雅思写作之怎样写好小作文主体段之动态图

学科教师辅导讲义学生签字： 日期：第三讲 怎样写好主体段之动态图3 主体段：写 1+X 句，第一句总概括本段，X句按顺序介绍数据1. 第一句：概括总体变化趋势或概括图由哪几部分组成。

1) 如果图形里存在时间推移（不同年代/月份/时间段）——动态图形，概括总体变化趋势：line graph, bar chart 。

描写上升，下降，波动还是平稳趋势；或者概况哪一类数据整体上高于其他的各类数据。

（2）如果图形里不存在时间推移——静态图形，没有变化趋势，概括该图形展示了哪几类数据，或概况哪一类数据整体上高于其他的各类数据。

I.e. the first table shows that coffee sales increased in all five countries.动态图常见的表达1) 趋势词汇上升动词类：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar下降动词类：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip波动动词类：fluctuate持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant知识梳理修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically 急剧地，drastically 急剧地上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类：fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2) 极值类词汇和表达最高点：reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点：reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute3) 倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4) 大约的表达方式Approximately/About/around+数字常用的小作文的趋势句式表达1) 变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.2) There be+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.3) 时间+see/experience/witness+ 表示趋势的名词+in+ 变化的主体+ 数值The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.4) 表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.3.1.1 线图单线：纵向变化+纵向比较1.体现变化的点：峰值、谷值、转折点、交点、起点、终点2.描述变化的词汇（动词、名词）多线：a.纵向变化+纵向比较（辅）+横向比较（主）；各图间的联系b.若能相互联系则对比、归纳起来写c.如果联系不大，则分开写，结束段将其联系起来。

d.要点及写作顺序：i.从总到分ii.从最受欢迎到不受欢迎iii.从上升/上涨到下降iv.从最大值到最小值v.从最主要特征到不重要特征单线图：The number of marriage in Scotland fell sharply from 9,000 in 1960 to 3,000 in 1970, and continued to decline at a slow rate until around 2,000 in 1985. From 1985 there was a gradual increase in the number of marriages which then leveled off at 3,500 in 1994.双线图：The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.Radio and television audiences inthe UK, October-December 1992The line graph describes the percentage of radio listeners and television viewer over four years in the U.K. throughout the day from Oct. to Dec. in1992.The figure reveals that before 1:00 p.m. there were more radio audiences, while after 1:00 p.m. more people turned to television.The data indicated that radio listeners increased substantially before 8:00 am, when the percentage reached to a peak of 27%. Then, it declined steadily in the following 20 hours, bottoming out at 2% at 4:00 a.m. of the next day. The period from 4:00 am to 6:00 am saw another slight rise to 4% in radio listeners.As for TV viewers, the period from 6:00 a.m.to 8:30 a.m. saw a sharp increase, when there was a leveling off at 8% until 10:00 am.. From then on, it generally maintained a sharply upward trend until the peak(45%) was reached at 8:00 p.m., in spite of some small fluctuation. However, there was a slump thereafter in the percentage. The percentage reached the bottom of 3% at 3:00 a.m, when there was a slight rise afterwards.The general trend was that the percentage of both radio and television audiences rose first and then decrease, while the total number of the latter was bigger than the former. In addition, the prime time for radio and television was 8 am and 8 pm, respectively.三线图：The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040in three different countries.The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA.It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries.四线图：The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.The graph below shows the number of people at a London underground station from 6:00 to 16:00.注：这个图里存在时间变化，所以段首句可以概括整体的变化趋势（波动）。