高中英语语法讲解与练习之主谓一致

高中英语语法之主谓一致

概述：1) 语法形式上要一致,即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致　

2) 意义上要一致,即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义.

1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数

注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词.

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

The singer and dancer ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The singer and dancer 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, dancer 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职或多重身份时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务或身份用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.

2就近原则

当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…，Not …….but……, not only...but also...连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：

Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　

Either you or she is to go.

试区别：Nobody but Tom and Jack ( be ) going to Shanghai tomorrow.

此句中的but 为介词，故but Tom and Jack 为介词短语作Nobody的修饰语，主语为Nobody，横线上填is.

3 就前原则

当主语后面跟有with = together with = along with = as well as, except = but( 除了……), like(像…….),beside等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致.

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.

4 谓语需用单数

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.

Each of us has a tape-recorder.

There is something wrong with my watch.

Every boy and every girl is having a nice speech.

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.

2) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

代词作主语时看所指代的内容（代词、分数、百分数、half、most、some、all、such、the following以及主语从句作代词意义）

All is right. (一切顺利.)　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)

Such is Chairman Xi. Such are his works（著作）.

What I need is a cup of tea. What I need are the two books.

6 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定, 如family, audience, police, cattle, crowd, class, nation, the whole city等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.

His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.

His family are having supper. 他们一家人正在吃饭.

7动词不定式或动名词V-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数.例如:

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.

When and where to go hasn’t been decided yet. 何时走、去哪里还没被决定。

8 "one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;

"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.

例如: He is one of the top students who have worked out the problem.

He is the only one of the top students who has worked out the problem.

9 A number of cnpl. are ……（许多…….）

The number of cnpl. is …… （…… 的数量）

Many a student is ……=Many students are …… = A great many students are……

Most students are…..=The majority of students are…..=Most of the students are …..

More than one student is……

One or two students are ……

One and a half cakes is ……