华盛顿欧文英文介绍
英美文学-欧文Washington Irving
Unit 1 Washington Irving作家介绍：华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving，1783 年4 月3 日–1859年11月28日)，出生于纽约一个富商家庭。
幼年体弱多病，16岁辍学，先后在几个律师事务所学法律，但对法律并没有兴趣，喜爱文学、旅游。
1806年在弗吉尼亚州任律师，并与律师霍夫曼的女儿玛蒂尔达订婚。
妻子早逝于1809年，后来虽有过几次恋爱，却一直过着独身生活。
欧文的第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。
1820年，他的《见闻札记》出版，引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视，也奠定了他在美国文学史上的地位。
该作品包含了他最为脍炙人口的名篇《瑞普·凡·温克尔》和《睡谷的传说》。
晚年他在曾描写过的睡谷附近度过。
因其对美国文学的巨大贡献，欧文被尊称为“美国文学之父”。
内容摘要：瑞普·凡·温克尔是一个心底善良、和蔼可亲的人。
他乐于帮助别人，但在自己家里却十分懒惰。
有一天，为了躲避唠叨凶悍的妻子，他独自到附近的赫德森河畔兹吉尔山上去打猎。
途中，他巧遇了当年发现这条河的赫德森船长及其伙伴，在喝了他们的仙酒后，睡了一觉。
醒后下山回家，才发现时间已过了整整二十年，人世沧桑，一切都十分陌生。
原本闭塞的山村现在一片沸腾，到处是演说、传单、竞选。
恍惚中，瑞普发现酒店招牌上英王乔治的画像变了。
红色的上衣变成了蓝黄色，手中的王笏变成宝剑，头冠三角帽，下面是”华盛顿将军”的字眼。
经过一番曲折后，瑞普终于知道，他现在已由英王的臣民变成”合众国的一个自由的公民”。
但对所有这些变化，瑞普无动于衷，因为他最担心的是家“女人的专政”。
作品导读：《瑞普·凡·温克尔》出自欧文的《见闻札记》。
该作品是作家最知名的代表作，包括小说、散文、杂感等32篇，以幽默风趣的笔调和富于幻想的浪漫色彩，描写了英国和美国古老的风俗习惯以及善良淳朴的旧式人物。
作家喜欢田园生活和古代遗风，爱写随笔和短篇小说，尤为关注奇闻轶事和穷乡僻壤的风俗习惯。
欧文生平 英文
1.Early years’ experience and accumulation1、儿时Washington Irving was born in Manhattan, New York City, in 1783. His family was part of the city's small, vibrant merchant class. At the same week, The United States defeated the British achieved the victory of the revolution of independence. So his family named him after the hero of revolution, George Washington.Ivring was invalid when he was young and finally leave school when he was 16. After that he worked as a student in several law firms, but he has no interest in law. On the contrary, he was fond of literature ever since he was a child. He like to read adventure stories, such as Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. And he had often sneaking into theatres to watch dramas. His brothers often encourage him to pursued his literary aspirations with financially support.In 1798, Manhattan outbreaks of yellow fever. Considered for Ivring’s safty, his family send him to Tarrytown. “Sleepy Hollow” is located a short distance away from Tarrytown. In there, Ivring became familiar with its quaint Dutch customs and local ghost stories. Ivring also made several other trips along the Hudson river. During these trips, he passed through the Gatskill mountain region, it’s the setting for “Rip Van Winkle”. These experiences have a powerful witching effect on Ivring’s boyish imagination, as himself said.2、少年时期At the age of 19, Irving began writing letters to the New York Morning Chronicle. These letters were comments on the city's news or theater scene. These letters bring Ivring both fame and infamy.Concerned for his health, Irving's brothers financed him to travel around Europe from 1804 to 1806. Irving bypassed many sites and locations which is be nefit for a of a young man’s development, including France, Italy and England. He had took a large number of travel notes during this experience, which accumulated meaningful materials for his later creation. While visiting Rome in 1805, he once want be a painter.二、成就After returned from Europe, he had been worked as a layer in Virginia, after that he helped his two brothers with their import business. But he’s not good at law, nor good at business. At the same time, Irving began actively socializing with a group of literate young men. And in 1807, Collaborating with his brother William and those young men, Irving created the literary magazine Salmagundi . In Salmagundi, Ivring comment New York culture and politics in a manner of lampoon. Ivring r evealed his talent of humor, witty and satire. It spreading Ivring’s fame beyond New York City.The first important work of Ivirng is A History of New-York under the pseudonymof Diedrich Knickerbocker. This work was making a great hit with the reading public.Before this, although America has been independence more than thirty years, but in literature, it has failed to get rid of the shackles of Britain all the time. Ivring use American’s local subject matters to write A History of New-York have important significance to promote American’s National literature.美国作为一个新生的独立国家，各方面百业待兴。
华盛顿·欧文
Plot Summary
• Set in the years before and after the Revolution war, the story “Rip Van Wrinkle” relates the titular protagonist’s supernatural sleep of 20 years and his puzzlement over the changes effected by the establishment of US as a new nation. Rip Van Wrinkle, a hen-packed, goodnatured, good-for-nothing man, lives a peaceful life in the Pre-independent America. In an escape from his shrew wife, he meets some ghosts in the mountains, drinks their alcohol, and falls into a sleep that lasts 20 years.
华盛顿欧文
The 1798 outbreak of yellow fever in Manhattan prompted his family to send him to healthier climes upriver, and Irving was dispatched to stay with his friend James Kirke Paulding in Tarrytown, New York. It was in Tarrytown that Irving became familiar with the nearby town of Sleepy Hollow, with its quaint Dutch customs and local ghost stories.
引用了英国诗人詹姆斯.汤姆逊( James Thomson, ) 的著名寓言体长诗《逍遥官》 ( Castle of Indoence) 中的两句。
In the third paragraph: The whole neighborhood abounds with local tales, haunted spots, and twilight superstitious, stars shoot and meteors glare oftener across the valley than in any other part of the country ...,seems to make it the favourite scene of her gambols, and the nightmare, with her whole nine fold, 引用了莎士比亚《李尔王》中的一句 and the nightmare, with her whole nine fold ( 梦魇和她的九个小鬼).
华盛顿欧文英文介绍(课堂PPT)
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Romanticism
• A. a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries;
• 6. American Romanticism is, in a certain way, domanticism
• A. Romanticism celebrates the triumph of feeling and intuition over reason. It is suspicious of the rationalist explanations of the universe and human nature by the enlightenment writers.
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American Romanticism
• C. Romanticism looked back to the Middle Ages with a nostalgic fascination. Gothic styles, “oriental” styles and other exotic styles were favored by romanticists.
Washington Irving
The Sketch Book
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American Romanticism
华盛顿·欧文
II. Literary Achievements
• 1809: A History of New York《纽约外史》 • 1820: The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,
Gent. 《见闻札记》in which two folktales: “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”(《睡谷传奇》) stand out as world classics. • 1822: Bracebridge Hall《布雷斯勃列奇庄园》 • 1824: Tales of a Traveller 《游客谈》 • 1835: A Tour of the Prairies《大草原游记》
• The first prose stylist of American romanticism. His writing marked the beginning of American romanticism.
• He not only provided a young nation with humorous, fictional accounts of the colonial past but also helped create an American mythology which is made up of stories about the American past so widely read as to be familiar to nearly every American.
• Now he’s chiefly remembered as the author of “Rip Van Wrinkle” and “The legend of Sleepy Hollow”.
华盛顿欧文英文简介 ppt课件
• The Romantic Period covers the first half of t
he 19th century. A rising America with its i
deals of democracy and equality, its industriali
zation, its western expansion, and a variety of
• The Sketch Book is the first short story in American literature
华盛顿欧文英文简介
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The Sketch Book
Rip Van Winkle
《瑞普·凡·温克尔》
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷的传说》
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目录
Introduction of American Romanticism Introduction of W.Irving Appreciation of his works Irving’s contribution to American Literature
华盛顿欧文英文简介
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American Romanticism(1810s-1860s)
华盛顿欧文英文简介positioninamericanliterature?hewasthefirstamericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame?hewasthefatherofamericanliteratureforhisfirstbookthehistoryofnewyorkacclaimingthebeginofamericanromanticism?thesketchbookisthefirstshortstoryinamericanliterature华盛顿欧文英文简介thesketchbookthelegendofsleepyhollow睡谷的传说ripvanwinkle瑞普凡温克尔华盛顿欧文英文简介ripvanwinkle?thestoryissetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheamericanrevolutionarywar华盛顿欧文英文简介theplot?avillagerofdutchdescentescapeshisnaggingwifebywanderingupmountains
华盛顿英文简介[5篇]
![华盛顿英文简介[5篇]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2bb3e952f4335a8102d276a20029bd64783e6280.png)
华盛顿英文简介[5篇]第一篇：华盛顿英文简介华盛顿英文简介George Washington(February 22, 1732 [O.S.February 11, 1731][1][2][3]–December 14, 1799)was the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War(1775–1783)and served as the first President of the United States of America(1789–1797).[4] For his central role in the formation of the United States, he is often referred to as the father of his country.[5][6]The Continental Congress appointed Washington commander-in-chief of the American revolutionary forces in 1775.The following year, he forced the British out of Boston, lost New York City, and crossed the Delaware River in New Jersey, defeating the surprised enemy units later that year.As a result of his strategy, Revolutionary forces captured the two main British combat armies at Saratoga and Yorktown.Negotiating with Congress, the colonial states, and French allies, he held together a tenuous army and a fragile nation amid the threats of disintegration and failure.Following the end of the war in 1783, King George III asked what Washington would do next and was told of rumors that he'd return to his farm;this prompted the king to state, “If he does that, he will be the greatest man in the world.” Washington did return to private life and retired to his plantation at Mount Vernon.[7] He presided over the Philadelphia Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787 because of general dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation.Washington became President of the United States in 1789 and established many of the customs and usagesof the new government's executive department.He sought to create a nation capable of surviving in a world torn asunder by war between Britain and France.His unilateral Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793 provided a basis for avoiding any involvement in foreign conflicts.He supported plans to build a strong central government by funding the national debt, implementing an effective tax system, and creating a national bank.Washington avoided the temptation of war and a decade of peace with Britain began with the Jay Treaty in 1795;he used his prestige to get it ratified over intense opposition from the Jeffersonians.Although never officially joining the Federalist Party, he supported its programs and was its inspirational leader.Washington's farewell address was a primer on republican virtue and a stern warning against partisanship, sectionalism, and involvement in foreign wars.Washington was awarded the very first Congressional Gold Medal with the Thanks of Congress.[8] Washington died in 1799, and the funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee stated that of all Americans, he was “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen”.[9] Washington has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S.Presidents.第二篇：华盛顿人物简介人物简介乔治·华盛顿（George Washington1732年 2月22日－1799年12月14日）,美国第一任总统，在美国独立战争中率领大陆军团赢得美国独立，在两届任期结束后，自愿地放弃权力不再续任，隐退在弗农山庄园。
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American Romanticism
• 4. the writers stressed the element of “Amerianness” in their works; • 5. Being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called the American Renaissance; • 6. American Romanticism is, in a certain way, derivative.
Romanticism
• A. a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries; • B. It emphasized individual values and aspirations above those of society as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution; • C. It looked to the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature for inspiration; • D. It gave impetus to the national liberation movement in 19th-century Europe.
American Renaissance
• also called New England Renaissance. • a period of the great flowering of American literature, from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. • It came of age as an expression of a national spirit —— nationalism. • One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalism, mainly from Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.
American Romanticism
• A. Romanticism celebrates the triumph of feeling and intuition over reason. It is suspicious of the rationalist explanations of the universe and human nature by the enlightenment writers. • B.Since they placed a higher value on the free expression of emotion and on the power of imagination, they showed greater interests in the psychic states.
Washington Irving’s Life
• Irving’s birthplace: New York City • Family background: a rather wealthy merchant family. • Education: a desultory student; reading widely in English literature at home; studying law but showing more interest in literature •
American Romanticism
• C. Romanticism looked back to the Middle Ages with a nostalgic fascination. Gothic styles, “oriental” styles and other exotic styles were favored by romanticists. • D. Romanticism exalted the individual over society, thus showing a strong disliking for the bondage of convention and customs.
Washington Irving’s Life
• In 1815, he went to England to take care of his family business there, and when it failed, had to write to support himself. • In 1826, as an American diplomatic attaché, he was sent to Spain, where he gathered material for his writing. • From 1829 to 1832, he was secretary of the U.S Legation in London. • Then when he was fifty, he returned to America and bought “Sunnyside”, his famous home. • There he spent the rest of his life, living a life of leisure and comfort. • He died in 1859. He was not married.
American Romanticism
• E. Nature is believed to be the source of goodness and antithesis of society as society tends to be corrupt. • F. Cultural nationalism-or the proud belief on one’s own cultural genius and heritageis also a striking characteristic of romanticism.
1).Walter Scott: Waverly novels, The Lady of the Lake 2).Byron: Oriental romances 3).Gothic tradition, the cult of solitude and of gloom
Romanticism
• associated with imagination and boundlessness, as contrasted with classicism, which is commonly associated with reason and restriction. • The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual.
Washington Irving’s Life
• In 1783, Irving was born into a wealthy New York merchant family. • From a very early age, he began to read widely and write juvenile poems, essays and plays. • Later(1806), he studied law and led for a time the leisurely life of a gentleman lawyer. • In 1809,his first book A History of New York, written under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker, was a great success and won him wide popularity.
Washington Irving(1783-1859)
• an American author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th century. • He is best known for his short stories "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle", both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.
• ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.
Backgrounds of American Romanticism
• A. Romantic Movement in England and Europe proved to be a decisive influence; • B. Many English and European masters of poetry and prose made stimulating impact on American Romanticism.
Washington Irving(1783-1859)
• the first American writers to earn an international reputation • Father of the American literature • His The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American romanticism