初中英语形容词和副词用法讲解

初中英语形容词和副词用法讲解
初中英语形容词和副词用法讲解

初中英语语法---形容词和副词用法讲解

命题趋势:

形容词的比较级是近几年中考命题的热点之一,占中考题的百分之九以上,近几年中考试题主要考查形容词在句中作表语,后置定语和宾语补足语的用法。比较级的一些不规律的情况及一些固定句型也尤为重要,比较级和最高级在特定的语言环境中的选用也是重点考查内容。

考点一、形容词的定义及句法功能

形容词是用来描写或修饰名词(或代词)的一类词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。

1.用作定语,修饰名词或代词。

(1)形容词修饰名词时,一般置于它所修饰的名词之前;如有若干形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它们的排列顺序较为固定,通常为:描绘形容词—特征形容词--(包括大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄等)--颜色形容词。

例如:She has beautiful long curly blond hair.

她长着漂亮的金黄色长卷发。

Mary gave me a useful big brown wooden box.

玛丽给我一个实用的大的褐色木盒子。

注意:

A.enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词之前,也可以放在名词之后。但多放在名词前。例如:

Don’t worry, we have enough time/time enough to get there.

别着急,我们有足够的时间赶到那儿。

B.由连字符连接起来的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数形式。例如:

an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩

(2)形容词修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时,需后置。例如:

Will you please tell us something interesting?

你给我们说一些有趣的事好吗?

There’s nothing special in the box.

盒子里没有什么特别的东西。

Anyone intelligent can do it.

任何有智力的人都能做这件事。

2.用作表语,位于系动词之后。

初中阶段常用的系动词有:be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn, seem, keep, grow

例:The park is very beautiful.这座公园很美。

The soup smells delicious.汤闻上去真鲜美。

That sounds good.那听上去不错。

3.用作宾语补足语,紧跟在宾语后面。例如:

Keep the classroom clean and tidy,please.

请保持教室干净整洁。

Kate found her work very boring.

凯特发现她的工作很枯燥。

We should try our best to make our environment more beautiful.

我们应该尽力使我们的环境更美。

注意:常见的只作表语的形容词有:well, ill, sorry, gald, ready;以及以a-起首的:afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake等。

常见的只作定语的形容词有:digital, woolen, indoor, outdoor;以及表示方位的:east, eastern,north,northern,south,southern,west,western等。另外,有些形容词和定冠词the连用,叫做名词化的形容词,常用来:

(1)泛指一类人,表示复数概念,作主语时要求谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有:rich/poor;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人种)等。

The old are taken good care of in our country.

在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。

The white are beautiful.

白种人很漂亮。

(2)指抽象事物,作主语时要求谓语动词用单数形式。

The beautiful never dies.

美是不朽的。

考点二、副词的定义及句法功能

副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句的词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

1.副词在句中的作用。

(1)用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词和全句。

例:It’s very cold in winter here.

这里冬天很冷。

(2)用作表语,置于系动词后。多数与介词同形的副词以及一些表示位置的副词都可以用作表语。

例:I’m afraid I must be off now.

恐怕我现在得走了。

When will they be back?

他们什么时候回来?

(3)用作宾语补足语。

例:I saw you out with your wife last Sunday.

上周日我看见你和你妻子一起出去了。

Please have them in.

请让他们进来。

(4)用作定语,置于所修饰的名词之后。

例:The people there are very friendly.

那儿的人很好。

We hope you will enjoy your stay here.

我们希望你们在这里过的愉快。

2.副词作状语时在句子中的位置。

(1)修饰动词,多置于动词之后,如有宾语,则置于宾语之后。

例:Please read carefully.

请仔细地阅读。

Please read the instructions carefully.

请认真阅读说明。

(2)频率副词often,always, never, seldom等通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、系动词、be动词、助动词之后。

例:Jenny often comes to school early,but her classmate Jim is often late.

詹尼经常很早到校,但是她的同学吉姆经常迟到。

I shall always remember their kindness.

我永远记住他们的善良。

You must never play football in the street.

你绝不可以在街上踢足球。

注意:方式副词well, badly, hard等只能放在句尾。

例:He speaks English well.

他英语讲得很好。

(3)修饰形容词、副词,置于被修饰词之前。

例:The box is too heavy.

这个箱子太重。

Tom owns a very nice house.

汤姆有一座很漂亮的房子。

注意:enough修饰形容词、副词时,要置于被修饰词之后。

例:The boy is old enough to go to school.

这个男孩到了上学的年纪了。

He ran fast enough to catch the train.

他跑的足够快,赶上了火车。

(4)修饰全句,置于句首。

例:Luckily it was not so hot.

幸好天气不是太热。

Maybe they can help us.

或许他们可以帮助我们。

考点三、形容词、副词的比较等级

形容词、副词有三个等级,分别为原级、比较级、最高级。

1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成。

(1

(2

2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法。

(1)原级常用于“as+原级+as”结构,表示一方和另一方程度相同,意思是“……和……一样”。

例:Jenny is nearly as tall as her mother.

詹尼差不多和她妈妈一样高了。

(2)比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构,表示“两者比较,一方超过另一方”。

例:Tom is younger than me.

汤姆比我年轻。

注意:1.在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间相比较。

例:It is better to give than to receive.

给予要比索取好。

2.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

例:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

上海比中国其它城市都大。

3.要注意冠词的使用。形容词后有名词时,前面才有可能有冠词。

例:Which is the larger country,Canada or China?

哪一个国家是更大的,加拿大还是中国?

4.最高级常用于“the+最高级+比较范畴”结构,表示“三者或三者以上(人或事物)比较,其中一方程度最高”。比较范畴可以用“in/of+名词的复数形式或代词的宾格”表示。若“范围”是与主语同范畴的词,用of;若为不同范畴的词,则常用in。

例:This picture is the best in the hall.

这幅画是大厅里最好的。

Jim is the most outgoing of us all.

吉姆是我们大家中最外向的。

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初中-ed , -ing形容词 interest interested (be ~ed in)感兴趣的interesting excite excited (be ~d about)兴奋的exciting amaze amazed (be ~d at) 吃惊的amazing 令人惊异的 annoy annoyed (be ~ed with)烦闷的annoying令人烦闷的的 bore bored (be ~d with)厌烦的,无聊的boring 令人厌烦的 tire tired (be ~d of)疲劳的tiring 累人的 thrill thrilled (be ~ed at)极为激动的thrilling毛骨悚然的,令人兴奋的fascinate fascinated (be ~d by)感到着迷的fascinating relax relaxed (无固定搭配)放松的relaxing worry worried (be ~ ed about)担心的,烦恼的worrying surprise surprised (be ~d at)感到惊讶的surprising terrify terrified (be ~ed at/of/with)恐惧的terrifying frustrate frustrated (be ~d of)失望的frustrating move moved (be ~d by)感动的moving frighten frightened (be ~ed at / of)受惊的frightening confuse confused (be ~ ed about)困惑的confusing 令人困惑的embarrass embarrassed(be ~ed in)尴尬的embarrassing satisfy satisfied (be ~ ed with)感到满意的satisfying encourage encouraged (be ~ed at /by)被鼓励的encouraging

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