2012-2013年中考二轮复习(八)
中考数学第二轮复习专题(14个)

中考数学二轮专题复习之一:配方法与换元法把代数式通过凑配等手段,得到完全平方式,再运用完全平方式是非负数这一性质达到增加问题的条件的目的,这种解题方法叫配方法.所谓换元法,就是在一个比较复杂的数学式子中,用新的变元去代替原式的一个部分或改造原来的式子,使它简化,使问题易于解决。
【范例讲析】: 例1: 填空题:1).将二次三项式x 2+2x -2进行配方,其结果为 。
2).方程x 2+y 2+4x -2y+5=0的解是 。
3).已知M=x 2-8x+22,N=-x 2+6x -3,则M 、N 的大小关系为 。
例2.已知△ABC 的三边分别为a 、b 、c ,且a 2+b 2+c 2=ab+bc+ac ,则△ABC 的形状为 。
例3.解方程:422740x x --=【闯关夺冠】 1.已知13x x +=.则221x x+的值为__________. 2.若a 、b 、c 是三角形的三边长,则代数式a 2–2ab+b 2–c 2的值 ( ) A 大于零 B 等于零 C 小于零 D 不能确定 3已知:a 、b 为实数,且a 2+4b 2-2a+4b+2=0,求4a 2-b1的值。
4. 解方程: 211()65()11x x +=--对于某些数学问题,若得知所求结果具有某种确定的形式,则可研究和引入一些尚待确定的系数(或参数)来表示这样的结果.通过变形与比较.建立起含有待定字母系数(或参数)的方程(组),并求出相应字母系数(或参数)的值,进而使问题获解.这种方法称为待定系数法. 【范例讲析】:【例1】二次函数的图象经过A(1,0)、B(3,0)、C(2,-1)三点.(1)求这个函数的解析式.(2)求函数与直线y=-x+1的交点坐标.【例2】一次函数的图象经过反比例函数xy 8-=的图象上的A 、B 两点,且点A 的横坐标与点B 的纵坐标都是2。
(1)求这个一次函数的解析式;(2)若一条抛物线经过点A 、B 及点C (1,7),求抛物线的解析式。
2012年中考数学二轮复习考点解密 规律探索性问题

2012年中考数学二轮复习考点解密 规律探索性问题第一部分 讲解部分一.专题诠释规律探索型题是根据已知条件或题干所提供的若干特例,通过观察、类比、归纳,发现题目所蕴含的数字或图形的本质规律与特征的一类探索性问题。
这类问题在素材的选取、文字的表述、题型的设计等方面都比较新颖新。
其目的是考查学生收集、分析数据,处理信息的能力。
所以规律探索型问题备受命题专家的青睐,逐渐成为中考数学的热门考题。
二.解题策略和解法精讲规律探索型问题是指在一定条件下,探索发现有关数学对象所具有的规律性或不变性的问题,它往往给出了一组变化了的数、式子、图形或条件,要求学生通过阅读、观察、分析、猜想来探索规律.它体现了“特殊到一般”的数学思想方法,考察了学生的分析、解决问题能力,观察、联想、归纳能力,以及探究能力和创新能力.题型可涉及填空、选择或解答.。
三.考点精讲 考点一:数与式变化规律通常根据给定一列数字、代数式、等式或者不等式,然后写出其中蕴含的一般规律,一般解法是先写出数式的基本结构,然后通过比较各式子中相同的部分和不同的部分,找出各部分的特征,改写成要求的规律的形式。
例1. 有一组数:13,25579,,101726,请观察它们的构成规律,用你发现的规律写出第n (n为正整数)个数为 .分析:观察式子发现分子变化是奇数,分母是数的平方加1.根据规律求解即可. 解答:解:21211211⨯-=+; 23221521⨯-=+; 252311031⨯-=+;272411741⨯-=+; 219251265+⨯-=;…;∴第n (n 为正整数)个数为2211n n -+.点评:对于找规律的题目首先应找出哪些部分发生了变化,是按照什么规律变化的.此题的规律为:分子变化是奇数,分母是数的平方加1. 例2(2010广东汕头)阅读下列材料:1×2 = 31(1×2×3-0×1×2), 2×3 = 31(2×3×4-1×2×3), 3×4 =31(3×4×5-2×3×4),由以上三个等式相加,可得1×2+2×3+3×4= 31×3×4×5 = 20.读完以上材料,请你计算下列各题:(1) 1×2+2×3+3×4+···+10×11(写出过程);(2) 1×2+2×3+3×4+···+n ×(n +1) = ______________; (3) 1×2×3+2×3×4+3×4×5+···+7×8×9 = ______________.分析:仔细阅读提供的材料,可以发现求连续两个正整数积的和可以转化为裂项相消法进行简化计算,从而得到公式)1(433221+⨯++⨯+⨯+⨯n n[])1()1()2)(1()321432()210321(31+--++++⨯⨯-⨯⨯+⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯=n n n n n n)2)(1(31++=n n n ;照此方法,同样有公式:)2()1(543432321+⨯+⨯++⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯n n n [])2()1()1()3()2()1()43215432()32104321(41+⨯+⨯⨯--+⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯=n n n n n n n n )3)(2)(1(41+++=n n n n .解:(1)∵1×2 = 31(1×2×3-0×1×2),2×3 = 31(2×3×4-1×2×3), 3×4 =31(3×4×5-2×3×4),…10×11 =31(10×11×12-9×10×11),∴1×2+2×3+3×4+···+10×11=31×10×11×12=440.(2))2)(1(31++n n n .(3)1260. 点评:本题通过材料来探索有规律的数列求和公式,并应用此公式进行相关计算.本题系初、高中知识衔接的过渡题,对考查学生的探究学习、创新能力及综合运用知识的能力都有较高的要求.如果学生不掌握这些数列求和的公式,直接硬做,既耽误了考试时间,又容易出错.而这些数列的求和公式的探索,需要认真阅读材料,寻找材料中提供的解题方法与技巧,从而较为轻松地解决问题.例3(2010山东日照,19,8分)我们知道不等式的两边加(或减)同一个数(或式子)不等号的方向不变.不等式组是否也具有类似的性质?完成下列填空:一般地,如果⎩⎨⎧>>dc b a , 那么a +c b +d .(用“>”或“<”填空)你能应用不等式的性质证明上述关系式吗?分析:可以用不等式的基本性质和不等式的传递性进行证明。
2012年中考英语中考第二轮专题知识点复习8

中考英语非谓语动词专练1.The students are kept busy their lessons.A.to review B.review C.reviewing D.on reviewing2.I consider to see the film next Sunday.A.to go B.go C.to b e going D.going3.I wouldn ,t advise there by bus, because it is too crowded.A.go B.to go C.to going D.going4.I advised at once.A.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start5.We don ,t allow in this room.A.smoking B.to smokeC.people smoking D.people to smoking6.You shouldn ,t allow games near the classroom for it ,s too noisy.A.student playing B.to play C.students to play D.to playing 7.They are busy for the exam.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.to preparing8.We should keep on English every day.A.to practise to speak B.to practise speakingC.practising to speak D.practising speaking9.I ,m sorry to have kept you .A.wait B.to wait C.waited D.waiting10.It ,s dangerous to let the children who are go swimming in the river.A.so young to B.not old enough to C.so young D.too young to 11.The price of food kept in those days.A.going B.getting C.rising D.turning12.The travelers stood on the hillside and looked at the sun .A.risen B.raise C.rising D.raising13.The mother was asked TV every evening.A.not to let her children watch B.not to let her children to watchC.not let her children watch D.not let her children watching14.The doctor asked him not to leave his wound .A.exposed B.to expose C.to be exposed D.exposing15.He likes , but he doesn ,t like today because it is too cold.A.to swim; to swim B.swimming; swimmingC.to swim; swimming D.swimming; to swim16.He sat to her the stairs.A.to listen; to climb B.listening; to climbC.listening; climb D.listening; to climbing17.He would sit alone and listen to May the piano.A.to play B.playing C.played D.to playing18.The girl was made she didn ,t love at all.A.marry a man B.to marry a manC.to marry with a man D.married with a man19.Don ,t make him it if he doesn ,t want to.A.do B.to do C.doing D.that he do20.This experience made him the study of science.A.interest in B.to interest in C.interesting in D.interested in21.He raised his voice so as to make himself .A.hear B.hearing C.be heard D.heard22.He managed to make himself with his English.A.understand; breaking B.understand; brokenC.understood; breaking D.understood; broken23.It ,s time to listen to the news. Would you mind the radio?A.me to open B.my to open C.my opening D.my turning on24.I don ,t mind to the party.A.being not invited B.not inviting C.not being invited D.not to be invited 25.The boy didn ,t mind alone at home.A.to leave B.leaving C.to be left D.being left26. "Do you mind ?〞 "Go ahead.〞A.turning on the fan B.if I turn on the fanC.to turn on the fan D.I turn on the fan27.We didn ,t miss the football match last night.A.watching B.to watch C.watch D.watched28.I ,m sorry, but I must say your English needs .A.improving B.to be improving C.improve D.an improvement29.She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her.A.see B.have seen C.seeing D.having seen30. "You have come just in time to help us.〞"Fine, what needs ?〞A.I do B.done C.to be done D.to do31.In England as early as the century, young people enjoyed football.A.twelfth…playing B.twelveth…playingC.twelfth…to play D.twelveth…to play32.No one enjoys fun of in pubic.A.making B.being made C.to be made D.to make33.None of the criminals (罪犯) escaped .A.be punished B.being punished C.to be punished D.punished34.On a morning the little match girl was found at the corner ofthe street.A.freezing; freezing B.freezing; frozen C.frozen; frozen D.frozen; freezing35.They found a old woman on the ground when the door was brokenopen.A.dying; lying B.dead; lied C.death; laying D.died; lain36.We went in and found the room .A.poorly furnished B.poor furnitureC.well furnishing D.to be furnished badly37.I found him on his back looking upward.A.lie B.lying C.laying D.laid38.The old man was found on the floor.A.lying dead B.lying death C.laying dead D.laying death39.The children were found in the cave.A.trapping B.trapped C.to be trapping D.be trapped40.Excuse me for my delay your letter.A.of answering B.in answering C.to answering D.to answer41.When he returned, his wife found his hair black.A.had dyed B.has been dyed C.be dyed D.dyed42.Have you finished the notice on the blackboard?A.written B.wrote C.writing D.to write43.I feel like a long walk. Would you like with me?A.taking; going B.taking; to go C.to take; to go D.to take; going 44.When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still .A.beat B.to be beating C.beating D.was beating45.The teacher forbade our seats.A.us to leave B.us leaving C.to leave D.to leaving46.Don ,t forget the letter for me on your way home.A.post B.to post C.posting D.posted47.Have you forgotten a ruler from Betty? Please remember it to her tomorrow.A.borrowing; to return B.borrowing; returningC.to borrow; to return D.to borrow; returning48.I forget them in the school garden.A.allowing; playing B.allow; to play C.allowing; to play D.to allow; playing 49.I knew he didn ,t listen to me, but I went on to get him in the proposal.A.hoping; interesting B.to hope; interestingC.hoping; interest D.hoping; interested50.He finished his homework and then went on me.A.helping B.with help C.with helping D.to help51.You had better get a doctor your bad tooth.A.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling out52.Don ,t get in the rain.A.to be caught B.catching C.to catch D.caught53.I haven ,t got a chair . Will you make room for me?A.to sit B.to sit in C.for sitting D.sitting54.By the way, when did you get your bedroom ?Last week?A.to paint B.painted C.painting D.to be painted55.We can ,t get the car . We need someone us.A.to go; to help B.going; to help C.going; helping D.gone; helping 56.When she heard the news, she couldn ,t help .A.jump with joy B.to jump with joyC.jumping with joy D.having jumped with joy57.I couldn ,t help by the beauty of the West Lake.A.stricking B.being struck C.bursting D.being burst58.I ,m afraid your suggestion can ,t help the service of their shop.A.improving B.in improving C.improve D.for improving59.The matter had better as it is.A.leave B.being left C.leaving D.be left60. -When do you think we ,ll leave tomorrow?-You ,d better ready at seven o ,clock.A.to be B.be C.being D.been61.You had better your shoes .A.to have; mended B.have; mended C.have; mending D.have; mend 62.You ,d better when you come in.A.not to wake up me B.not to wake me up C.not wake up me D.not wake me up 63.I studied English in prison from a teach -yourself book, but I have never heard .A.spoken of it speaking B.a word of it spokenC.a word of it speaking D.the speaking of a word64.Do you often have someone your clothes?Yes, I often have them .A.wash; to wash B.to wash; washed C.washed; wash D.wash; washed 65.Mary had her friend the best one.A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose66.I wanted to have him the job, but she had it instead.A.do; done B.does; dong C.to do; doing D.to do; done67.It was so cold that the travelers had the fire all the night.A.burning B.to burn C.burn D.burnt68.Your hair is rather long, you should have a little.A.them cut B.it cutting C.it to be cut D.it cut69.In those days my family didn ,t have enough room. .A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.living70.My grandmother seems to have a lot .A.worry about B.to worrying about C.to be worried D.to worry about 71.They insisted on a thorough rest before going back to work.A.him to take B.he took C.his taking D.his taken72.Who could have imagined such a sweet -tempered girl as Alice such a thing?A.doing B.to do C.will do D.does73.Can you imagine as a nurse?A.he work B.he to work C.him working D.he working74.You can hardly imagine a child so cruelly.A.to treat B.to be treated C.being treated D.treating75.It ,s no use over spilt milk.A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.be crying76.It is no good others , shortcomings.A.to joke about B.to joke with C.joking with D.joking about77.It is considered no good without understanding.A.recite B.to be recited C.recited D.reciting78.There is what the weather will be like.A.not knowing B.no knowing C.not know D.no known79.I was deep in thought, I didn ,t notice .A.him to come in B.him come in C.he come in D.he has got in 80.They did not observe her in and go upstairs.A.come B.to come C.came D.coming81.I object to .A.make fun of B.making fun ofC.be made fun of D.being made fun of82.Have you any objection to there on foot?A.be going B.going C.go D.went83.We do not permit in the office.A.to smoke B.smoking C.to be smoking D.to smoking84.Will you permit me ?A.to explain B.to explaining C.explaining D.of explaining 85.Attention must be paid to the jewellery shop .A.prevent; from robbed B.preventing; from being robbedC.prevent; from being robbed D.preventing; being robbing86.I prefer to watch football.A.to play B.to playing C.rather than play D.than to play87.Even on holidays, he preferred to .A.working; do nothing B.working; doing nothingC.to work; do nothing D.to work; doing nothing88. "How about a drink?〞 "I ,d rather something to eat.〞A.have B.to have C.had D.having89.Excuse you but I have an important message for you.A.me to interrupt B.my interruptC.my interrupting D.me of interrupting90.We regret that the film was not worth .A.to say; to see B.to say; seeing C.saying; to see D.saying; to seeing 91.He regrets to watch the volleyball match.A.not being able B.can ,t go C.not to be able to D.can ,t going 92.I don ,t regret even if I might have hurt her feelings.A.telling what I thought B.telling her what I thoughtC.to tell her what I thought D.to tell her what I thought93.Please remember the letter for me when you go .A.posting; to shop B.posting; shopping C.to post; to shop D.to post; shopping 94.Does Mr Smith remember to China when he was a child?A.being taken B.to be taken C.taking D.to take95.The letter is not on the desk. I remember it for you.A.having posted B.to post C.to be posted D.posted96.We should do as we are required .A.doing B.do C.to do D.to97.He was not used to by air, so he felt unwell.A.travel B.travelled C.have traveled D.travelling98.She is looking forward you again.A.to meeting B.to meet C.meeting D.to be met99.He used on the right in China, but he soon got used on the left in England.A.to drive; to drive B.to drive; drivingC.to driving; to drive D.to drive; to driving100.Jane devoted her life the sick.A.to caring for B.to care for C.to caring D.caring for101.The mother wanted her son without delay.A.to operate B.to be operated onC.to operate on D.being operated on102.If you want a letter , you must keep in mind several rules while .A.written; written B.well written; writingC.well writing; writing D.well written; written103.She wants read her story.A.that I B.me C.being D.me to104.I don ,t want that sort of thing .A.keep happen B.keep happeningC.to keep happen D.to keep happening105.My watch wants . It doesn ,t the right time.A.to repair; tell B.being repaired; say C.repairing; speak D.repairing; tell106.Why do you stand and watch the milk over?A.boiling B.boiled C.from boiling D.being boiled107.The book is worth .A.very; to be read B.good; reading C.much; to read D.well; reading 108.Mr John requires each of his students a composition every other week.A.writing B.write C.to write D.written109.These chickens require carefully.A.to look after B.looking afterC.looked after D.being looked after110.The whole place requires .A.to be cleaned B.to be cleaning C.being cleaned D.to clean 111.The rule required that all of us at the office by two o ,clock.A.arrived B.should arrive C.would arrive D.arriving112.Soon they saw the boy in the crowd.A.disappear B.to disappear C.disappears D.be disappeared113.I ,m pleased to see the problem so quickly.A.settled B.having been settledC.be settled D.settle114.I saw him behind the tree thinking.A.sat B.seated C.seating D.seat115.He was seen into the bedroom.A.steal B.be stealing C.had stolen D.stealing116.She was seen the room.A.enter B.to entering C.to enter D.be entering117.We set about and succeeded our task in time.A.to work; to finish B.working; finishingC.to work; finishing D.working; in finishing118.She seemed at the news.A.surprising B.surprise C.surprised D.to surprise119.You look light -hearted. Nothing seems to you.A.to happen B.to have been happenedC.to have happened D.to be happened120.I spent hours your composition.A.to look though B.look through C.looking through D.looked through 121.Much time is spent .A.writing B.to write C.to writing D.to be writing122.We advise them to stop such a dangerous plan.A.to think of carrying on B.to think of carrying outC.thinking of carrying off D.thinking of carrying out123.They stopped when they met in the street.A.talk B.talking C.to talk D.talked124.I hope you ,ll succeed this plan.A.fulfill B.to fulfill C.fulfilling D.in fulfilling125.The day we had looked forward to at last.A.coming B.come C.came D.comes126.He suggested the meeting to an endA.bring B.to bring C.bringing D.on bringing127.I tried it was no good into the habit of smoking.A.making him understand; to get B.making him to understand; to getC.to make him understand; getting D.to make him to understand; getting128.He couldn ,t open the front door, so he tried the back door.A.push B.to push C.pushed D.pushing129.This instrument is used machines.A.checking B.to checking C.to check D.to be checked130.It is known to us all that bamboo can be used to various things.A.making B.make C.be made D.being made131.A job worth is worth well.A.do; doing B.doing; to do C.doing; done D.doing; doing132.It ,s worth much is worth .A.to do what; to do B.doing that; doing C.to do what; doing D.doing; to do 133.Excuse me for late.A.have come B.come C.coming D.to come134.He dare not go home for fear of .A.punishing B.punished C.being punished D. to be punished135.Thomas Edison devoted his life to the secrets of nature.A.bring out B.bringing out C.keeping D.carry out136.We are looking forward the museum.A.to visit B.visiting C.to visiting D.to be able to visit137.I had difficult in the plan.A.carrying out B.dropping in C.smoothing away D.making into 138.Some plastics can be made into any form without .A.having heated B.being heatedC.heating D.having been heating139.The wallet was returned to Mr Hopkins without anything .A.missing B.to be missed C.missed D.to miss140.You should do your homework this evening instead of TV.A.watch B.you watch C.you watching D.watching141.The girl made the doctor angry by his advice.A.not following B.not to follow C.taking D.taking out142.Only by too much money can we live through these months.A.wasting B.no wasting C.not wasting D.wasted143.Mary was not afraid of .A.laughing B.laughing at C.being laughed D.being laughed at144.I can ,t think of alone any longer.A.you living B.you live C.you to live D.you are living145.The doctor advised him to give up ,but he refused so.A.to smoke; doing B.smoking; to do C.to smoke; to do D.smoking; doing 146.She is far from with the result of the exam.A.satisfy B.satisfied C.being satisfied D.satisfying147.The teacher refused it al by myself.A.let me do B.let me to do C.to let me to do D.to let me do148.He pretended nothing about it.A.know B.to know C.knowing D.knew149.The teacher asked the students .A.keep quiet B.to keep quietC.don ,t make a noise D.never make any mistakes150.He told the children make so much noise.A.don ,t B.don ,t to C.to not D.not to151. "Will the Smiths go abroad this summer?〞"No, they finally decided .〞A.to B.not going C.not to D.not to be going152.He didn ,t know or stay.A.to leave B.if that he should leaveC.if to leave D.whether to leave153.Do you know the repairs?A.to do B.to make C.how to do D.how to making154.The man will use what he has a camera for his wife.A.to get B.got C.buy D.bought155.To answer correctly is more important than .A.a quick finish B.to finish quickly C.finishing quickly D.you finish quick 156.We are the experiment in two months at the most.A.to finish B.finish C.finishing D.to finishing157. "Am I it upstairs?〞"Please don ,t, just leave it here.〞A.carry B.carrying C.to carry D.carried158.What is then?A.to be doing B.to do C.to be done D.doing159.We have been looking for the boy all the morning but he is nowhere .A.to see B.seeing C.seen D.to be seen160.See the dark clouds? It is likely soon.A.to rain B.rained C.raining D.would rain161.I ,m hungry. Would you get me something ?A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eaten162.Will you be able to attend the lecture next week?A.giving B.given C.to be given D.being given163.The way English is practising it as often as possible.A.leaning; speaking B.to learn; to speakC.to learn; speaking D.learning; to speak164.He is a man .A.to depend B.depending onC.to be depended D.to be depended on165.The new building at the end of his year belongs to the university.A.be completed B.to be completed C.being completed D.to complete 166.I ,m very sorry for what has happened; the bad result ought to out to those at the very beginning.A.have been pointed; concerned B.have pointed; concernedC.point; concerned D.be pointed; concerning167.Helen is always the first to the office.A.comes B.coming C.to come D.who came168.He is a man hard .A.deal with B.dealt with C.to deal with D.dealing with169.I felt it an honour to speak here.A.to ask B.asking C.to be asked D.having asked170. a foreign language, one must have a lot of practice.A.For mastering B.Mastering C.To master D.So as to master171.To succeed in passing the exam, .A.one needs to be diligent B.diligence is neededC.one needs be a diligent person D.diligence is what one needs 172.He made a long speech his ignorance (无知) of the subject.A.only to show B.only showing C.showing D.enough to show173.Mr Brown is said a new novel.A.to writing B.to have been writtenC.to be written D.to have written174.The old man is said a sailor when he was young.A.to have been B.that he was C.to be D.of being175. with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, his tail to the rain.A.Trembling; exposing B.Trembled; exposedC.Trembled; exposing D.Trembling; exposed176.It was so a poem that quite a few children were to tears.A.moved; moved B.moving; moving C.moving; moved D.moved; moving 177.If you want to improve your English, you must practise it every day.A.speaking; speaking B.spoken; speakingC.spoken; a speak D.speaking; so speak178.Do you know the girl at the back of the classroom?A.seated B.seating C.sit D.sat179.Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr Zhou .A.including B.being included C.to include D.included180.The two farmers what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to hand in his map.A.carried B.were carrying C.carrying D.had carried181.The story -book was borrowed from the library.A.which it is on the desk B.which on the deskC.is on the desk D.lying on the desk182.A man is often afraid of .A.dying; dead B.dead; death C.dead; dying D.dying; death183.The wheat fields are irrigated by water from a pond through bamboo pipes.A.bring B.brings C.brought D.bringing184.Six nine makes fifteen.A.added to B.adds to C.added up to D.added by185.The doctor asked the patient to drink more water.A.boiling B.boiled C.cold D.being boiled186.The lecturer will be here tomorrow.A.to talk about so much B.to be talking about so muchC.so much talking about D.so much talked about187.The language for speaking on the telephone is similar to that of ordinary conversation.A.is used B.is using C.used D.using188. "Look,〞 Mary said, "the building is our library.〞A.is repaired B.being repaired C.repairing D.to be repairing 189.The question at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed 190.There are a lot of peasants in the rice fields.A.who works B.who worked C.work D.working191.He was sitting there, in deep thought.A.lose B.lost C.loss D.losing192. the bookstore, he he stopped a few books.A.Passing; buying B.Passing; to buyC.To pass; buying D.Having passed; to buy193. very small, computers are widely used.A.Because B.As C.Since D.Being194. many time, but he still couldn ,t understand it.A.Having been told B.Though he had been toldC.He had been told D.Having told195. her mother had come, her face lit up.A.Hearing B.Having heard C.When hearing D.When she heard 196.Walking down the street the other day, .A.I saw unusual something happened B.a terrible accident happenedC.something unusual was seen by me D.I saw a terrible accident197. in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.A.To lose B.Losing C.Lost D.Having lost198. in white, she looks much more beautiful.A.Wearing B.Dressing C.Dressed D.Having dressed199. from the hill, the little village looks all the more beautiful.A.To see B.Being seen C.Seeing D.Seen200. , the old man is living a happy life.A.Taking good care B.Taken good careC.Having taken good care D.Taken good care of201. the boy couldn ,t enter his house.A.Since the key has lost B.The key been lostC.Lost the key D.Having lost the key202. where to go , he asked a policeman the way.A.Having lost his way and not knowing B.Losing his way and didn ,t know C.Lost his way and not knowing D.Lost his way and didn ,t know 203. from her son for a long time, she decided to write to him.A.Not having heard B.Having not heardC.Not hearing D.Hearing not204. to the party, Joan was greatly hurt.A.Having not been in invited B.Not having been invitedC.Having not invited D.Not having invited205.The novel is said into many language.A.to be translated B.being translatedC.to have been translated D.having been translates206. to the left and you ,ll see the post office.A.To turn B.Turning C.Turned D.Turn207. the airport they waved again and again to me.A.When leaving B.When leave C.When to leave D.When left208.When into a warm room, the ice soon changed to water.A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.taken209.Look round when the street.A.cross B.crossing C.crossed D.to cross210.When , ice changes into water.A.to heat B.heating C.heated D.they are heated211. made her mother very angry.A.Helen ,s married Jack B.Helen has married JackC.Helen marrying Jack D.Helen ,s marrying Jack212.The situation is more than ever. I ,m about what to do nest.A.puzzled; puzzled B.puzzling; puzzlingC.puzzling; puzzled D.puzzled; puzzling213.The news Jim. He was at the news. He found the news .A.surprised; surprised; surprising B.surprised; surprising; surprised C.surprising; surprised; surprised D.surprising; surprising; surprised 214.China is a country to the third world.A.developed; belongs B.developing; belongingC.developing; belongs D.developed; belonged215.The old man walked in the street, .A.followed by his son B.followed his sonC.and following his son D.and following by his son[参考答案]1 -5 CDDBA 6 -10 CBDDC 11 -15 CCAAD 16 -20 CBBAD 21 -25 DDDCD26 -30 BAACC 31 -35 ABBBA 36 -40 ABABB 41 -45DCBCA 46 -50 BACDD51 -55 BDBBB 56 -60 CBCDB 61 -65 BDBDA 66 -70 AADCD 71 -75 CACCC76 -80 DDBBA 81 -85 DBBAB 86 -90 CBACB 91 -95 ABDAA 96 -100 DDADA101 -105 BBDDD 106 -110 ADCBA 111 -115 BAABD 116 -120CDCCC 121 -125 ADCDC126 -130 CCDCB 131 -135 DCCCB 136 -140 CABAD 141 -145 ACDAB 146 -150 CDBBD151 -155 CDCAB 156 -160 ACCDA 161 -165 CCCDB 166 -170 ACCCC 171 -175 AADAA176 -180CBADC 181 -185 DDCAB 186 -190 DCBDD 191 -195 BBDCD 196 -200 DCCDD201 -205 DAABC 206 -210 DADBC 211 -215 DCABA。
2023年安徽中考英语总复习二轮专题课件:八年级(下) Units 3~4

10.If you always compare yourself ___ others, you may have lots of pressure.
A.in B.with C.to D.at
√
√
语法链接
1. could表礼貌请求和允许(见本书P138)2. Why don’t you...?句型(见本书P51)
lear
ausing
ffer
rops
续表
核心词句过关练
十年真题
Ⅰ. 单项填空
1.(2018年40题)The speaker showed some ___ examples to make the science report easy to understand.
A.awful B.stupid C.proper D.thick
考点点拨
考点
含义
用法
borrow
借入;借来
borrow sth. from sb. 表示主语向别人借东西
lend
借给;借出
lend sth. to sb. =lend sb. sth.表示主语把东西借给别人
keep
保存;借
keep sth. for+一段时间,表示借/保存多长时间
return
归还
return sth. to sb. 表示把某物归还给某人,相当于“give back”
2.(2013年43题)It is helpful to ___ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A.take B.show C.develop D.match
2012-2013年中考二轮复习(四)

2012-2013年中考二轮复习(四)一、选择题:1.2的相反数是( )(A )-2 (B )2 (C )21 (D )21- 2.计算)3(623m m -÷的结果是( )(A )m 3- (B )m 2- (C )m 2 (D )m 33.重庆直辖十年以来,全市投入环保资金约3730000万元,那么3730000万元用科学记数法表示为( )(A )37.3×105万元 (B )3.73×106万元(C )0.373×107万元 (D )373×104万元 4.在下列各电视台的台标图案中,是轴对称图形的是( )(A ) (B ) (C ) (D ) 5.将如图所示的Rt △ABC 绕直角边AC 旋转一周,所得几何体的主视图是( )∙DCB AC BA5 题图6.已知⊙O 1的半径r 为3cm ,⊙O 2的半径R 为4cm ,两圆的圆心距O 1O 2为1cm ,则这两圆的位置关系是( )(A )相交 (B )内含 (C )内切 (D )外切7.分式方程1321=-x 的解为( )(A )2=x (B )1=x (C )1-=x (D )2-=x8.已知一个等腰三角形两内角的度数之比为1∶4,则这个等腰三角形顶角的度数为( )(A )200 (B )1200 (C )200或1200 (D )3609(A )甲比乙高 (B )甲、乙一样(C )乙比甲高 (D )不能确定10.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AB =3,BC =4,点P 在BC 边上运动,连结DP ,过点A 作AE⊥DP,垂足为E ,设DP =x ,AE =y ,则能反映y 与x 之间函数关系的大致图象是( )EPDCBA 10 题图(A)(B)(C)(D)二、填空题:11.计算:=-xx53。
12.已知,如图,AD与BC相交于点O,AB∥CD,如果∠B=200,∠D=400,那么∠B OD为度。
2012年中考物理第二轮复习典型例题剖析及训练《计算题》

2012年中考物理第二轮复习典型例题剖析及训练题--《计算题》答案【例题1】【答案】(1)5A (2)6.6×104J (3)2.31×104J 【例题2】【答案】⑴例:电动自行车的车轮 可有凹凸不平的花纹,增大摩擦。
(2)估计身体的质量约为50kg 地面受到的压强:0.9×105Pa (3)额定功率下的电流:I=P/U =240W/48V=5A(4) 蓄电池储存的电能:W=UIt=48V×12A×3600s=2073600J (5) 因蓄电池储存能量的80%用于电动自行车行驶克服阻力做功,即:2073600J×80%=FS 所以,电动自行车能连续电动行驶的路程:S =41472401658880802073600==⨯NJF J % m (6)优点:无尾气、噪音小。
缺点 :蓄电池一般使用一年左右就需更换,废弃后的电池污染环境。
【例题3】【答案】(1)因为专用车匀速行驶,所以牵引力F =f =3.0×103N牵引力做的功W =Fs =3.0×103N ×5.6×103m =1.68×107J(2)消耗燃油的质量:m =ρV =0.8×103kg/m 3×1.5×10-3m 3=1.2kg燃油完全燃烧所产生的热量:Q =mq =1.2kg ×4×107J/kg =4.8×107J 热机效率η=WQ =1.68×107J4.8×107J=35%达标检测练习 1. 【答案】解:(1)I=U/R 1=6V/10Ω=0.6A ………………(2分)(2)R 总=U/I ,=6V/0.4A=15Ω……………(1分) R 2= R 总-R 1=15Ω-10Ω=5Ω…………(1分)(3)Q 1=( I ,)2R t=(0.4A )2×10Ω×300s=480J …………(3分)2. 【答案】(1)m=ρv=0.7kg/m 3×0.01m 3=7×10-3kg(2)Q 吸=cm ∆t=4.2×103J/(kg ·℃)×1kg ×(100℃-20℃)=3.36×105JW=Q η吸=53.36100.84J ⨯=4×105Jt=W P =5410800JW⨯=500s 3.【答案】 37.(1)Q 3=cm(t-t 0)=4.2×103J/(kg•℃)×100kg×(55℃-15℃)=1.68×107J 空气热水器消耗电能Q2= 3Q η=71.68104J ⨯=4.2×106J电热水器消耗电能W=3Q η=71.68100.8J ⨯=2.1×107JW 电=P 1t 1 t 1=W P =72.1101400J W⨯=1.5×104s由Q 2=W=P 2t 2得t 2=2Q P =64.2101400J W⨯=3×103s(2)节能;省时4.【答案】解:(1) 在加热状态下,P UI = 440220W V I =⨯ 2I A = (2) 333334.210 1.010110(90)kg J Q Cm t m kg m-=∆=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯ ℃-20℃(℃)=52.9410J ⨯54401460 3.69610w Pt w s J ==⨯⨯=⨯552.941010010075.91001001003.69610Q J W Jη⨯=⨯=⨯=⨯ (3) 22U =R P 加热 22(220v)440w R = 2R 110=Ω 22U U ==R R +R P 保温12总 2(220v)40w R +110=Ω1 R 1100=Ω1 5. 【答案】(1) 34.2101(93)JQ cm t kg kg ==⨯⨯⨯ ℃-23℃℃5=2.9410J ⨯ (2) 4450260 5.410w Pt w s J ==⨯⨯=⨯(3) 当开关S 闭合、S 0断开时,饮水机处于保温状态,此电路为R 2的简单电路2200.244P UI V A w ==⨯=6.【答案】(1)保温电热丝消耗的规律P 保=P cd -P 动=100W 保温电热丝阻值R=U 2/P=484Ω (2)Q=cm △t=5.4×105J (3)发光二极管的电流I=0.1A 二极管的功率P=UI=22W 电热丝消耗的功率P=1522W-22W=1500W加热丝产生的热量Q=Pt=6×105J 。
2013年中考历史第二轮专题复习——中考题型与年度热点预测
·人教版
【强国之梦】邓小平作为中国共产党第二代领导集体的 核心。邓小平理论第一次比较系统地、初步地回答了在 中国这样落后的国家如何建设、巩固和发展社会主义的 一系列问题。旗帜问题至关紧要。旗帜就是方向,旗帜 就是形象,高举邓小平理论的旗帜不动摇。 (3) 邓小平理论是在什么会议上成为指导我国改革开放和 社会主义现代化建设的光辉旗帜?为什么称“邓小平理 论”是当代中国的马克思主义?(3分) 中共十五大;邓小平理论第一次比较系统地、初步地回答 了在中国这样落后的国家如何建设、巩固和发展社会主义 的一系列问题
·人教版
5、分析探究等题型 预测5
中国人的“中国梦”,历经艰辛与坎坷,却从未停止。 这些梦想将中国的昨天、今天和明天连成一线。阅读材 料,回答问题。 【救国之梦】由于西方列强的入侵,泱泱文明古国面临 着亡国的危险,中华民族陷入苦难的深渊。中国人民在 抗争,仁人志士在求索。黑暗中,产生了一位杰出的民 族英雄,他是孙中山。 (1)孙中山的“救国之梦”指导思想是什么?最突出的贡 献是什么? (2分)
2013年中考历史二轮复习专题
题型与热点预测
执教人:汪先武
·人教版
一、题型预测 1、单项选择 2、组合列举 3、辨析改错题型 4、材料解析 5、分析探究等题型 二、2013年中考热点问题梳理与预测 (一)党的十八大 (二)中国梦 (三)中俄关系 (四)走向海洋 (五)中美关系 (六)金砖峰会与世界经济全球化 、政治多极化趋势 (七)改革开放35周年 (八)钓鱼岛之争、拜鬼、与中日关系 三、2013年中考历史周年大事记
·人教版
中考预测6
选择题
1.下图是为庆祝第一部《中华人民共和国宪法》诞生而发行 的特种邮票。它发行时,我国正在进行( C ) A.土地改革 B.抗美援朝 C.“一五计划” D.“大跃进”运 2.旗帜就是方向,旗帜就是形象。我国在十一届三中全会后 高举的“旗帜”是( D ) A.马克思主义 B.列宁主义 C.毛泽东思想 D.邓小平理论
2013年中考二轮复习《方法专题:综合计算》ppt课件
排
F浮 A 水 g
240 N 1 .0 1 0 k g / m 1 0 N / k g
3 3
0 .0 2 4 m
3
物块A浸入水中的深度: h
【解析】(1)由题图乙可知,压敏电阻R1随压力F的增大而减小, 当油箱中的汽油用完,即压力F=0时,R1的电阻为220 Ω.
(2)油箱装满汽油时压敏电阻上表面受到的压强为p=ρ汽油gh
=0.7×103 kg/m3×10 N/kg×0.4 m=2.8×103 Pa,油箱装满汽 油时压敏电阻上表面受到的压力为F′=pS=2.8×103 Pa×
长方体,装满油时深度h为0.4 m.
(1)由乙图可知:压敏电阻R1随压力F的增大而______,当油箱 中的汽油用完时,R1的电阻为______Ω . (2)油箱装满汽油时压敏电阻上表面受到的压强和压力分别为
多大?(g=10 N/kg,ρ
汽油=0.7×10
3
kg/m3)
(3)油箱装满汽油时,油量表示数为最大值(即电流表满偏), 求R0的阻值. (4)当油箱中的汽油用完时,电路中的电流为多少?
图甲所示.其中电动机通电后可以送风,电热丝通电后可以发
热.其简化电路如图乙所示,主要技术参数如表.
型
号
NDZ2010-624 50 ℃~75 ℃ 电热丝:1 210 W
热风温度
额定功率 电动机:90 W 额定电压 质 量 220 V 0.5 kg
请回答如下问题:
(1)当开关旋至_______、_______触点时,电吹风处于吹热风
备考2024年中考数学二轮复习-二次函数y=a(x-h)^2+k的性质-单选题专训及答案
备考2024年中考数学二轮复习-二次函数y=a(x-h)^2+k的性质-单选题专训及答案二次函数y=a(x-h)^2+k的性质单选题专训1、(2012葫芦岛.中考真卷) 已知二次函数y=a(x+2)2+3(a<0)的图象如图所示,则以下结论:①当x>﹣2时,y随x的增大而增大;②不论a为任何负数,该二次函数的最大值总是3;③当a=﹣1时,抛物线必过原点;④该抛物线和x轴总有两个公共点.其中正确结论是()A . ①②B . ②③C . ②④D . ①④2、(2017房山.中考模拟) 二次函数的部分图象如图所示,图象过点(-1,0),对称轴为直线x=2,则下列结论中正确的个数有( )①4+b=0;②;③若点A(-3, ),点B(-, ),点C(5, )在该函数图象上,则<<;④若方程的两根为和,且<,则<-1<5< .A . 1个B . 2个C . 3个D . 4个3、(2019西岗.中考模拟) 二次函数y=﹣(x﹣1)2+3图象的对称轴是( )A . .直线x=1B . 直线x=﹣1C . 直线x=3D . 直线x=﹣34、(2017和平.中考模拟) 在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=﹣(x+1)2﹣的顶点是()A .(﹣1,﹣) B . (﹣1,) C . (1,﹣) D . (1,)5、(2018哈尔滨.中考模拟) 二次函数y=2(x-3)2-1的顶点坐标是().A . (3,1)B . (3,-1)C . (-3,1)D . (-3,-1)6、(2019乐清.中考模拟) 关于抛物线,下列说法正确的是()A . 对称轴是直线,有最小值是B . 对称轴是直线,有最大值是C . 对称轴是直线,有最大值是D . 对称轴是直线,有最小值是7、(2018西湖.中考模拟) 已知二次函数y=﹣x2+2mx,以下点可能成为函数顶点的是()A . (﹣2,4)B . (1,2)C . (﹣1,﹣1)D . (2,﹣4)8、(2018绍兴.中考模拟) 二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象如图,下列结论:①c<0;②b>0;③4a+2b+c>0;④(a+c)2<b2.其中不正确的有()A . 1个B . 2个C . 3个D . 4个9、(2016慈溪.中考模拟) 在平面直角坐标系中,二次函数y=﹣x2+6x﹣9的图象顶点为A,与y轴交于点B.若在该二次函数图形上取一点C,在x轴上取一点D,使得四边形ABCD为平行四边形,则D点的坐标为()A . (﹣9,0)B . (﹣6,0)C . (6,0)D . (9,0)10、(2015台州.中考真卷) 设二次函数y=(x﹣3)2﹣4图象的对称轴为直线l,若点M在直线l上,则点M的坐标可能是( )A . (1,0)B . (3,0)C . (﹣3,0)D . (0,﹣4)11、(2017全椒.中考模拟) 二次函数y=x2﹣2x的顶点为()A . (1,1)B . (2,﹣4)C . (﹣1,1)D . (1,﹣1)12、(2017青岛.中考模拟) 已知抛物线y=a(x﹣3)2+ 过点C(0,4),顶点为M,与x轴交于A、B两点.如图所示以AB为直径作圆,记作⊙D,下列结论:①抛物线的对称轴是直线x=3;②点C在⊙D外;③在抛物线上存在一点E,能使四边形ADEC为平行四边形;④直线CM与⊙D相切.正确的结论是()A . ①③B . ①④C . ①③④D . ①②③④13、(2017潍坊.中考模拟) 二次函数y=﹣x2+1的图象与x轴交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,下列说法错误的是()A . 点C的坐标是(0,1)B . 线段AB的长为2C . △ABC是等腰直角三角形D . 当x>0时,y随x增大而增大14、(2018青岛.中考真卷) 已知一次函数y= x+c的图象如图,则二次函数y=ax2+bx+c在平面直角坐标系中的图象可能是()A .B .C .D .15、(2016广州.中考真卷) 对于二次函数y=﹣ +x﹣4,下列说法正确的是()A . 当x>0时,y随x的增大而增大B . 当x=2时,y有最大值﹣3C . 图象的顶点坐标为(﹣2,﹣7)D . 图象与x轴有两个交点16、(2019鄂州.中考真卷) 二次函数的图象如图所示,对称轴是直线x=1.下列结论:①abc﹤0②3a+c﹥0③(a+c)2-b2﹤0④a+b≤m(am+b)(m为实数).其中结论正确的个数为()A . 1个B . 2个C . 3个D . 4个17、(2017娄底.中考模拟) 抛物线y=2(x﹣3)2的顶点在()A . 第一象限B . 第二象限C . x轴上D . y轴上18、(2016深圳.中考模拟) 关于二次函数y=﹣(x﹣3)2﹣2的图象与性质,下列结论错误的是( )A . 抛物线开口方向向下B . 当x=3时,函数有最大值﹣2C . 当x>3时,y随x的增大而减小D . 抛物线可由y=x2经过平移得到19、(2019河池.中考模拟) 抛物线y=﹣(x﹣8)2+2的顶点坐标是()A . (2,8)B . (8,2)C . (﹣8,2)D . (﹣8,﹣2)20、(2013南宁.中考真卷) 已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象如图所示,下列说法错误的是( )A . 图象关于直线x=1对称B . 函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的最小值是﹣4C . ﹣1和3是方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)的两个根D . 当x<1时,y随x的增大而增大21、(2018资中.中考模拟) 抛物线y=﹣(x﹣4)2﹣5的顶点坐标和开口方向分别是()A . (4,﹣5),开口向上B . (4,﹣5),开口向下C . (﹣4,﹣5),开口向上D . (﹣4,﹣5),开口向下22、(2020虹口.中考模拟) 抛物线y=3(x+1)2+1的顶点所在象限是()A . 第一象限B . 第二象限C . 第三象限D . 第四象限23、(2020苏州.中考模拟) 二次函数y=(x﹣4)2+3 的最小值是()A . 2B . 3C . 4D . 524、(2020哈尔滨.中考模拟) 抛物线y=(x+3)²+4的顶点坐标为()A . (-3,4)B . (3,4)C . (4,3)D . (4, -3)25、(2020呼和浩特.中考模拟) 下列命题是真命题的是( )A . 多边形的内角和为360°B . 若2a﹣b=1,则代数式6a﹣3b﹣3=0C . 二次函数y=(x﹣1)2+2的图象与y轴的交点的坐标为(0,2)D . 矩形的对角线互相垂直平分26、(2020东城.中考模拟) 若点在抛物线上,则下列结论正确的是()A .B .C .D .27、(2020温州.中考模拟) 下列抛物线中,其顶点在反比例函数y= 的图象上的是( )A . y=(x-4)2+3B . y=(x-4)2-3C . y=(x+2)2+1D . y=(x+2)2-128、(2021长沙.中考模拟) 下列关于二次函数的说法,正确的是()A . 对称轴是直线B . 当时有最小值-5C . 顶点坐标是(3,5)D . 当时,y随x的增大而减小29、已知抛物线y=a(x﹣3)2+过点C(0,4),顶点为M,与x轴交于A、B两点.如图所示以AB为直径作圆,记作⊙D,下列结论:①抛物线的对称轴是直线x=3;②点C在⊙D外;③在抛物线上存在一点E,能使四边形ADEC为平行四边形;④直线CM与⊙D相切。
2012年中考数学第二轮复习 专题讲解 几何计算题选讲
八.几何计算题选讲几何计算题历年来是中考的热点问题。
几何计算是以推理为基础的几何量的计算,主要有线段 与弧的长度计算、角和弧的度数计算、三角函数值的计算、线段比值的计算以及面积、体积的计算,从图形上分类有:三角形、四边形、多边形以及圆的有关计算。
解几何计算题的常用方法有:几何法、代数法、三角法等。
一、三种常用解题方法举例 例1. 如图,在矩形ABCD 中,以边AB 为直径的半圆O 恰与对边CD 相切于T ,与对角线AC 交于P ,PE ⊥AB 于E ,AB=10,求PE 的长.解法一:(几何法)连结OT ,则OT ⊥CD ,且OT=21AB =5BC=OT=5,AC25100+=55∵BC 是⊙O 切线,∴BC 2 =CP ·CA. ∴PC=5,∴AP=CA-CP=54.∵PE ∥BC ∴ACAP BCPE =,PE=5554×5=4.说明:几何法即根据几何推理,由几何关系式进行求解的方法,推理时特别要注意图形中的隐含条件. 解法二:(代数法) ∵PE ∥BC ,∴ABAE CBPE =. ∴21==ABCB AEPE .设:PE=x ,则AE=2 x ,EB=10–2 x . 连结PB. ∵AB 是直径,∴∠APB=900.在Rt △APB 中,PE ⊥AB ,∴△PBE ∽△APE . ∴21==AEPE EPEB .∴EP=2EB ,即x=2(10–2x ).解得x =4. ∴PE=4.说明:代数法即为设未知数列方程求解,关键在于找出可供列方程的相等关系,例如:相似三角形中的线段比例式;勾股定理中的等式;相交弦定理、切割线定理中的线段等积式,以及其他的相等关系. 解法三:(三角法)连结PB ,则BP ⊥AC.设∠PAB=α 在Rt △APB 中,AP=10COS α,在Rt △APE 中,PE=APsin α, ∴PE=10sin αCOS α. 在Rt △ABC 中, BC=5,AC=55.∴sin α=55555=,COS α=5525510=.∴PE=10×55255⨯=4.说明:在几何计算中,必须注意以下几点: (1) 注意“数形结合”,多角度,全方位观察图形,挖掘隐含条件,寻找数量关系和相等关系. (2) 注意推理和计算相结合,先推理后计算,或边推理边计算,力求解题过程规范化. (3) 注意几何法、代数法、三角法的灵活运用和综合运用. 二.其他题型举例 例2.如图,ABCD 是边长为2 a 的正方形,AB 为半圆O 的直径,CE 切⊙O 于E ,与BA 的A BF延长线交于F ,求EF 的长.分析:本题考察切线的性质、切割线定理、相似三角形性质、以及正方形有关性质.本题可用代数法求解. 解:连结OE ,∵CE 切⊙O 于E , ∴OE ⊥CF ∴△EFO ∽△BFC ,∴FBFE BCOE =,又∵OE=21AB=21BC ,∴EF=21FB设EF=x ,则FB=2x ,FA=2x –2a∵FE 切⊙O 于E ∴FE 2=FA ·FB ,∴x 2=(2x –2a )·2x 解得x =34a , ∴EF=34a.例3.已知:如图,⊙O 1 与⊙O 2相交于点A 、B ,且点O 1在⊙O 2上,连心线O 1O 2交⊙O 1于点C 、D ,交⊙O 2于点E ,过点C 作CF ⊥CE ,交EA 的延长线于点F ,若DE=2,AE=52 (1) 求证:EF 是⊙O 1的切线; (2) 求线段CF 的长;(3) 求tan ∠DAE 的值. 分析:(1)连结O 1A ,O 1E 是⊙O 2的直径,O 1A ⊥EF ,从而知 EF 是⊙O 1的切线.(2)由已知条件DE=2,AE=52,且EA 、EDC 分别是⊙O 1的切线和割线,运用切割线定理EA 2=ED ·EC ,可求得EC=10.由CF ⊥CE ,可得CF 是⊙O 1的切线,从而FC=FA.在Rt △EFC 中,设CF= x ,则FE= x +52.又CE=10,由勾股定理可得:(x +52)2= x 2+102,解得 x =54.即CF=54.(3)要求tan ∠DAE 的值,通常有两种方法:①构造含∠DAE 的直角三角形;②把求tan ∠DAE 的值转化为求某一直角三角形一锐角的正切(等角转化).在求正切值时,又有两种方法可供选择:①分别求出两线段(对边和邻边)的值;②整体求出两线段(对边和邻边)的比值. 解:(1)连结O 1A ,∵O 1E 是⊙O 2的直径,∴O 1A ⊥EF ∴EF 是⊙O 1的切线..(2)∵DE=2,AE=52,且EA 、EDC 分别是⊙O 1的切线和割线 ∴EA 2=ED ·EC ,∴EC=10由CF ⊥CE ,可得CF 是⊙O 1的切线,从而FC=FA.在Rt △EFC 中,设CF= x ,则FE= x +52.又CE=10,由勾股定理可得:(x +52)2= x 2+102,解得 x =54.即CF=54.(3)解法一:(构造含∠DAE 的直角三角形)作DG ⊥AE 于G ,求AG 和DG 的值.分析已知条件,在Rt △A O 1E 中,三边长都已知或可求(O 1A=4,O 1E=6),又DE=2,且DG ∥A O 1(因为DG ⊥AE ),运用平行分线段成比例可求得DG=,354,34=AG 从而tan ∠DAE=55.解法二:(等角转化)连结AC ,由EA 是⊙O 1的切线知∠DAE=∠ACD.只需求tan ∠ACD.易得∠CAD=900,所以只需求ACAD 的值即可.观察和分析图形,可得△ADE ∽△CAE ,551052===CEAE ACAD .从而tan ∠ACD=55=ACAD ,即tan ∠DAE=55.说明:(1)从已知条件出发快速地找到基本图形,得到基本结论,在解综合题时更显出它的基础性和重要性.如本题(2)求CF 的长时,要能很快地运用切割线定理,先求出CE 的长. (2)方程思想是几何计算中一种常用的、重要的方法,要熟练地掌握.例4.如图,已知矩形ABCD ,以A 为圆心,AD 为半径的圆交AC 、AB 于M 、E ,CE 的延长线交⊙A 于F ,CM=2,AB=4. (1) 求⊙A 的半径;(2) 求CF 的长和△AFC 的面积. 解:(1)∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴CD=AB=4,在Rt △ACD 中,AC 2=CD 2+AD2,∴(2+AD )2=42+AD 2,解得AD=3.(2) A 作AG ⊥EF 于G.∵BG=3,BE=AB ―AE=1,∴CE=10132222=+=+BE BC由CE ·CF=CD 2,得CF=105810422==CECD .又∵∠B=∠AGE=900,∠BEC=∠GEA ,∴△BCE ∽△GAE.∴AECE AGBC =,即,3103=AGS △AFC =21CF ·AG=536.例5.如图,△ABC 内接于⊙O ,BC=4,S △ABC =36,∠B 为锐角,且关于x 的方程x 2–4xcosB+1=0有两个相等的实数根.D 是劣弧AC 上的任一点(点D 不与点A 、C 重合),DE 平分∠ADC ,交⊙O 于点E ,交AC 于点F. (1) 求∠B 的度数;(2) 求CE 的长.分析:本题是一道综合了代数知识的几何计算题,考察了圆的有关性质,解题时应注意线段的转化.解:(1)∵关于x 的方程x 2–4xcosB+1=0有两个相等的实数根, ∴Δ=(-4cosB )2-4=0.∴cosB=21,或cosB=-21(舍去).又∵∠B 为锐角,∴∠B=600.(2) 点A 作AH ⊥BC ,垂足为H. S △ABC =21BC ·AH=21BC ·AB ·sin600=36,解得AB=6在Rt △ABH 中,BH=AB ·cos600=6×21=3,AH=AB ·sin600=6×3323=,∴CH=BC-BH=4-3=1. 在Rt △ACH 中,AC 2+CH 2=27+1=28.∴AC=72±(负值舍去).∴AC=72.连结AE ,在圆内接四边形ABCD 中,∠B+∠ADC=1800,∴∠ADC=1200.又∵DE 平分∠ADC ,∴∠EDC=600=∠EAC. 又∵∠AEC=∠B=600,∴∠AEC=∠EAC ,∴CE=AC=72.例6. 已知:如图,⊙O 的半径为r ,CE 切⊙O 于点C ,且与弦AB 的延长线交于点E ,CD ⊥AB 于D.如果CE=2BE ,且AC 、BC 的长是关于x 的方程x 2–3(r –2)x+ r 2–4=0的两个实数根.求(1)AC 、BC 的长;(2)CD 的长. 分析:(1)图中显然存在切割线定理的基本图形,从而可得△ECB ∽△EAC ,AC=2BC.又∵AC 、BC 是方程的两根,由根与系数关系可列出关于AC 、BC 的方程组求解.(2)∵CD 是Rt △CDB 的一边,所以考虑构造直角三角形与之对应.若过C 作直径CF ,连结AF ,则Rt △CDB ∽Rt △CAF ,据此可列式计算.解:(1)∵CE 切⊙O 于C ,∴∠ECB=∠A.又∵∠E 是公共角,∴△ECB ∽△EAC ,21==CEBE ACBC ,∴AC=2BC.由AC 、BC 的长是关于x 的方程x 2–3(r –2)x+ r 2BD–4=0的两个实数根,∴AC+BC=3(r-2);AC ·BC=r 2-4,解得r=6,∴BC=4,AC=8.(2) CO 并延长交⊙O 于F ,连结AF ,则∠CAF=900,∠CFA=∠CBD. ∵∠CDB=900=∠CAF ,∴△CAF ∽△CDB ,BCCF CDAC =.∴CD=381248=⨯=⋅CFBC AC .说明:(1)这是一道代数、几何的综合题,关键是寻找相似三角形,建立线段之间的比例关系,再根据根与系数关系列等式计算;(2)构造与相似的直角三角形的方法有许多种,同学们不妨试一试. 例7.如图,△ABC 内接于⊙O ,AB 是⊙O 的直径,PA 是过A 点的直线,∠PAC=∠B. (1)求证:PA 是⊙O 的切线;(2)如果弦CD 交AB 于E ,CD 的延长线交PA 于F ,AC=CE ∶EB=6∶5,AE ∶EB=2∶3,求AB 的长和∠FCB 的正切值.解:(1)∵AB 是⊙O 的直径,∴∠ACB=900. ∴∠CAB+∠B=900,又∠PAC=∠B ,∴∠CAB+∠PAC=900.即PA ⊥AB ,∴PA 是⊙O 的切线. (2) 设CE=6a ,AE=2x,则ED=5a ,EB=3 x.由相交弦定理,得2x ·3x=5a ·6a ∴x=5a. 连结AD.由△BCE ∽△DAE ,得553==EDEB ADBC .连结BD.由△BED ∽△CEA ,得25==AEBE ACBD .∴BD=54.由勾股定理得BC=228-AB,AD=2)54(-AB .∴553)54(82222=--ABAB .两边平方,整理得1002=AB ,∴10=AB(负值舍去).∴AD=52.∵∠FCB=∠BAD ,∴tan ∠FCB= tan ∠BAD=25254==ADBD .解几何计算题要求我们必须掌握扎实的几何基础知识,较强的逻辑推理能力,分析问题时应注意分析法与综合法的同时运用,还特别要注意图形中的隐含条件,在平时的学习中要善于总结归纳,只有这样才能掌握好几何计算题的解法.F。
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2012-2013年中考二轮复习(八)
一、填空题 1
.函数y =
x 的取值范围是 .
2.2008年北京奥运会火炬接力,火炬手达到21 780人,把这个数用科学记数法表示约为 人(保留两个有效数字).
3.在ABC △中,4BC =,3AC =,5AB =,则tan A 的值为 . 4.对于函数6
y x
=-
,当0x >时,y 随x 的增大而 . 5.在直径为1 000mm 的圆柱形油槽内装入一些油后,截面如图所示,若
油面宽800mm AB =,则油的最大深度为 ________mm .
6.“红星”商场对商品进行清仓处理,全场商品一律八折,小亮在该商
场购买了一双运动鞋,比按原价购买该鞋节省了16元,他购买该鞋实际用_____-元.
7.抛物线23y x bx =++经过点(30),
,则b 的值为 . 8.ABC △是O 的内接三角形,OD BC ⊥,垂足为D ,若
40BOD = ∠,则BAC ∠的度数为 .
9.一组数据3,7,8,x ,4的平均数是5,这组数据的中位数
为 .
10.如图,矩形纸片ABCD ,8AB =,12BC =,点M 在BC
边上,且4CM =,将矩形纸片折叠使点D 落在点M 处,折痕为EF ,则AE 的长为 .
二、选择题
11.下列运算正确的是( ) A .6
6
x x x =
B .33(2)6a a =
C .523
x x x ÷=
D .222
326x x x +=
12.在下列图形中,既是轴对称图形,又是中心对称图形的是( ) 13.下列二次根式是最简二次根式的为( ) A
.
B
C
D
14.如图,AB CD ∥,:1:4BO OC =,点E F ,分别是OC OD ,
的中点,则:EF AF 的值为( )
A .1
B .2
C .3
D .
4
(第5题)
(第10题)
A
B
C
D E
F
M
A .
B .
C .
D . (第14题) A
B O
E F
C D
15.点2b P ac a ⎛
⎫ ⎪⎝⎭
,在第二象限,点()Q a b ,关于原点对称的点在( )
A .第一象限
B .第二象限
C .第三象限
D .第四象限
16.已知O 的半径为5,点P 在直线l 上,且5OP =,直线l 与O 的位置关系是( ) A .相切
B .相交
C .相离
D .相切或相交
17
.若30x y +-,则x y -的值为( )
A .1-
B .1
C .3
D .3-
18.不能判定四边形ABCD 是平行四边形的题设是( ) A .AB CD ∥,AB CD = B .AB CD =,AD BC = C .AD BC =,A C =∠∠ D .AB CD ∥,B D =∠∠
19.国家实施惠农政策后,某镇农民人均收入经过两年提高44%,这两年该镇农民人均收入平均年增长率是( )
A .22%
B .20%
C .10%
D .11% 20.如图,ABC △是等边三角形,点D
E ,分别在BC AC ,上,且
13BD BC =,1
3
CE AC =,BE AD ,相交于点F ,连接DE ,
则下列结论:①60AFE = ∠;②DE AC ⊥;③2
CE DF DA = ;
④AF BE AE AC = ,正确的结论有( ) A .4个 B .3个 C .2个 D .1个
三、解答题(满分60分) 21.(本题6分)
先化简,再求值:22112111
x x x
x x x x --÷-++++
,其中1x =.
例题精讲
1.在ABC △中,AB AC =,点P 为ABC △所在平面内一点,过点P 分别作PE AC ∥交AB 于点E ,PF AB ∥交BC 于点D ,交AC 于点F .
若点P 在BC 边上(如图1),此时0PD =,可得结论:PD PE PF AB ++=.
请直接应用上述信息解决下列问题:
当点P 分别在ABC △内(如图2),ABC △外(如图3)时,上述结论是否成立?若成立,请给予证明;若不成立,PD PE PF ,,与AB 之间又有怎样的数量关系,请写出你的猜想,不需要证明.
(第20题)
C
图1 B
图2 B
图3
B
2. 阅读理解:对于任意正实数a 、b ,
∵2≥0,
∴a b -≥0,
∴a b +
≥a =b 时,等号成立.
结论:在a b +
≥a 、b 均为正实数)中,若ab 为定值p ,则a+b
≥只有当a =b 时,a+b
有最小值 根据上述内容,回答下列问题:
若m >0,只有当m = 时,
1
m m
+
有最小值 . 思考验证:如图1,AB 为半圆O 的直径,C 为半圆上任意一点(与点A 、B 不重合),过点C 作CD ⊥AB ,垂足为D ,AD =a ,DB =b .
试根据图形验证a b +
≥,并指出等号成立时的条件.
探索应用:如图2,已知A(-3,0),B(0,-4),P 为双曲线x
y 12
=
(x >0)上的任意一点,过点P 作PC ⊥x 轴于点C ,PD ⊥y 轴于点D .求四边形ABCD 面积的最小值,并说明此时四边形ABCD 的形状.
3.如图,点A 为x 轴负半轴上一点,点B 为x 轴正半轴上
一点,()OA OB OA OB <,的长分别是关于x 的一元二次方程2
2
420x mx m -++=的两
根,(03)C ,
,且6ABC S =△. (1)求ABC ∠的度数;
(2)过点C 作CD AC ⊥交x 轴于点D ,求点D 的坐标;
(3)在第(2)问的条件下,y 轴上是否存在点P ,使PBA ACB =∠∠?若存在,请直接写出直线PD 的解析式;若不存在,请说明理由.
4.(1)观察一列数2,4,8,16,32,…,发现从第二项开始,每一项与前一项之比是一个常数,这个常数是________;根据此规律,如果n a (n 为正整数)表示这个数列的第n
项,
第26题图1
第26题图2
那么18a =________,n a =________;
(2)如果欲求2
3
20
13333+++++ 的值,可令
232013333S =+++++ ……………………………………………………①
将①式两边同乘以3,得
_______________________………………………………………………………② 由②减去①式,得
S =____________________.
(3)用由特殊到一般的方法知:若数列123n a a a a ,,,,,从第二项开始每一项与前一项之比的常数为q ,则n a =________(用含1a q n ,,的代数式表示),如果这个常数1q ≠,那么123n a a a a ++++= ________(用含1a q n ,,的代数式表示).。