatory uncertaintyVariation of quantities in a population. We sometimes use the word variability rather than aleatory uncertainty.Epistemic uncertaintyLack of knowledge about the “world”, and observable quantities in particular. DependencyThe relation between the sequences of the activities in a project.Observable quantityA quantity expressing a state of the “world”, i.e. a quantity of the p hysical reality or nature, that is unknown at the time of the analysis but will, if the system being analyzed is actually implemented, take some value in the future, and possibly become known. ParameterWe use the term parameter in two ways in this report. The main use of a parameter is that it is a quantity that is a part of the risk analysis models, and for which we assign numerical values. The more academic definition of a parameter used in a probabilitystatement about an observable quantity, X, is that a parameter is a construct where the value of the parameter is the limiting value where we are not able to saturate our understanding about the observable quantity X whatsoever new information we could get hold of. Parameter estimateThe numeric value we assess to a parameter.ProbabilityA measure of uncertainty of an event.RiskRisk is defined as the answer to the three questions [14]: i) what can go wrong? ii) How likely is it? And if it goes wrong, iii) what are the consequences? To describe the risk is a scenarioRisk acceptanceA decision to accept a risk.Risk acceptance criterionA reference by which risk is assessed to be acceptable or unacceptable.ScheduleA plan which specifies the start and finalization point of times for the activities in a project.Stochastic dependencyTwo or more stochastic variables are (stochastically) dependent if the expectation of one stochastic variable depends on the value of one or more of the other stochastic variables. Stochastic variableA stochastic variable, or random quantity, is a quantity for which we do not know the value it will take. However, we could state statistical properties of the variable or make probability statement about the value of the quantity.1.3 DEFINITIONSUncertaintyLack of knowledge about the performance of a system, and observable quantities in particular.Chapter 2Risk ManagementGenerally, risk management is defined (IEC 60300-3-9) as a “systematic application ofmanagement policies, procedures and practices to the tasks of analyzing, evaluating and controlling risk”. It will comprise (IEC definitions in parentheses):• Risk assessment, i.e.–Risk analysis (“Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the r isk to individuals or populations, property or the environment”)–Risk evaluation (“Process in which judgments are made on the tolerability of the risk on the basis of risk analysis and taking into account factors such as socio-economic and environmental aspects”)• Risk reduction/control (Decision making, implementation and risk monitoring).There exists no common definition of risk, but for instance IEC 60300-3-9 defines risk as a “combination of the frequency, or probability, of occurrence and the consequence of a specified hazardous events”. Most definitions comprise the elements of probabilities and consequences. However, some as Klinke and Renn suggest a very wide definition, stating: “Risk refers to the possibility that human actions or events lead to consequences that affect aspects of what humans value”. So the total risk comprises the possibility of number (“all”)unwanted/hazardous events. It is part of the risk analysis to delimit which hazards to include. Further, risk usually refers to threats in the future, involving a (high) degree of uncertainty. In the following we will present the basic elements of risk management as it is proposed to be an integral part of project management.2.1 Project objectives and criteriaIn classical risk analysis of industrial systems the use of so-called risk acceptance criteria has played a central role in the last two or tree decades. Basically use of risk acceptance criteria means that some severe consequences are defined, e.g. accident with fatalities. Then we try to set an upper limit for the probability of these consequences that could be accepted, i.e. we could not accept higher probabilities in any situations. Further these probabilities could only be accepted if risk reduction is not possible, or the cost of risk reduction is very high.In recent years it has been a discussion in the risk analysis society whether it is fruitful or not to use risk acceptance criteria according to the principles above. It is argued that very often risk acceptance criteria are set arbitrary, and these do not necessarily support the overall best solutions. Therefore, it could be more fruitful to use some kind of risk evaluation criteria, rather than strict acceptance criteria. In project risk management we could establish acceptance criteria related to two types of events:• Events with severe consequences related to health, environment and safety.• Events with severe consequences related to project costs, project quality, project duration, oreven termination of the project. In this course we will have main focus on the project costs and the duration of the project. Note that both project cost and project duration are stochastic variables and not events. Thus it is not possible to establish acceptance criteria to project cost or duration directly. Basically, there are three types of numeric values we could introducein relation to such stochastic variables describing the project:1. Target. The target expresses our ambitions in the project. The target shall be something we are striving at, and it should be possible to reach the target. It is possible to introduce (internal) bonuses, or other rewards in order to reach the targets in a project.2. Expectation. The expectations are the value the stochastic variables will achieve in the long run, or our expectation about the outcome. The expectation is less ambitious than the target. The expectation will in a realistic way account for hazards, and threats and conditions which often contribute to the fact that the targets are not met.3. Commitment. The commitments are values related to the stochastic variables which are regulated in agreements and contracts. For example it could be stated in the contract that a new bridge shall be completed within a given date. If we are not able to fulfill the commitments, this will usually result in economical consequences, for example penalties for defaults, or in the worst case canceling of the contract.2.2 Risk identificationA scenario is a description of a imagined sequence or chain of events, e.g. we have a water leakage, and we are not able to stop this leakage with ordinary tightening medium due to the possible environmental aspects which is not clarified at the moment. Further the green movement is also likely to enter the scene in this case. A hazard is typically related to energies, poisonous media etc, and if they are released this will result in an accident or a severe event. A threat is a wider term than hazard, and we include also aspects as “wrong” method applied, “lack of competence and experience”. The term threat is also very often used in connection with security problems, e.g. sabotage, terrorism, and vandalism.2.3 Structuring and modeling of riskIn Section 2.2 we have identified methods to identify events and threats. We now want to relate these events and threats to the explicit models we have for project costs and project duration.2.3.1 Model for project execution time/schedule modelingWhen analyzing the execution time for a project we will have a project plan and typicallya Gantt diagram as a starting point. The Gantt diagram is transformed into a so-called flow network where the connections between the activities are explicitly described. Such a flow network also comprises description of duration of the activities in terms of probability statements. The duration of each activity is stochasticVariables, which we denote Ti for activity in a flow network we might also have uncertain activities which will be carried out only under special conditions. These conditions could be described in terms of events, and we need to describe the probability of occurrence of such events. Thus, there is a set of quantities, i.e. time variables and events in the model. The objective is now to link the undesired events and threats discussed in Section 2.2 to these time variables and events. Time variables are described by a probability distribution function. Such a distribution function comprises parameters that characterize the time variable. Often a parametric probability distribution is described by the three quantities L (low), M (most likely) and H high. If an undesired event occur, it is likely that the values of L, M and H will be higher than in case this event does not occur. A way to include the result from the risk identification process is then to express the different values of L, M and H depending on whether the critical event occurs or not. If we in addition are able to assess the probability of occurrence of the critical event, the knowledge about this critical event has been completely included into the risk model. Based on such an explicit modeling of the critical event, we could also easily update the model in case of new information about the critical event is obtained, for example new information could be available at a later stage in the process and changes of the plan could still be possible in light of the new information.2.3.2 Cost modelingThe cost model is usually based on the cost breakdown structure, and the cost elements will again be functions of labor cost, overtime cost, purchase price, hour cost of renting equipment, material cost, amount of material etc. The probabilistic modeling of cost is usually easier than for modeling project execution time. The principle is just to add a lot of cost terms, where each cost term is the product of the unit price and the number of units. We introduce price and volume as stochastic variables to describe the unit price and the number of units. The price and volume variables should also be linked to the undesired events and threats we have identified in Section 2.2. Often it is necessary to link the cost model to the schedule model. For example in case of delays it might be necessary to put more effort into the project to catch up with the problems, and these efforts could be very costly. Also, if the project is delayed we may need to pay extra cost to sub-contractors that have to postpone their support into the project.2.3.3 Uncertainty in schedule and cost modelingAs indicated above we will establish probabilistic models to describe the duration and cost of a project. The result of such a probabilistic modeling is that we treat the duration and cost as stochastic variables. Since duration and costs are stochastic variables, this means that there is uncertainty regarding the values they will take in the real project we are evaluating. Sometimes we split this uncertainty into three different categories, i) Aleatory uncertainty (variability due to e.g. weather conditions, labor conflicts, breakdown of machines etc.), ii) para meter or epistemic uncertainty due to lack of knowledge about “true” parameter values, and iii) model uncertainty due to lack of detailed, or wrong modeling. Under such thinking, the aleatory uncertainty could not be reduced; it is believed to be the result of the variability in the world which we cannot control. Uncertainty in the parameters is, however, believed to be reducible by collecting more information. Also uncertainty in the models is believed to be reducible by more detailed modeling, and decomposition of the various elements that go into the model. It is appealing to have a mental model where the uncertainty could be split into one part which we might not reduce (variability), and one part which we might reduce by thorough analysis and more investigation (increased knowledge). If we are able to demonstrate that the part of the uncertainty related to lack of knowledge and understanding has been reduced to a sufficient degree, we could then claim high confidence in the analysis. In some situation the owner or the authorities put forward requirements. Which could be interpreted as confidence regarding the quality of the analysis? It is though not always clear what is meant by such a confidence level. As an example, let E(C) be the expected cost of ap roject. A confidence statement could now be formulated as “The probability that the actual project cost is within an interval E(C) ± 10% should at least be 70%”. It is, however, not straight forward to document such a confidence level in a real analysis. T he “Successive process (trinnvisprosessen)” [4] is an attempt to demonstrate how to reduce the “uncertainty” in the result to a certain level of confidence.We also mention that Even [12] has recently questioned such an approach where there exist model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty, and emphasizes that we in the analysis should focus on the observable quantities which will become evident for us if the project is executed, e.g. the costs, and that uncertainty in these quantities represent the lack of knowledge about which values they will take in the future. This discussion is not pursuit any more in this presentation.2.4 Risk elements for follow up: Risk and opportunity registerAs risk elements and threats are identified in Section 2.2 these have to be controlled as far as possible. It is not sufficient to identify these conditions and model them in the schedule and cost models, we also have to mitigate the risk elements and threats. In order to ensure a systematic follow up of risk elements and threats it is recommended to establish a so-called threat log. The terms ‟Risk Register…and ‟Risk & Opportunity Register…(R&OR) is sometimes used rather than the term ‟threat log.… A R&OR is best managed by a database solution, for example an MS-Access Database. Each row in the database represents one risk element or threat. The fields in such a database could vary, but the following fields seems reasonable: • ID. An identifier is required in order to keep track of the threat in relation to the quantitative risk models, to follow up actions ET.• Description. A description of the threat is necessary in order to understand the content of the problem. It could be necessary to state the immediate consequences (e.g. occupational accident), but also consequences in terms of the main objectives of the project, e.g. time and costs.• Likelihood or probability. A judgment regarding how probable it is that the threat or the risk condition will be released in terms of e.g. undesired or critical events.• Impact. If possible, give a direct impact on cost and schedule if the event occurs, either by an expected impact, or by L, M and H values.• References to cost and schedule. In order to update the schedule and cost models it is convenient to give an explicit reference from the R&OR into the schedule and cost models. • Manageability. Here it is descried how the threat could be influenced, either by implementing measures to eliminate the threat prior to it reveals it self, or measures in orderto reduce the consequences in case of the threat will materialize.• Alert information. It is important to be aware of information that could indicate the development of the threat before it eventually will materialize. If such information is available we could implement relevant measures if necessary. For example it could be possible to take ground samples at a certain cost, but utilizing the information from such samples could enable us to choose appropriate methods for tunnel penetration.• Measures. List of measures that could be implemented to reduce the risk.• Deadline and responsible. Identification of who is responsible for implementing and follow up of the measure or threat, and any deadlines.• Status. Both with respect to the threat and any measure it is valuable to specify the development, i.e. did the treat reveal it self into undesired events with unwanted consequences, did the measure play any positive effect etc.2.5 Correction and controlAs the project develops the R&OR is the primary control tool for risk follow up. By following the status of the various threats, risk elements and measures we could monitor the risk in the project. This information should of course be linked to the time and cost plans. If a given threat does not reveal in terms of undesired events, the time and cost estimates could be lowered and this gain could be utilized in other part of the project, or in other projects. In the opposite situation it is necessary to increase the time and cost estimates, and we need to consider new measures, and maybe spend some of the reserves to catch up in case of an expected delay. During the life cycle of a project it will occur new threats and risk elements which we did not foresee in the initial risk identification process. Such threats must continuously be entered into the R&OR, and measures need to be considered.一、介绍（一）关于本纲要本课程纲要过程中研究的是“风险也是一种项目”。

英文项目管理模板

英文项目管理模板1A general English project management template is a powerful tool that can guide us through the complex process of bringing a project to fruition! It typically consists of several key components. Firstly, there's the project scope definition, which clearly outlines what the project aims to achieve. Then, we have the detailed project schedule, mapping out the timelines and milestones. Don't forget the resource allocation section, determining who and what is needed at each stage.Let's take organizing an English speech competition at school as an example. To plan using this template, we'd define the scope by specifying the number of participants, the judging criteria, and the topics. The schedule would include dates for registration, preliminaries, and the final event. Resources would cover the judges, equipment, and the venue.During the execution phase, we'd closely follow the schedule and ensure the resources are in place. Monitoring is crucial! We'd constantly ask questions like, "Are we on track with the schedule?" and "Are the resources being utilized effectively?" If there are any deviations, we'd take corrective actions promptly.In conclusion, a well-structured English project management template is essential for the success of any project. It provides clarity, direction, andcontrol!2Project management is of vital importance in various fields, and different types of projects demand specific management templates. Let's take business expansion projects and scientific research projects as examples. In business expansion projects, the focus of the management template is often on market analysis, financial planning, and risk assessment! How crucial these aspects are for the success of the project? The template emphasizes strategic decision-making and resource allocation to ensure maximum profit and market share. On the contrary, in scientific research projects, the template pays more attention to the research design, data collection and analysis, and the validation of results. Isn't it interesting to note the differences? Here, the accuracy and reliability of the research process are of paramount importance. However, both types of projects share some common elements such as clear goals, timelines, and team communication. But the emphasis and weight given to each element vary significantly. So, understanding the characteristics and differences of these management templates is essential for effectively managing and achieving the success of different projects. Isn't that so?3Project management is a crucial aspect of achieving success in anyundertaking. A well-crafted English project management template can be a game-changer! But how do we customize it to meet the specific needs of a project? Let's take an innovative community service project as an example.First and foremost, we need to clearly define the project's objectives. For this community service project, is it to provide free educational classes to underprivileged children? Or to organize a volunteer-driven environmental cleanup campaign? Once the objectives are clear, we can tailor the template accordingly.The task breakdown should be detailed and specific. For instance, if it's the educational classes, we need to list tasks like finding qualified teachers, preparing teaching materials, and arranging the classroom. Oh my goodness! This requires meticulous planning.The timeline is of utmost importance! When will the classes start? How often will they be held? We must set realistic deadlines to ensure smooth progress.Resource allocation is another key factor. Do we have enough funds for textbooks and equipment? What about human resources? Are there enough volunteers?In conclusion, customizing an English project management template for a specific project is no easy task, but with careful thought and planning, it can lead to amazing results! Isn't that exciting?Project management is of great significance in today's fast-paced business world. English project management templates play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and quality of projects. Imagine a successful corporate training project! How could it achieve remarkable results? The answer lies in the effective utilization of an English project management template.A well-structured template provides a clear roadmap. It helps define project goals, tasks, timelines, and responsibilities precisely. With everything organized and documented, team members know exactly what to do and when to do it. This eliminates confusion and reduces the chances of errors or delays.For instance, in a recent corporate training project, the template was used to schedule training sessions, assign trainers, and monitor progress. The template made it easy to identify potential issues in advance and take corrective actions promptly. Wasn't it amazing how smoothly the project went?In conclusion, English project management templates are not just tools; they are powerful assets that can lead to project success. So, why not embrace them and unlock their potential for better project outcomes?In the ever-evolving landscape of project management, the future of English project management templates holds tremendous promise and exciting possibilities! As technology continues to advance at a breathtaking pace, one can't help but wonder how these templates will transform. Will they seamlessly integrate artificial intelligence-assisted features to streamline processes and offer real-time insights? It's highly likely! Imagine having an intelligent assistant within the template that suggests optimal strategies based on historical data and current project parameters. This could revolutionize the way we plan, execute, and monitor projects.Moreover, could we expect templates to become more customizable and adaptive to the unique needs of different industries and project types? The answer is undoubtedly yes! With the rise of agile and hybrid project management methodologies, templates need to be flexible enough to accommodate rapid changes and evolving requirements.So, what else lies on the horizon for English project management templates? Will they incorporate advanced visualization tools to present complex data in a more intuitive and understandable manner? Will they enable seamless collaboration across geographically dispersed teams in real-time? The potential for innovation is vast, and the future looks incredibly bright. We must keep our eyes wide open and embrace these changes to stay at the forefront of efficient project management.。

项目风险管理外文翻译

外文翻译As one of the important subjects of project management originated the First World War, and now it has been becoming more and more systematic and professional. In China the systematic project risk management framework was developed by the end of last century, but the practical application of project risk management still needs further improvement. With above background, this thesis focused on the medium or large real estate project, research project character, project management, typical Chinese construction project process, risk management, and project risk management. The first chapter briefed the current international and domestic study status of the subject, thesis purpose, and thesis scope, which are risk and its countermeasures research for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. The second chapter briefed the concept and character of real estate project, risk of project, and project risk management, which is the theoretical foundation of further risk management study for the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter3,4 and 5 are the project risk management practice on the implementation phase of medium or large real estate project. Chapter 3 is for project engineering risk management, which introduced the concept, purpode, and principle of project engineering at the beginning, and then analyzed the engineering objective, including schedule, cost, and quality, at last it identified and analyzed the project engineering risks and provided design change procedure and design company selection procedure as the risk response. Chapter 4 detailed the concept, principle, objective and key roles of project procurement, identified and assessed the project procurement risk, and also provided contractor selection procedure, vendor selection procedure, examples of procurement plans to response and monitor project risk. Chapter 5 firstly introduced the construction concept, character, process and project construction objectives, including quality objective, schedule objective, and safety objective, and then identified and assessed construction quality risk, schedule risk, cost risk and safety risk, The postscript of this thesis briefed the dynamic project risk management concept, restriction and limitation of this thesis, and opportunities for further research. Totally there are 14 appendixes attached after the thesis. These appendixes could be used as guidance and reference of risk management for real estate project. They are provided to be very useful in term of risk management for real estate project implementation phases.Project risk management as a procedure of optimism and decision, in which information will come out gradually in the multistage construction. The key to the risk management is how to select the risk response plan. Directed by the system theory and combined the theory of option pricing and project risk management, this paper adopts criterion method to analyze the management and activity in the stage of engineering project implement on the base of comparison to relative documents. This paper emphatically argues the choice of response plans under the condition of risks according to the established analysis frame. These forecasts are hypotheses abstract form the similar project performed before, whether they are actual or not will hugely affect the success of project The implement stage means project period from the location to product whose target is transform the plan to real and mark the aims. The implement stage occupies the most period of project, has huge work, consume the most resource. What is worth to mind is that the implement stage isprocess not only to form the real proprirty but also product information, for example, the knowledge of field status and the capability of contractor can only be obtained form implement. So in order to mark the target, the manager must test the hypotheses and use the new information assess the status of influence element, choose the best response plan according to the condition. This paper has value in instructing the project investor/manager in how to establish a risk management configuration and making decision under risk condition in the implement stage of construction project.This thesis begins with the knowledge system of project management, analyses the whole course of risk management and sets forth the method and program of project risk identification, risk appraisement and risk monitoring in project minutely. Finally, It shows a risk case of building project focal point for the investment decision of early stage with qualitative and quantitative analysis. Chapter 1 Discuss the important concept, method and knowledge system of project risk management, such as the definition of project, the knowledge system of project management PMBOKX the intension of risk, the content of risk management and so on ,carry out the risk analysis of building project emphatically. Chapter 2 Mainly introduce the tool and technology of project risk identification, such as checking table, the rules of systems analysis(WBS), the method of SWOT technology. Thinking of the demerit for every tool, hence author emphasize that we should appraise the gained information resource synthetically. Chapter 3 Explain how to go on the estimation and assessment of project risk, put forward the tool and technology of project risk analysis (as AHP, probability and sensitivity analysis ). When analyzing project risk quantitatively, first we should have definite warranty, do not surmise risk without foundation; Secondly, distinguish confirmed project from unconfirmed project in quantitative analysis. When using two important tools of quantitative risk analysis—probability and sensitivity analysis, one side is to estimate the probability of risk variable exactly; the other side is to judge and analyze the guidelines of probability analysis truly, as square margin, expected figure, disperse modulus. Through quantifying risk, it can strengthen our sense of risk management. Chapter 4 Elaborate the basic method of monitoring project risk. In order to carry into execution monitoring project risk, it is essential to establish perfect replying risk plan. The main steps is: lessening risk, take precautions against risk (as project method, instructing method, program method), conveying risk selling, inviting public bidding, the contract of absolving obligation, insurance and guarantee), avoidance, leave behind and measure in support. Chapter 5 A risk management example. First, analyze the various possible existent risk factors of this project systematically. Secondly, study its sensitivity factor thorough quantifying assessment risk for the project, as well as establishing and putting in practice a plan in order to control the negative influence in minimum level. The building has total 130500 square in architectural area, superior geographical location and tremendously potential value, its overall investment is 4.26 hundreds million. This chapter first studies the market from place environment all around traffic and market requirement, then analyzes systematically financing risk and organic risk of joint venture. On the basis of foregoing analysis, it establishes some parameter of risk quantifying analysis, calculates its selling revenue running expense and cash flow form, uses sensitivity analysis to gain best sensitivity factor. As the uncertain essence of risk, it is extremely important to analyze probability factor of the project. So we confirm the probability form of every variable, then calculatepresent value of each possible event according to different constitutes of risk variable; and sort all possible events according to their present values from small to big, calculate accumulative probability, square margin and disperse modulus, thus analyze the risk of project quantitatively, provide quantitative support for supervisor when they will make a decision. Comparing with international advanced level, our country has great gap on the link of how to apply theory of project risk management to practice of project management, especially short of system research in project risk management. On the basis International project contracting is rather a complex project in the cooperation of international economy and technology, and the implementing of the projects will be influenced by political, economy and social situations Firstly, this paper systemically analyzed the market situation of the international project contracting, and concretely analyzed the market structure in Asia, America, Africa and Europe. It concluded the trend of the development of the international contracting market; projects are becoming large-scale and complex and the contracting pattern is diversified, and the management of the international project contracting is standardized. Secondly, this paper analyzed the development status and characteristic of the international project contracting in our country. Although the internationalization tendency of our country’s international project contracting firm is preferable, there is large gap in the whole strength when compared with firms from the developed countries, and also there are limitations in the distributing of the projects in different regions and industries. Thirdly, this paper summarized the technique of international project contracting risk identification, estimate and appraise in our country. Put forward to finance and non-finance risk treating means, and apply the energy release theory to international project contracting risk management, and research the dominating risk in the bid phase and construction and build the energy release model of each phrase. In the cases of Kun River Hydroelectric Station Project in Vietnam and Aromatic Plant Shali Irrigation Project in Nepal, this paper put forward to the technique of the international project contracting risk identification, estimation, appraise and reply in dealing with the project risk. Finally, in the risk estimation and risk appraise, this paper paid attention to evaluate the losing caused by the risk exactly; in the risk reply ,give attention to two aspects of cost and return, look after the economic and logical risk reply measure, in order to make the project risk least, the operating of companies most efficiently and the return highest外文翻译项目风险管理作为项目管理的重要内容之一，起源于第一次世界大战之后。

风险管理(英文版)

People
Assets
Environment
Reputation
Multiple fatalities
Extensive damage
Significant harm*
International impact
5
Single fatality
Major injury
Major damage
Localised damage
Where the risk assessment is generic it should be clearly stated.
Indicate the people who could be affected (including contractors and the public) and the frequency and duration of exposure – precise details are not required.
C
Hazard: The hazard is the thing with the potential for harm, such as a flammable substance, rotating
machine or deep water. Record all of the significant hazards associated with the activity being assessed.
F Consequence (outcome) Details of harm
Broken limbs
G
H
J
Value 1 to 5
3
Existing control measures used