自考英语二--语法
全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）
主讲人：胥国红
北京航空航天大学
主要内容
?试卷分析和最新出题思路
?重点语法
?备考要诀及学习方法
最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据
考题满分平均分
?单词拼写10 2.48
?词形填空10 2.17
?汉译英15 5.53
?英译汉15 10.75
?总分50 20.93
最新出题思路
（1）与课文的关系
往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题
近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题
建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。
(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。
文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。
建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。
每道题的考点：
第一题：词汇语法题
主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。近年来词汇题比重增加。
建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例：
1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help
____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ
2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.
[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over Ｂ
3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound
comes.
[A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which Ｂ
第二题：完型填空题
主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。近年来词汇题比例有所增加。
建议：“上看下看，左看右看”，即充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。
历年试题举例：
… Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place. 18 , the other people did not believe him.
17.[A] the other [B] others Ｂ
[C] another [D] each other
18. [A] Then [B] HoweverＢ
[C] Therefore [D] Consequently
第三题：阅读理解题
主要特点：文章体裁多为论述文，偶有记叙文，主要涉及文化、教育、风俗、历史、人物故事、社会问题、科普常识等内容，不涉及太专业的内容。文章平均长度为300-350词/篇，总阅读量为1500-2000词。问题以细节题为主，其次是总结题，偶尔有一两道词汇题和推理题。题目的顺序和文章的顺序大体对应。
第四题：单词拼写题
往年考题：多选用考纲词表中的常用词，包括中学词汇，平均词长为6个字母。
最新特点：最近一次考题中单词拼写几乎全部出自下册课文，以A课文为主, 单词长度显著增加，平均词长为9个字母，有5个单词词长超过10个字母，出现了两个超纲词，无一中学词汇。
最新考题举例
36. accompany (1A) 37. boundary (2A)
38. capture (14A) 39. decline (10A)
40. employee (4A) 41. feasible (8A)
42. heartbreaking (14A) 43. grateful
44. increasingly (6A) 45. junction (15A)
46. loyalty (10A) 47. moderate (8B)
48. overwhelming (10A) 49. nominate (10B)
50. participant (5A) 51. persistently (14A)
52. queue (14A) 53. spontaneous (5A)
54. reinforce (12B) 55. undertake (13A)
第五题：词形填空题
主要考点：谓语动词（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致），非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词），形容词比较级，词性转换。
建议：掌握扎实的语法知识，通过大量做题来消化这些语法知识，力求做到举一反三，触类旁通。
历年试题举例
1. Cancer research ___ (make) all over the world in the past twenty years. (has been
made)
2. The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold. ( more
likely)
3. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer
single to shared rooms. (being)
4. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is ____
(specialize) in its function. (special)
第六题：汉译英
主要考点：全面考察词汇、语法和句型的运用能力，多考虚拟语气、比较级、疑问句、强调句和一些固定表达方式。最新考题中有三道题直接出自下册课文。
阅卷要求：主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或重要用词错误扣1分；非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）每两处扣1分；拼写错误每两处扣1分，本大题总扣分不超过3分。
最新试题举例
68．一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。
选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考查定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。
69．随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。
选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。
70．那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。
根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”
第七题：英译汉
主要特点：综合考查词汇和语法，注意定语从句、状语从句、比较级、倒装句的理解。
阅卷要求：根据总体印象打分，分为15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五个档次。只要译文大体准确通顺即可得分，不要求译得非常漂亮。
结语
知己知彼，百战不殆！
II. 重点语法复习
?动词时态和语态
?非谓语动词
?虚拟语气
?定语从句和名词性从句
1. 动词主要时态和语态表
一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时
主动: do did will do
被动: are done were done will be done
现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时
主动: are doing were doing will be doing
被动: are being done were being done
现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时
主动: have done had done will have done
被动: have been done had been done
现在完成进行时
主动: have been doing
动词主要时态的意义及运用
?
?现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时
英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995
汉语提示语：已经，早已，了
e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.
By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.
?现在完成进行时
从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。
汉语提示语：一直
e.g. The water has been running the whole night.
过去完成时
said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。
e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.
2) hardly…when, no sooner… than
e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.
3) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中
e.g If I had tried harder, I would have won.
I wish I had done better in the exam.
历年考题中的动词时态和语态
1.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years. (has been lived)
2.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there. (had been sent)
3.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. (witnessed)
2. 非谓语动词
动词主要时态和语态一览表
非谓语动词形式意义
现在分词
一般式doing 主动, 正在进行
被动式being done 被动, 正在进行
完成主动式having done 主动, 已经完成
完成被动式having been done 被动, 已经完成
过去分词done 被动, 已经完成
动词不定式
一般式to do 主动,将要进行
被动式to be done 被动, 将要进行
完成主动式to have done 主动, 已经完成
进行主动式to be doing 主动, 正在进行
非谓语动词作状语
?动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语
e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）
He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）
?分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语4）让步状语；5）时间状语
e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间）
Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）
Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）
Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件）
非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构
?Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)
?After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）
?After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）
?With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构）
非谓语动词作定语
?If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)
?Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)
?The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)
?The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)
动名词和动词不定式
?作主语和表语
动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。
e.g Rising early is good for health.
To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.
My biggest wish is to go abroad.
Seeing is believing.
?作宾语
接动名词作宾语的动词：
admit, acknowledge, avoid, deny, consider, enjoy, escape,
excuse, forgive, finish, suggest, mind, include, involve, delay,
put off, postpone, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be
accustomed to, etc.
接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to,
seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin
接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：
?forget, remember, regret
?stop, continue
?need/ want
?allow doing/ allow sb to do
1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?
Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.
2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?
3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.
4)We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.
历年考题中的非谓语动词
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of
no value or importance. (doing)
2.Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about
robotics. (wanting)
3.It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes
___ (control) his direction. (to control)
4.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in
experiments may decrease. (used)
5. A life ___ (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. (lived)
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
(translated)
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually
impossible. (removed)
8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the
morning. (bound)
3. 虚拟语气
第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气
时间从句主句
与现在事实相反did/ were should/could/would + do
与过去事实相反had done should/could/would + have done
与将来事实相反were to do should/could/would + do
should do
第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气
?would rather + 从句
?wish + 从句
?if only + 从句
?as if/ as though + 从句
?It’s time + 从句
第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。
?suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist,
prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；
?suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference
等名词后的同位语从句；
3. important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词
用在it is … that…句型中；
4. lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。
历年考题中的虚拟语气
?If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. (would have been)
?He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy. (had not been)
?It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. (took) ?It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st. (should
finish/ finish)
4. 定语从句和名词性从句
定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句
引导定语从句
1）关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：which, that, who, whom, whose 2）关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how
名词性从句
名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
引导名词性从句：
1）主从连词（不在从句中作任何成分）：that, whether, if
2）连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…
3）连接副词（在从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how
?定语从句和同位语从句的区别
?The story (that) he told me may not be true.
?The story that he has made a fortune may not be true.
2. 什么时候用介词＋which 的形式?
?The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.
?The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.
3. which 和as 引导非限制性定语从句
?He is easy to get angry, which is well known.
?He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows.
历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that Ａ
2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes
to control his direction.
[A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether Ａ
3. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure.
[A] the language [B] the language of whichＢ
[C] all it said [D] which it had said
备考要诀
?重视课文，英语一考上册，英语二以下册A课文为主，但是上册课文的语法和词汇是学习下册的基础。
?吃透重点语法：非谓语动词、动词时态和语态、虚拟语气、比较级、定语从句，等。
?背单词要讲究技巧，以大纲词汇为准，不要孤立地背单词，以词组为主，重视搭配；
?加强阅读，选择难度适当的阅读材料，重在训练阅读技巧，提高速度和效率。
推荐材料：
1)大学英语自学教程》（上下册），高远主编，高教出版社。
2)《大学英语自学教程——自学与自测指导》（上下册），高远主编，北航出版社。
3)自考大纲
4)全国高等自学考试英语（一）和英语（二）模拟试卷与应试指导》高远主编，高等教育出版社。
结束语
Before God we are equally wise—equally foolish. (Albert Einstein)
I.每道题的考点
第一题：词汇和结构
历年试题举例：
1.At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help
____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect 词义辨析
2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.
[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over 搭配
3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes.
[A] in which [B] from which [C] over which [D] with which 定语从句
2.Almost everything a manager does ___ decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.
[A] imposes [B] improvises [C] involves [D] indicates
3.American men don’t cry because it is considered not ___ of men to do so.
[A] characteristic [B] tolerant [C] symbolic [D] independent
4. In every major city there are more ___ apartments than there are homeless people.
[A] blank [B] vacant [C] empty [D] bare
[提示]：搭配主要涉及介词和名词、形容词和介词、动词和名词、形容词和名词等的搭配。因此学习单词时必须掌握其固定的搭配。此外牢记大纲词表后列出的词组也会有很大的帮助。
1. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ___ which matter has fallen and ___ which nothing can escape.
[A] towards…towards [B] into…from
[C] out of…from [D] through…through
2. ___ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.
[A] into [B] at [C] over [D] under
___ to form a new government.
[A] purpose [B] reason [C] view [D] goal
___ to buy a pair of shoes.
[A] shoes store [B] shoe’s store [C] shoe store [D] shoes store
3. Five minutes earlier, ___ we may have caught the gunman.
[A] and [B] but [C] or [D] so
4. ___ I’m supposed to work by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.
[A] If only [B] So long as [C] Even if [D] As far as
5. It was there, the police believe, ___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.
[A] until [B] which [C] that [D] when
6. It is not feasible to wait four days ___ the body is used to the new time zone.
[A] while [B] after [C] until [D] then
7. Robots differ from automatic machines ___ after completion of one task, they can be reprogrammed to do another.
[A] that [B] in which [C] when [D] in that
8. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers ___ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.
[A] that [B] what [C] when [D] who
9. Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to ____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.
[A] make it possible [B] make possible
[C] make possibly [D] make it possibly
10. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man’s bed; he ___ heavily.
[A] must have drunk [B] must drink
[C] should drink [D] had to drink
Key: 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A
第二题：完型填空
[提示]：充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。
历年试题举例：
(1) Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place. 18 , the other people did not believe him.
18.[A] the other [B] others [C] another [D] each other
18. [A] Then [B] However [C] Therefore [D] Consequently Key: 17. B 18. B
(2) Planning is important in almost anything you do. No matter what you are doing, taking the time to plan 11 can help you reach your goal. The purpose of insurance is 12 you plan for unexpected, costly emergencies (紧急需要). 13 the most important kind of insurance is medical insurance.
11. [A] away [B] on [C] ahead [D] out
12. [A] helped [B] to help [C] kept [D] to keep
13. [A] Probably [B] Unfortunately [C] Conversely [D] Subsequently Key: 11. C 12. B 13. A
(3) Food in the United States is 13 , cheap, and available twenty-four hours a day, and many people not only overeat, but eat a lot of high-fat, high-calories foods that 14 weight gain. 15 , there are some people who eat anything they want and never gain weight, and studies show that obese people do not eat an excessive amount of calories. In fact, they often eat 16 than non-obese people do.
13. [A] many [B] much [C] plentiful [D] resourceful
14. [A] contribute to [B] devote to [C] subject to [D] distribute to
15. [A] But [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Therefore
16. [A] fewer [B] more [C] less [D] better
Key: 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C
第三题：阅读理解（略）
第四题：单词拼写
［提示］：最新试题出题思路有明显变化，因此以下册课文词表为复习重点，兼顾大纲此表中的中学词汇和上册词汇。
最新试题举例
36. accompany (1A) 37. boundary (2A)
38. capture (14A) 39. decline (10A)
40. employee (4A) 41. feasible (8A)
42. heartbreaking (14A) 43. grateful
44. increasingly (6A) 45. junction (15A)
46. loyalty (10A) 47. moderate (8B)
48. overwhelming (10A) 49. nominate (10B)
50. participant (5A) 51. persistently (14A)
52. queue (14A) 53. spontaneous (5A)
54. reinforce (12B) 55. undertake (13A)
往年试题举例
36. strike (上册) 37. program(上册)
38. civil (4A) 39. quality(上册)
40. expose (6A) 41. overcome (8A)
42. vote (10A) 43. responsible(上册)
44. content (15A) 45. interview (1B)
46. failure(上册) 47. economy(上册)
48. logical(上册) 49. undergo (11A)
50. nervous(上册) 51. abandon(上册)
52. remain（中学）53. promote (8A)
54. detail (12A) 55. hobby(上册)
第五题：词形填空题
[提示]：此部分主要包括谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词比较级和词性变化四部分。谓语动词和非谓语动词详见重点语法，因此此处主要涉及形容词比较级和词性变化。
历年试题举例
形容词比较级和最高级
1.The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold.
2. The ___ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.
3.We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the ____ (old) its population is likely to be.
4.As Jane was the ____ (old), she looked after the other children in the family.
Key: 1. more likely 2. farther 3. older 4. oldest
词性转化
1. T hese electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is ____ (specialize) in its function.
2.The continuing professional education of ____ (high) educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work.
3.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a ____ (trick) situation.
4.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere ____ (appreciate) of your help.
Key: 1. special 2. highly 3. tricky 4. appreciation
第六题：汉译英
[提示]：此部分主要涉及虚拟语气、强调句、倒装句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、形式主语等语法现象和一些固定表达式。
最新试题举例
68．一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。
A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.
选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考查定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。
69．随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。
As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments will greatly decrease.
选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。
70．那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。
The biologist is convinced/ believes that some animal species are faced with the danger of extinction.
根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”
历年试题举例
1．直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。
2. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。
3. 这些问题没有迅速解决是汤姆的过错。
4. 他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。
5.无论他怎么说，我也不相信他。
Key:
1. Not until recently did I realize that language and culture are closely related to each other. (倒装句)
2. We hurried to the school lest it should rain. （lest后接动词原形的虚拟语气）
3. It’s Tom’s fault that these questions are not solved rapidly. （形式主语）
4. The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not. （whether 引导宾语从句）
5. Whatever he says, I won’t believe him. （让步状语从句）
第七题：英译汉（略）
II. 重点语法复习
历年考题中的动词时态和语态
1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.
2.In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.
3.Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in
need is a friend indeed.
4.___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
5.In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest
level recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.
6.Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___
(make) us tolerate crime more than we should.
7.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.
8.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.
9.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation
into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.
10.All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his
cheerful face.
历年考题中的非谓语动词
1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of
no value or importance.
2.Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about
robotics.
3.It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes
___ (control) his direction.
4.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in
experiments may decrease.
5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer
single to shared rooms.
6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.
7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually
impossible.
8.Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the
morning.
9.I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.
10.Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.
Key:
1. doing 动名词做enjoy的宾语
2. wanting 现在分词作定语
3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语
4. used 过去分词作定语
5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中
6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语
7. removed 过去分词作宾补
8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中
9. feel couldn’t help but 后接动词原形
10. revolving 现在分词作定语
历年考题中的虚拟语气
1.If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you
more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.
3.It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.
4.It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.
5.They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every adult person. I would rather
he ____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.
9.Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.
[A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must
10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
[A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get Key:
1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句
2.had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句
3. took It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式
4.should finish/finish It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式
5.be given demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式
6.should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而
实际上没有。
7.bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。
8.had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。
9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。
10.A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从by now可以看出），所
以变为过去完成时。
历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句
1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.
[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that
2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.
[A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether
3.On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.
[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] in that
4. It is not yet known ____ computers w ill one day have vision as good as human vision.
[A] whether [B] if [C] that [D] how
5. Such attitudes amount to a belief ___ leisure can and should be put to good use.
[A] which [B] if [C] whether [D] that
6.The reason for making a decision is ___ a problem exists, goals are wrong, or
something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.
[A] why [B] because [C] where [D] that
7. ___ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.
[A] What [B] Whether [C] That [D] Which
8. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure.
[A] the language [B] the language of which
[C] all it said [D] which it had said
9. Often music was played out of doors, ___ nature provided the environment.
[A] which [B] that [C] in which [D] where
10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, ____, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.
[A] where [B] which [C] as [D] that
Key:
1. A that 引导宾语从句
2. A that 引导同位语从句
3. C that 引导同位语从句
4. A it为形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句
5. D that 引导同位语从句
6. D that 引导表语从句
7. A what 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中做主语
8. B the language of which引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语
9. D where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语
10.A where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
【全国自考历年真题10套】00831英语语法2014年4月至2019年4月试题
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You're fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
00795自考综合英语二语法知识点
系动词 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。 1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。 E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible. E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation. 注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。 Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词 E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句 E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句 E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句 E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me. E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference. 用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调
05年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校
2005年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank. 1. The task force is supposed_____. A. to be getting reinforced B. that to be getting reinforced C. to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced 2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____. A. having been identified B. to be identified C. identified D. being identified 3._____, I would call him in advance. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 4. The company encourages _____ uniforms. A. to wear B. wears C. wearing D. have worn 5. What is _____ story you have ever heard? A. funnier B. a funniest C. the funnier D. the funniest 6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer. A. according as B. according to C. if D. whether 7. The Tower of London, _____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction. A. which B. there C. where D. from it 8. Pride and prejudice _____ never failed to characterize the aristocracy. A. had B. has C. have D. are 9. Not only the players and the coach but also the referee _____ responsible for the defeat. A. were B. was C. is D. are 10. How often _____ your car _____? I think it ought _____ twice a week at least. A. is … washed, to be washed B. is … washed, to wash C. is … washed, to have washed D. has … been washed, to be washed 11. The noise of the desks _____ could be heard out in the street. A. having been opened and closed B. opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to be opened and closed 12. I had hoped that Jennifer _____ a doctor, but she was not good at medicine. A. will become B. become C. would become D. becomes 13. Most people enjoy _____. A. to flatter B. to be flattered C. flattering D. being flattered 14. Congratulations on _____ to the university. A. having admitted B. being admitted C. admitting D. have admitted 15. As we went _____ in our investigation of the case, we had more evidence of a political conspiracy. A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest 16. _____ his immense fortune, he died a most unhappy man. A. Although B. With all C. With D. Because of 17. He takes no interest in studies; _____, he plays tennis all day. A. in short B. instead C. anyhow D. still 18. The factory was burned down last night; _____ many workmen were thrown out of employment. A. for this sake B. on that account C. in that case D. unfortunately 19. The old _____ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell. A. is B. will be C. are to be D. are 20. There _____ a tall building, several tennis courts and lots of non-deciduous trees on the center of the area. A. is B. are C. stand D. appears 二、选择填空题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)
自考英语语法
本次语法串讲分三个部分，第一，方法篇；第二，命题特点分析；第三，重点章节复习。 第一、方法篇 自学考试英语专业《英语语法》科目是一门理论性和实践性都非常强的课程，旨在考核考生能否熟练掌握现代英语语法的基本理论和概念，掌握词的形态变化和用词造句的规则，以及组句成篇的一般形式和规律。 由于存在着英汉语言体系上的差异、教材的全英版和术语的生僻、语法本身乏味枯燥等外部因素，以及考生英语基础知识薄弱、精读和泛读的阅读数量尚未达到一定量因此不能将一些语法规则变成感性认识加以推演和归纳、甚至还有同学有畏难情绪，一旦跟不上就放弃，或者偷懒，不愿多做一些练习和多记一些概念解释，结果仅以一、二分之差没有及格，令人扼腕。 但是有志者事竟成，这句名言还没有过时。我们举几个成功的例子吧。 我教过的学生中有人刻意让自己爱上语法，首先，她克服困难，把全书通读一遍，可是有那么多不懂的单词和术语怎么办？她问我。我说，把它们暂时放在一边，然后通过例句猜测该词的含义，结果既记住了概念又结合了例句，相辅相成，直到掌握。 比如：什么是extraposition？这个词是由extra－（在……之外，额外）加position（位置），联想到appositive phrase（同位短语），appositive clause （同位语分句）等，那么从该词的外形上可以判定extraposition是“位置放在外围”。 它出现在我们教材中的《信息结构和强调》一章中，我们知道，突出强调信息的几种主要方法（postponement, fronting，inversion， cleaving，existential sentence）之一的后移又有三种后移的方法：passive voice, extraposition and discontinuity。从课本上我们看到这样的例句：To make fun of a disabled man is not funny at all. It is not funny at all to make fun of a disabled man. He found it annoying that his neighbor kept calling him by the wrong name. 你注意到这里有it出现在句中做形式主语和形式宾语，真正的主语和宾语在句末，然后，结合解释“When we re move a clausal subject or object to the final focal position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot. Grammatically speaking, it is the formal subject or object while the extraposed clause is the real or notional subject or object. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form it can be finite or non-finite. 后移的结果就是满足了末尾重心（end-weight）的原则，达到强调的效果。
自考英语(二)考试大纲
2014年自考英语（二）考试大纲 一、课程的性质和设置目的 高等教育自学考试是一种个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的高等教育形式。为适应新形势，提高自学效率、助学质量和考试效能，满足国家和社会对人才培养的需要，特制定本 课程考试大纲。 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。它不仅是英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等国的通用语言，也是许多非英语国家科学技术、外交、贸易、管理和文化等方面对外交流的通用语言。英语已成为名副其实的国际通用语言，它是我国实行对外开放，开展国际交流的重要工 具之一。 本课程名称为“英语（二）”，是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）。本科阶段的 公共基础课。 本课程既是一门语言实践课程，也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的重要素质课程，它以培养学习者的综合语言应用能力为目标，使他们在学习、工作和社会交往中能够使用英语进行有效的交流，并能学习和借鉴外国先进科学技术、经营方式、管理方法和优秀文化成果，同时向世 界展示我国建设和发展的成就。 本课程共14学分。 二、课程的基本内容 本课程以先进的外语教学理论为指导，建立适应时代要求的科学的课程体系。课程体系包括适合个人自学和社会助学的教材，并利用现代信息技术等手段搭建先进的教学平台，形成有 自考特色的公共英语教学体系。 本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4，500），并熟悉英语语言的表达 方式。 本课程强调在系统掌握英语语言知识的基础上开展大量综合语言实践活动，培养学习者掌握正确的学习策略，使其能理解多种场合、多种领域的普通语言材料，能够把握重点，进行概括和分析；能使用多种交际策略参与多种一般性话题的交流和讨论，表明自己的观点和态度，表达连贯，基本得体，为以后更高阶段的英语课程学习及在工作中使用英语奠定扎实的基础。
自考英语二复习资料
? UNIT 1 ? 重点单词和短语 ? objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue define ? interview prospect ? course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) ? seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to … ? apply for (to) ? have no idea bring about take the trouble to do ? put oneself in one’s place ? to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off, out, over, back) ? 重点、难点句子详解 ? 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. ? 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去 分词；from among 为二重介词 ? 例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____. (06-4) ? A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available (D) ? 2. … some suggest that the management process is decision making. ? 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表
自考 英语语法复习题
自学考试 英语语法复习题 单项选择题 Choose the best answer from the choices given. 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _______ when he _____ at the party. A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison_____ to make a living by himself. A. wouldn?t begin B. has begun C. had begun D. was begun 3. He ____ his leg when he ______ in a football match against another school. A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playing C. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played 4. The students ____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left 5. Hello, I ____ you ____ in London. How long have you been here? A. don?t know; were B. hadn?t known; are C. haven?t known; were D. didn?t know; are 6. She can?t help ___ of her son. A. thinking B. to think C. to be thought D. have thought 7. The room was empty ___ a few chairs. A. except B. except for C. besides D. besides for 8. Four plus three ___ seven. A. equals B. equaled C. equaling D. equal 9. I?d rather that he ___ it blue. A. painted B. paint C. paints D. painting 10. The Browns ___ moving away on Saturday. A. is B. are C. will be D. has been 11. She said that it ___ snow. A. may B. can C. should D. might 12. Amy and her cousin just bought two new ___ coats. A. winters B. winter?s C. winters? D. winter 13. Today was ___ beautiful day that I couldn?t just keep myself indoors. A. a such B. such a C. a so D. so a 14. There is no decision ___ on your application. A. still B. so far C. yet D. thus far 15. I would appreciate ___ it a secret. A. that you keep B. you to keep C. your keeping D. that you will keep 16. Invite them only on those occasions ____ their late arrival will not cause you inconvenience. A. when B. that C. where D. which
2014年全国自考英语语法试题
全国2014年4月自学考试英语语法试题 课程代码：00831 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”? A. o B. oes C. o’s D. os 2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and sti ll having the time to play ______ basketball together? A./; / B. a; the C. the; / D./; the 3. Today, Mary learned in ______ school how to behave well at ______ table. A. the; / B./; / C. the; the D./; the 4. Listen, Diana. I don’t care if you ______ the bus this morning. But you ______ late for too many times. You’re fired. A. have missed; came B. would miss; have come C. missed; have come D. are missing; came 5. It so happened that Mary’s car ______when Jack went to borrow it. A. repaired B. was being repaired C. was repaired D. had repaired 6. The president thought it essential that the university ______ general education as a foundation for students’ future development. A. stresses B. stress C. stressed D. would stress 7. ______ it not for water, this world would be a lifeless place. A. Were B. If C. Was D. Had 8. You ______ driven 70 miles an hour. Now tell me what we shall do with this speeding ticket? A. needn’t have B. couldn’t have C. mustn’t have D. shouldn’t have 9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her. A. to fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen 10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now? A. crossed B. cross C. crossing D. has crossed
自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
自考现代英语语法考前必看资料 第一部分：引言 《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。 关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。 英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。 在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。 其实，两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。 所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。 现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。 我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。 先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题)
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
自考英语(一)英语语法基础材料： 考英语语法基础材料关于句法等相关知识 作者：林海时间：2011-10-18 15:08:26 来源：河北教育网浏览次数：16 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today.
自考英语二怎么学习
自考英语二怎么学习 自考英语二怎么学习1 词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 自考英语二怎么学习2 学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。 自考英语二怎么学习3
考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 自考英语二怎么学习4 考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
自考英语英语语法基础材料句法
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用) 爬山是一项好运动。 Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用) 你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗? He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用) 他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语) Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语) 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Larke likes the pop music. 拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式) Larke has nothing to do today. 拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形) 非谓语动词的特征： 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. 学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语) To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语) 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible.