读后续写和概要写作讲义 概要写作专练
浙江英语新题型读后续写与概要写作练习及答案
写作是四项语文技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。
该部分要求考生考生根据题示进行书面表达。
考生应能：(1)准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。
应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。
(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题,作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。
浙江卷写作第二节，读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。
读后续写。
提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：1.与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；2.内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；3.应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；：4.上下文的连贯性。
概要写作。
提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3.上下文的连贯性；4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。
样题第二节:读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
、A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked,“It looks likeyou’ve got a problem,”Arthur said.“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”“Is there something I can do to help”Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said，”Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble，you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just asArthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the loug noise of an alarm.It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened”But everyone had a different answer.Arthur，still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that”He thought.“The suitcase！She thinks I’m the bank thief!”,Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
读后续写练习写作讲义 高三英语一轮复习写作专项
读后续写试题呈现：阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy - his name was Bernard - had interested her very much.“ I wish you could see him,”she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don’t see what he can do.”After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family’s suffering so much.”“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).”The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. I’ll tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of com Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
读后续写练习写作讲评讲义--2024届高三英语一轮复习
读后续写练习写作讲评-陷入蛛网的蜂鸟续写题目。
enjoy your read!阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up.With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty?As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away.Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight.During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.”Para 1: A few weeks later, I went to the farm again.Para 2: I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared.这篇续写聚焦人与自然的主题，讲述一只小小蜂鸟被困蛛网，被主角发现后，衍生出来的一段有灵生物之间灵性互通的故事。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 读后续写深度解读：真题剖析+模拟训练
读后续写深度解读：真题剖析+模拟训练1. 评分标准阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；（4）上下文的连贯性。
2. 续写步骤（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，比如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜”。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。
一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生能做到“心中有数”。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。
这一点可以帮助考生检查关键词语的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。
最后在誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。
3.真题解读(2018年6月浙江高考真题)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,”Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK!” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
2019浙江新题型 读后续写+概要写作 含答案
第二讲读后续写【技法指导】题型特点读后续写的阅读材料一般是词数大约为350词以内的记叙文。
考生要在此文的后面接着续约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。
一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。
阅读材料虽然是一篇不完整的文章，但是它有趣，内容能延伸。
要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。
写作要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，在规定时间内展开合理的想象，并运用所学的英语知识完成一篇约150词左右的续写。
考生所续写的部分要有创新性和想象力，不是原文的抄写或胡编乱造，同时，还要带有原文色彩(必须使用原文5处以上的关键词语)。
续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。
半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理续写。
完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。
续写时要尽可能与原材料的中心思想和语言风格上保持一致。
写作步骤①审题：速读阅读材料和写作要求，明确写作任务。
②读文：细读阅读材料，确定文章体裁和题材(话题)。
注意文中的关键词，也就是故事中的时间、地点、人物和事件，特别要标记能描述事件发展过程的词和短语。
③谋段：先仔细阅读续写部分所给出的两段段首文字，再构思这两段要写的段落大意。
根据确定好的段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词。
结合这些关键词，确定每一段的写作要点。
这两段加起来要能写出10到15个句子，以满足续写词数要求。
④初写：按照第三步谋段时确定好的写作要点进行初写。
写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。
如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。
⑤定稿：写好初稿后，考生要结合原材料中故事线索读一读自己续写的内容。
既要确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方，又要做到内容上前后连贯，语句通顺。
最后规范誊写并标出使用过的原材料中下划线的关键词语。
【典例示法】阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
读后续写和概要写作讲义 续写加概要精品练习
Lesson 1 The unexpected guest on the mountainTarget vocabulary 目标词汇cougar large American feline resembling a liongrasp hold firmlyfist the hand with the fingers closed in tightlyhowl cry loudly, as of animalsclaw sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptilesswing move repeatedly backward and forward or from side to side from a fixed pointstab push a knife or sharp object into one’s bodyReading passage 阅读文章Question: Why did Jeb decide to interact with the cougar?Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no” shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, and stabbed the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.Reading comprehension 阅读理解1. Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight.B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy.D. To cool down.2. What do we know about cougars?A. They are afraid of noises.B. They hesitate before they hit.C. They are bigger than we think.D. They like to attack running people.3. How did Jeb try to hold the cougar’s attention?A. By keeping shouting and hitting.B. By making a wall out of his arms.C. By throwing himself on the cougar.D. By swinging his fists at the cougar’s eyes.4. Which of the following happened first?A. The cougar jumped from the rock.B. Tom struggled free of his father.C. Jeb asked Tom to get the knife.D. Jeb held Tom across his body.Summary writing 摘要写作1. What’s the relationship between Jeb and Tom?2. What did Jeb and Tom see lying on a rock as they were walking through the mountains?3. Why did Jeb pull his jacket open?4. Did Jeb hold Tom across his body in the shape of a cross or not?5. Why did Tom start running?6. Why did the cougar forget about Tom?7. What were Jeb and the cougar doing on the ground?8. Did Tom come back to help his father or not?9. What did Tom get out of the bag?10. Did Tom stab the cougar in the back or not?11. Where did the cougar run?_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Occasion describing 场景描写Jeb and Tom were walking up a mountain ________________________________________They stopped on the path to ________________________________________________________Tom noticed_____________________________________________________________________They came together to_____________________________________________________________Tom got scared and began to _______________________________________________________A few seconds later_______________________________________________________________Jeb began to fight________________________________________________________________The cougar had its claws in________________________________________________________Tom ran back to_________________________________________________________________Then__________________________________________________________________________Story development 读后续写Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too. Jeb let go of his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.“Tom, no” shouted his father.But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid-air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted.Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even with just his fists. As the cougar’s claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the corner of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.“Knife, Tom,” shouted Jeb.The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.After the cougar ran off, Jeb looked down at his clothes and ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Jeb and Tom got out of the car and __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Structure imitation 结构模仿1. Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it._________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________2. But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________3. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb was making out of his arms.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________Lesson 1 The unexpected guest on the mountainAnswer:To protect his son who ran when he saw the cougar.Reading comprehension 阅读理解1—4BDADSummary writing 摘要写作Tom and Jeb saw a cougar laying on a rock as they were walking through the mountains. First, Tom pulled open his jacket to make himself look bigger and then held Jeb across his body in the shape of a cross to intimidate the cougar. Tom got scared and started to run away so Jeb through himself onto the cougar to distract him. Jeb and the cougar began to fight until Tom came back to help his father by grabbing a knife out of the bag. Tom stabbed the cougar in the back causing the cougar to run away into the mountains.Occasion describing 场景描写Tom and Jeb were walking up a mountain as they do every time they visit the national park. They stopped on the path to take a picture together at the lookout point. All of a sudden, Tom noticed a sleeping cougar lying on the rocks beside them. The cougar suddenly awoke startled and just looked at Tom and Jeb. They came together to make themselves bigger in order to intimidate the cougar. Tom got scared and began to run away down the mountain. A few seconds later, the cougar jumped down off his rock towards Tom but Jeb stepped in its path. Jebbegan to fight the cougar in order to save his son. The cougar had its claws in Jeb’s arms while Jeb called to Tom for help. Tom ran back to the scene and grabbed the knife out of his bag. Then Tom gave the knife to Jeb who stabbed the cougar in the back.Story development 读后续写After the cougar ran off, Jeb looked down at his clothes and… was shocked to see them all bloody. “The cougars claws must have penetrated my skin when it attacked me.” Jeb said to Tom. “Yes, unfortunately I think you need to go to the hospital.” Jeb and Tom walked carefully back down the mountain until they reached their car. Jeb was bleeding from his arms and fists so he drove to the nearest hospital.Tom and Jeb got out of the car… and walked inside of the hospital. The nurse asked, “What happened to you?” “I got attacked by a cougar on the mountain. I had to defend myself so I stabbed the cougar in the back with a knife.” “Oh dear, well let me get a doctor to help you.” The doctor came and stitched up Jeb and told him to be careful next time they go hiking.Structure imitation 结构模仿1. Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom before they saw it.a. Wandering in the street, Tom caught sight of his ex- girl- friend before she saw him.b. Lying in the sun on a beach, they found about two hours had passed before they realized it.c. “Hey, do you see that man lying in the sun on a rock?” “No.” “Oh, I thought it was you before I got here.”2. But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar.a. He is the last person to whom I think you can turn in time of trouble.b. While she was the last person I want to see, I did all in my power to help her.c. Mowing the lawn is the last thing I have to do before I can watch TV.3. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall Jeb wasmaking out of his arms.a. He sent me an email, trying to apologize.b. John Snow worked hard, trying to discover the cause of cholera.c. My colleague was reading the instructions carefully, trying to find a way to fix the crack without replacing theentire windshield.。
广东省高二作文写作训练之读后续写概述(解题思路)讲义
2025届高二作文写作训练之读后续写一、题型概述读后续写是一种新型的写作形式，结合阅读与写作。
通常，读后续写题型会提供一段350词以内的语言材料，以记叙文为主。
考生需依据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。
该题型总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
二、解读与构思读后续写题型的答题过程可以分为"读""思""写"三步，下面将以Camping Cousins为例逐一讲解。
第一步梳理原文信息，把握续写框架脉络。
第二步续写构思，从构思两段主要情节到构思所给段首句的衔接句和结尾句，最后结合"五所"补充两段具体情节。
第三步情节优化，即初稿完成后如何对其进行润色，丰富人物形象，衔接前后内容，以及如何适当运用表现手法。
Camping CousinsMy cousin Allen was the coolest person in all of Minneapolis. By the age of 19, he was a star football player at the University of Minnesota. I wanted to be just like him. So when Allen asked me to join him on a spring fishing trip in northern Minnesota, I said yes!After planning the trip, we gathered clothes and supplies and then set off on our adventure. We reached the Superior National Forest by early evening. On the way to our campsite, Allen pointed to a small house faraway in one of the mountains, saying that it was the ranger station (护林站) where the foresters worked.Allen knew all the tricks of an experienced camper. After we gathered enough wood from the forest floor, he started the campfire using only stone and steel — no matches. After a day of travelling, we were very hungry. We ate beef and rice and some soup as well.Exhausted, we crawled into our sleeping bags early. Allen was still talking about his past camping adventures when a sudden wind picked up from the north. The temperature dropped and it began to snow. Allen knew of a way to increase the temperature inside the tent. He dragged a log from the woods, wrapped aluminum foil (铝箔) around the log and then placed it near the campfire. The heat from the fire reflected into the tent. Soon the tent was warm again and thoughts of lake fish filled my dreams.I was still dreaming when Allen woke me up in a panic. Our tent was on fire! The snow had stopped during the night, but the wind had fanned the flames of the fire towards our tent. Frightened by the flames, I ran out of the tent immediately. The tent collapsed with Allen inside. Without any hesitation, I reached into the burning tent, grabbed him, and dragged him to the icy lake. We checked each other to make sure neither of us was hurt. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答. Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our situation.________ Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest.___________________________________ （一）梳理原文信息 对原文进行分析时，应重点关注原文中的故事主题、环境、人物、情节等要素。
高考新题型专之概要写作与读后续写
(二) 要点连接 文章概要，在写完了要点之后，下一步的工作就是要把这
些要点用适当的连接词进行连接，使上下句之间具有连贯性。 本篇文章整篇结构是总分的结构，要点2和要点3在观点上截 然相反，因此，之间需要表示转折的连接词，范文用了 However恰到好处。要点3和要点4在观点上又存在不同，因此， 还是用表转折的连接词However。不过小编认为，此处用 Nevertheless可以避免三句话内出现两次However。
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写 作
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
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概要写作专练(一)A(2018·浙江省名校联盟第三次联考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen ... At that point, I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often — only of objects I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.一、试题详解1．核心内容本文是一篇记叙文，全文共四段。
第一段讲述作者小时候喜欢写日记，每天忙着把各种日常生活及感受记录在本子上，积累记忆，保存过去。
第二段讲述作者13岁时的一次旅游经历，山谷的美丽使她/他意识到，应该学会当时当地去欣赏和体验世间万物，而不是一味地记录。
第三段主要讲述了作者写日记的方式发生了改变，现在只把自己特殊的想法或情感有选择地写在日记中。
第四段是作者对生活的感悟：把握现在，感受今天；生活，重在感受而不是为了回忆而记忆。
2．写作思路(1)理清文章脉络，概括段落大意。
该文第一段围绕着首句“Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.”讲述几年前，作者每天忙于记录日常生活感受，事无巨细等。
第二段讲述作者在写日记一事上的转变，全段没有主题句，因此可围绕change一词将本段大意概括为“The author’s attitude towards the diary changed after a trip to a valley.”。
第三段围绕首句“Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.”详细讲述作者改变写日记方式后的相关情况，她/他开始有选择地在日记中记录自己的感想体会。
第四段是作者的感悟，即“I don’t live to make memories — I just live, and the memories form themselves.”。
(2)确定表达要点，灵活准确表达。
要点1是对第一段内容的归纳，同时为使句意更加完整清晰，可适当补充细节，例如，写日记是为了储存记忆。
要点2是对第二段内容的概括，即作者写日记方式变化前后的对比。
要点3承接着要点2，是对作者改变写日记方式后的具体描述，可以使用thus衔接。
要点4是最后一段中作者的感悟。
二、参考范文The author had made it a routine to keep a detailed diary of her/his everyday life to store memories.(要点1) That changed after a trip to a valley, where she/he realized breathtaking scenery was meant to be felt with heart rather than written down mechanically.(要点2) Thus, she/he has become selective about what to put in her/his diary, (要点3) focusing on the present instead of busying herself/himself with recording memories for the past or the future.(要点4)三、范文解析要点1中，“made it a routine”准确地表达了作者每日像例行公事般地记日记的状态，用目的状语“to store memories”补充信息，使要点信息更全面。
要点2中，非限制性定语从句“where ...”的使用明确了作者改变写日记方式的原因，同时用breathtaking 替换原文的dramatic，避免词汇的重复。
要点3由Thus一词引出作者现在写日记的方式，即“become selective about what to put in her/his diary”，同时通过非谓语结构“focusing on ... instead of busying ...”把要点4准确地表达出来，使得句与句之间衔接紧凑，语言精练。
B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Group singing is a sound that begins inside you, shares it with a roomful of people and it comes back as something even more thrilling: harmony. So it’s not surprising that group singing is on the rise.As the popularity of group singing grows, science has been hard at work trying to explain why it has such a calming yet energizing effect on people. What researchers are beginning to discover is that singing is like a filling of the perfect tranquilizer (镇静剂), the kind that both eases your nerves and lifts your spirits. The high spirits may come from endorphins, a hormone (荷尔蒙) released by singing, which is associated with feelings of pleasure. Or it might be from oxytocin, another hormone released during singing, which has been found to ease anxiety and stress.Oxytocin also strengthens feeling of trust and bonding, which may explain why still more studies have found that singing lessens feelings of depression and loneliness.The benefits of singing regularly seem to be accumulative. In one study, singers were found to have lower levels of stress. Another investigation suggesting that our heart rates may keep pace with each other during group singing could also explain why singing together sometimes feels like a guided group meditation. Study after study has found that singing relieves anxiety and contributes to quality of life.It turns out you don’t even have to be a good singer to gain the rewards.According to one study, group singing “can produce satisfying and therapeutic feelings even when the sound produced by the mouth is of average quality”．Singing groups which vary from casual affairs to serious, professional or a vocational ones will all work.Group singing is cheaper than medical treatment, healthier than drinking, and certainly more fun than working out. It is the one thing in life where feeling better is pretty much guaranteed. Even if you walked into the group exhausted and depressed, by the end of the night you’ll walk out high as a kite on endorphins and good will.一、试题详解1．核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。