11定语从句

第二部分语法篇专题语法导航专题十一定语从句语法精讲基础概述用一个句子作定语，此句子叫作定语从句，定语从句位于被它修饰的名词或代词之后。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分为关系代词who, whom, which, that和关系副词whose, when, where, why. 关系词都充当从句的某个成份，它所替代的相应成分应省去。

在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。

非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。

关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。

非限制性定语从句一般译成单独的一句话。

定语从句的常考考点主要有下面六个：【考点一】关系词的省略whom/which/that作定语从句的宾语时，可以省略。

The person（whom/that）they are looking for is Mr. Wilde.The topic（which/that）you were talking about is related to geography.【考点二】介词提前1. whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词可提到whom/which前，此时whom/which不能省略，也不能用that 替换。

The lady to whom you spoke last Wednesday is Paul’s wife.I have a telescope with which I can observe the stars in space.2. 如果被提前的是一个介词短语，应把整个介词短语提前，不能拆开。

如果被提前的是一个动词短语，介词不能提前。

如：Lei Feng，from whom we have once learned a lot，is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military School （西点军校）of America.关系代词前的介词from，与从句的谓语动词learn构成习惯表达learn from（向……学习）I bought a map according to which we can find the destination.The man they referred to just now is a promising person. =The man whom/that they referred to just now is a promising person.【即学即练】In the office I never r seem to have time until after 5：30 pm ____，many people have gone home.A. whose timeB. thatC. on whichD. by which time【答案】选D。

by which time即by“after 5:30”“到五点三十分以后”。

介词的选择，取决于这个介词与先行词或从句之间的关系。

【考点三】关系副词与关系代词的转换where = in/at + whichThe Bermuda Triangle (which/that) many ships disappeared in is a mysterious place.= The Bermuda Triangle in which /where many ships disappeared is a mysterious place.2. when = in/on/at/during + whichThe time (which/that) the football match begins at is eight o’clock.=The time at which/ when the football match begins is eight o’clock.3. whose = of which/whom + the + 物/人= the + 物/人+ of which/whomof which/whom前还可以加形容词最高级、数词、不定代词等。

1) Tibet, whose scenery is rather unique, is a summer resort. =Tibet, of which the scenery/ the scenery of which is rather unique, is a summer resort.2) The tourists, of whom the eldest is 70 / the eldest of whom is 70, are from Singapore.3) I saw three films this month, two of which were very interesting.4. why = for whichThe reason (which/that) he’s absent from the meeting for is not clear.=The reason for which / why he’s absent from the meeting is not clear.【即学即练】①After living in Paris for 50years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when【答案】选B。

因为表地点的先行词the small town在从句中作状语；当表地点的先行词在从句中作主、宾、表语时，则要用that或which引导定语从句。

②I shall never forget the years ____ I lived in the countryside with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life .A. that; whichB. when; whichC. which; thatD. when; who【答案】选B。

第一个定语从句中谓语动词lived是不及物动词，所以应使用关系副词；第二个定语从句是非限制性定语从句，并且从句中缺少主语，故用which来引导。

【考点四】分裂式定语从句定语从句被一个词、词组或短语等与先行词隔开时，叫分裂式定语从句。

为避免头重脚轻，可把修饰主语的定语从句置于谓语后。

I bought a house with a garden in front, where I can grow flowers.(定语从句被介词短语in front与先行词隔开)3. Do you remember the snowy night ten years ago when I got here?(定语从句被词组ten years ago与先行词隔开)【考点五】非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which（不用that）。

除which外，还可用when，where ，who（m）等关系代、副词引导非限制性定语从句。

Lisa is an amateur actress, who acted an important part in a film.This is a key senior high school, where I spent three years.Finally I decided to stay in Chong Qing, where I finished my college study.2. 有时引导词which可以指前面整个句子的含义。

Lily stayed up late into the night, which made her mother anxious.3. 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略，但引导非限制性定语从句的连词不能省。

He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved as his own mother.4. 置于句首时，非限制性定语从句只能用as引导，而置于句末时as和which都可用。

但是当非限制性定语从句是否定意义时，只能用which引导。

The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. = As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.【即学即练】选择填空①She heard the terrible noise，____ brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that【答案】选B。

which指代前面的先行词noise，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

②Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，____ ，of course ，made the others unhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. What【答案】选B。

which指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句，③____ is known to all，China will be an ____ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time .A. That; advancingB. This; advancedC. As; advancedD. It; advancing【答案】选C。

定语从句在句首时，要用as来引导。

④The weather turned out to be very good，____was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. if【答案】选B。

句中的more than的本意为“超过”，“超过了我的预料”即为“我没有预料到”。

这里不能用as代替which。

【考点六】只能用that的情况1. 先行词是不定代词或被某些词修饰时只能用that，此类词有something, everything, anything, nothing, all, much, any, few, little, every, no等。